Erik Erikson, a renowned psychologist and psychoanalyst, proposed a theory of

psychosocial development that consists of eight stages. These stages span an

individual's lifespan and focus on the challenges and conflicts they face at
different ages. Each stage represents a critical period during which a person's
psychological and social development is shaped. Here are Erikson's eight stages of
psychosocial development:

1. **Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0-1 year):** The first stage centers on
developing a sense of trust in caregivers. Infants learn to rely on their
caregivers for comfort and care. Trust is established when caregivers are
responsive and dependable.

2. **Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood, 1-3 years):** Toddlers begin to
assert their independence and develop a sense of autonomy. Encouragement and
support for their efforts promote healthy development. If they face criticism or
overly harsh restrictions, they may develop shame and doubt.

3. **Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool Age, 3-6 years):** Children start taking
initiative in play and exploration. They develop a sense of purpose and creativity.
However, if their initiatives are stifled or met with punishment, they may feel
guilt.

4. **Industry vs. Inferiority (Elementary School Age, 6-11 years):** This stage
involves learning and mastering skills and competencies. Children strive to meet
societal and academic expectations. Success leads to a sense of industry, while
failure can result in feelings of inferiority.

5. **Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 12-18 years):** Adolescents grapple

with questions of identity and self-concept. They explore their roles in society,
including career aspirations and personal values. A successful resolution leads to
a strong sense of identity, while confusion can result in an unclear sense of self.
6. **Pagpapalagayang-loob vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 19-40 years):** Young
adults seek meaningful relationships and intimate connections with others.
Developing strong, loving relationships leads to intimacy, while isolation may
result from failed attempts or fear of rejection.
Generativity
7. **Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 40-65 years):** Middle-aged
adults focus on contributing to society and guiding the next generation. They may
do this through parenting, careers, or community involvement. Generativity leads to
a sense of fulfillment, while stagnation results from a lack of purpose.

8. **Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65+ years):** In this stage,

individuals reflect on their life's achievements and whether they've led a
meaningful existence. A sense of integrity and wisdom emerges when they feel
content with their life's journey. Despair can arise from regrets and unfulfilled
aspirations.
Ang kawalan ng pag-asa ay isang malalim at madalas na labis na pakiramdam ng
kawalan ng pag-asa at kalungkutan. Maaari itong magresulta mula sa iba't ibang mga
pangyayari sa buhay, tulad ng mga personal na pagkalugi, pagkabigo, o pang-unawa ng
isang hindi malulutas na p
These stages represent the psychosocial challenges individuals face at different
points in their lives. Successful resolution of each stage contributes to healthy
development and a well-rounded sense of self.
1. **Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0-1
year):** Ang unang yugto ay nakasentro sa pagbuo ng pakiramdam ng pagtitiwala sa
mga tagapag-alaga. Natututo ang mga sanggol na umasa sa kanilang mga tagapag-alaga
para sa kaginhawahan at pangangalaga. Ang tiwala ay naitatag
2. **Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood, 1-3 taon):** Nagsisimulang
igiit ng mga paslit ang kanilang kalayaan at magkaroon ng pakiramdam ng awtonomiya.
Ang paghihikayat at suporta para sa kanilang mga pagsisikap ay nagtataguyod ng
kalusugan Kung nahaharap sila sa pagpuna o labis na malupit na mga paghihigpit,
maaari silang magkaroon ng kahihiyan at pagdududa.
Pagkalito sa Papel