A REVIEW ON DIFFERENT PLANTS IN EUPHORBIACEAE FAMILY

AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES

PRESENTED BY:

EXAMINATION ROLL NO: M-10507

REGISTRATION NO: 0523

SESSION: JANUARY 2017

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHITTACONG

 Introduction
Plants have been used for medicall purposes since
the beginning of human history and are the basis of
modern medicin. Most chemotherapeutic drugs for
different treatment and molecules identified and
isolated from plants or their synthetic derivatives.
Different types of plants used to treat various types
of diseases that reveals the most up to date findings
in understanding of biological significance of their
bioactive compounds used.

Ref:
 www.plantsjournal.com/journal of medicinalplants studies.
 Aim Of The Work
Plant kingdom serves as the source of new drug and
it is expected that the treasure of plant materials will
give lead compounds for incurable diseases like
cancer,diabetics, AIDS etc. To achieve the target of
getting new compounds present in the active plant
parts to get priliminary idea about the active
constituents,bioassay guided research is necessary.
Moreover a part of the plant such as leaves, roots,
rhizomes, stems, barks, flowers, fruits, grains or
seeds have the different known and unknown ability
to heal disease of human being.
 About Euphorbiacea
The Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large
family of flowering plants. The Euphorbiaceae are
mostly monoecious herbs, shrubs, and trees,
sometimes succulent and cactus-like, comprising one
of the largest families of plants with about 300
genera and 7,500 species. Six plants are important of
ths family- Acalypha Indica L, Euphorbia Hirta L,
Euphorbia Thymifolia L,Croton Bonplandianum
Baill, Jatropha Gossypifolia L, Ricinus Communis
L.

Spurge Family Euphorbiaceae

Ref:

 http://pubs.sciepub.com/plant/1/3/5/ Taxonomy and Medicinal Uses of

Euphorbiaceae (Spurge) Family of Rajshahi, Bangladesh(A.H.M. Mahbubur
Rahman, Momota Akter)
1. Acalypha Indica L
 Binomial Name : Acalypha Indica L
 Local Name : Muktajhuri.
 Family : Euphorbiacea.
 Parts Used : Leaves, stem, flowers, roots and seeds.
 Mode of Action:
Acalypha indica leaves extracts in different solvent extractions like
methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Leaf extract
of methanol have shown the highest anti-oxidation capacity than
hexane,ethyl acetate and petroleum ether.
  Chemical constituents :
Alkaloids, Catachols, Phenolic compounds, Flavinoids, Saponin,
Steroids and Tannin.

 Uses :
 Plants are emetic, expectorant, laxative and diuretic.
 Powder of the dry leaves is given to children to expel
worms.
 Acalypha indica leaves are used in the jaundice remedy.

Ref :
 http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/phytochemical-constituents-and-pharmacological-
activities-of-acalyphus-indica-linn-a-review/?view=fulltext

 Natasha Nguyen (2014). "Convergent evolution of cacti and euphorbias". Retrieved

31 March 2007.And http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/euphorbi.htm.
2. Euphorbia Hirta L
 Binomial Name : Euphorbia Hirta L.
 Local Name : Dudhia.
 Family : Euphorbiacea.
 Parts Used : Leaves, stem and roots and flower
 Mode Of Action :
The methanolic extracts of Euphorbia hirta L leaves, flowers,
stems and roots were evaluated against some medically important
bacteria and yeast using the agar disc diffusion method. This plants
shows antimicrobial activities by this method.
  Chemical Constituents :
Quercitrin, Gallic acid, α-Amyrin, Maleic acid, Tartaric acid,
Rutin.

 Uses :
 The plant is astringent and haemostatic; as poultice applied to
abscesses, inflamed glands, ulcers, oedemas and phlegmons.
 Euphorbia hirta was used in the treatment of gastrointestinal
disorders, bronchial and other respiratory diseases,
conjunctivitis.
 The plant has as an analgesic to treat severe headache,
toothache, rheumatism, colic, and pains during pregnancy.

Ref:
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249903/_Euphorbia_hirta_Its_che
mistry_traditional_and_medicinal_uses_and_pharmacological_activities.

 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877206/ Assessment of Euphorbia hirta L.

leaf, flower, stem and root extracts for their antibacterial and antifungal activity
and brine shrimp lethality.

3. Euphorbia Thymifolia L
 Binomial Name : Euphorbia Thymifolia L.
 Local Name : Dudhiya.
 Family : Euphorbiacea.
 Parts Used : Leaves, roots, flowers and whole plant.
 Mode Of action :
The whole plant of ETL was collected and coarsely powdered. The
powder was successively extracted with ethanol using soxhlet
extractor. The ethanolic extract thus obtained was used for the
preliminary phytochemical screening and pharmacological
studies.
  Chemical Constituents :
Carotene, chlorophll-a and b, phenolics& tannins,
Crudeprotein,fat&fiber,totalcarbohydrate,starch,amylase,amylo-
pectin,cellulose,ash,acid insoluble and soluble ash, moisture&
calorific, Macro-minerals viz,Na,K,Ca,Li and micro-minerals
viz,Fe,Cu,Mn and Co and Iso-mallotinic acid.

 Uses :
 The fresh plant is used in ophthalmia and other eye troubles,
ardor, sores, atrophy, dysentery and breast pain.
 Leaves and seeds are astringent, stimulant, anthelmintic and
laxative; given to children in bowel complaints.
 Root is used in amenorrhea.
Ref:
 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Isolated-compounds-of-Euphorbia
thymifolia3_260117958.

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304702899_Phytopharmacological_acti
vit of_Euphorbia_thymifolia_Linn


4. Croton Bonplandianum Baill
 Binomial Name : Croton Bonplandianum Baill.
 Local Name : Bondhone.
 Family : Euphorbiacea.
 Parts Used : Leaves, fruits and flowers.
 Mode Of Action :
Leaf & fruits extracts of plant prepared in acetone,methanol and
were tested for genotoxocity. The antimicrobial studies revealed
that methanol extract of leaf and fruit of Croton bonplandianum
is more effective against tested microbes than aqueous and acetone
extracts.
  Chemical Constituents :
1-Dodecene,1-Dodecanol,Methyl stearate,2,4-
bis(dimethylethyl)phenol,Triterpene,Linoleate,Oxo(Keto) Fatty
acid esters and Cardenolides.

 Uses :
 The plant Croton bonplandianum (Euphorbiaceae) is treat
liver disorders, skin diseases including ring worm infection,
to cure the swelling of body, bronchitis and asthma,
antiseptic.
 The seeds are used for the treatment of jaundice, acute
constipation, abdominal dropsy and internal abscesses.

Ref :
 http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50532007000100002

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291689255_Antibacterial_activity_of_the_
alkaloid_extract_and_isolated_compounds_from_Croton_bonplandianum_Baill_Eu
phorbiaceae.
5. Jatropha Gossypifolia L
 Binomial Name : Jatropha Gossypifolia L
 Local Name : Lalbherenda.
 Family : Euphorbiacea.
 Parts Used : Leaves, flowers and root.
 Mode Of Action :
The mechanism of action was used doubling dilution technique by
mixing neat (undiluted) and serial dilutions of the latex with
30% bovine albumin that possesses procoagulant activity. The
result of this test showed that precipitation of coagulant factors is
the mechanism of action of its haemostatic activity.
  Chemical Constituents :
Coumarin-lignoids,Diterpenes,Flavonoids,Fatty
acid,Esters,Saponin,Phenol,Glycoside and Lignans.

 Uses :
 The leaves and bark have the purgative effect and to treat colic,
stomach-ache and fever, including malaria.
 The leaves are used to treat eczema and itches.

Ref :
 sp..https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2014/369204/tab1/Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 369204, 32
pages

 https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/5890/1/gm05031.pdf/mechanism of
action of jatropha gossypifolia stem latex.
6. Ricinus Communis L
 Binomial Name : Ricinus Communis L.
 Local Name : Bherenda.
 Family : Euphorbiacea.
 Parts Used : Whole plants,leaves,flowers,fruits and seeds.
 Mode Of Action :
Ricinus communis L is one of the oldest cultivated crops, but
currently it represents only 0.15% of the vegetable oil produced in
the world. Castor oil is of continuing importance to the global
specialty chemical industry because it is the only commercial
source of a hydroxylated fatty acid.

 Chemical Constituents :
 Palmitic,Stearic, Oleic C18:1n9, Oleic C18:1n10, Dyhydroxy stearic
acid, Saturated fatty acid(SFA) and Unsaturated fatty acid(UFA).

 Uses :
 The leaves are used as galactagogue, and in headache.
 It is used for rheumatism, inflammations and nervous disorders.
Juice of tender leaves is given with sugar or sugar candy in
dysentery.
 The toxalbumin and ricin contained in the seed oil possesses
anti-cancer properties.

Ref :
 sp..https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/chemical-composition-and-oil-
characterization-of-some-accessions-of-ricinus-communis-seeds-2167-0234-
1000240.php?aid=86567&view=mobile

 http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?
issn=19957645;year=2018;volume=11;issue=3;spage=177;epage=185;aulast=Abdul.
 Methods And Procedure
The methods and materials was performed through a systematic search related to
Euphorbiacea including the ethnomedicinal practices, phytochemistry and
pharmacological studies around the world. The data was collected from online
journals, research papers and books, all of which were published in different
countries.

We are reading from online journals, researchgate and research paper to know that
these plants were prepared and used to different parts.Such as-

 Acalypha indica L & Croton bonplandianum ball: Leaves of two

plants + collected + dried & Powdered + evaporated + soxhlet extractor
using chemical compounds + showed Antimicrobial & Antioxidant
Activities.
 Euphorbia Hirta L: Leaves of this plant + collected + dried by using
Rotavapour + extracted using Methanol solvent in a Soxhlet extractor +
showed Pharmacological activities.
 Euphorbia Thymifolia L : Whole plant material + collected + dried and
powdered and stored in a well closed air tight container + hot continuous
extraction in a soxhlet extractor + extracts were stored in refrigerator +
showed qualitative analysis and pharmacological studies.
 Jatropha gossypifolia L : Leaves of this plant + collected + washed &
air-dried for 10-15days + fine powder using an electric grinder and stored in
air tight bottles + kept in Soxhlet extraction and extracted with petroleum
ether + showed qualitative analysis and pharmacological studies.
 Ricinus Communis L: Seeds of this plant + collected + prepared & dried
for 7days + soxhlet extraction using hexane + used for qualitative analysis
and pharmacological studies.
 Discussion
From online journals, researchgate and research paper to know that these plants
were prepared and used to different parts, the review of Euphorbiacea Family
plants it was found that:

 Acalypha indica L & Croton bonplandianum ball = showed

Antimicrobial & Antioxidant Activities.

 Euphorbia Hirta L = showed Antiulcer activity, Antibiotic in medicines,

Anticancer, Antiparasitic, Antiallergenic activity, Antispasmodic activity.

 Euphorbia Thymifolia L = showed Anti-inflammatory and proven to

encourage healthy cell growth and function, Analgesic, Haemostatic,
Antithrombic, Antioxidant, Vasoprotective actions, Antiviral, Anti-allergic
and Antitumour properties.

 Jatropha gossypifolia L = Showed Anti-inflammatory activity,

Antimicrobial activity, Antibacterial activities, Antidiarrhoel activity, Anti-
fungal activity, Phytochemical activity, Allelopathic activity, Antioxidant
activity, Analgesic activity.

 Ricinus Communis L = Catalytic activity,Larvicidal activity, Resistance-

modifying Activity in Vinblastine-resistant Human Breast
Cancer,Photosynthetic activity, Anti fertility, Insecticidal Activities,
Antifungal activities.
 Conclusion
The present study may be a preliminary contribution of this area using
standard research methods, focusing on medicinal plants and their local
uses for the healthcare. This study provides important data especially
soxhlet extraction system for identification of different plants in
Euphorbiacea family. In conclusion, it was obtained that different plant
of this family have showed different activities like antioxident,
antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer etc.in humen being and
animal.
 Reference
 www.plantsjournal.com/journal of medicinalplants studies.
 http://pubs.sciepub.com/plant/1/3/5/ Taxonomy and Medicinal Uses of Euphorbiaceae
(Spurge) Family of Rajshahi, Bangladesh(A.H.M. Mahbubur Rahman, Momota Akter)
 http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/phytochemical-constituents-and-pharmacological-activities-of-
acalyphus-indica-linn-a-review/?view=fulltext
 Natasha Nguyen (2014). "Convergent evolution of cacti and euphorbias". Retrieved 31
March 2007.And http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/euphorbi.htm.
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249903/_Euphorbia_hirta_Its_chemistr
y_traditional_and_medicinal_uses_and_pharmacological_activities.
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877206/ Assessment of Euphorbia hirta L. leaf,
flower, stem and root extracts for their antibacterial and antifungal activity and brine
shrimp lethality.
 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Isolated-compounds-of-Euphorbia
thymifolia3_260117958.
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304702899_Phytopharmacological_activit
of_Euphorbia_thymifolia_Linn
 http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50532007000100002
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291689255_Antibacterial_activity_of_the_alkal
oid_extract_and_isolated_compounds_from_Croton_bonplandianum_Baill_Euphorbiace
ae.
 sp..https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2014/369204/tab1/Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 369204, 32 pages
 https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/5890/1/gm05031.pdf/mechanism of
action of jatropha gossypifolia stem latex.
 sp..https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/chemical-composition-and-oil-
characterization-of-some-accessions-of-ricinus-communis-seeds-2167-0234-
1000240.php?aid=86567&view=mobile
 http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?
issn=19957645;year=2018;volume=11;issue=3;spage=177;epage=185;aulast=Abdul.
Thanks
To All