Module 8

HMIS DATA
QUALITY
MLS 1103 | Health Information System for Medical Laboratory Science
College of Medical Laboratory Science | Central Philippine University

REFERENCE
Health Information System for
Medical Laboratory Science
Lesson 8
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, the learner should
have been be able to:
1. discuss data quality, quality
assessment, and development
implementation plan

HMIS Data Quality

pp. 79 – 86
2. explain the importance of
data quality tools

3. differentiate the different

techniques used in root cause
analysis
Data and Quality
• DATA
➢facts and statistics collected together
for reference or analysis.

• QUALITY
➢the standard of something as measured
against other things of a similar kind;
the degree of excellence of something
Data Quality
• Overall utility of a data set(s) as a function
of its ability to be processed easily and
analyzed for a database, data warehouse,
or data analytics system.

• Having quality data means that the data is

useful and consistent.
Routine Data Quality Assessment Tool (RDQA)
• Allows programs and projects to verify and assess the quality of
their reported data.
• It also aims to strengthen their data management and reporting
systems.

STEPS FOR CONDUCTING AN RDQA

Objectives of RDQA
By using the RDQA tool, you can achieve three key objectives.
VERIFY RAPIDLY
1) the quality of reported
data for key indicators at
selected sites; and
2) the ability of data‐
management systems to
collect, manage and
report quality data.
IMPLEMENT
corrective measures
with action plans for
strengthening the data
management and
reporting system and
improving
data quality.
MONITOR
capacity improvements
and performance of the
data management and
reporting system to
produce quality data.
Development Implementation Plan
• An Implementation Plan is a
project management tool that
shows how a project will evolve at
a high level.

• An implementation plan helps

ensure that a development team is
working to deliver and complete
tasks on time Example of an Implementation Plan
Key Components of an Implementation Plan
1. Define Goals/Objectives
Answers the question “What do you want to accomplish?”
2. Schedule Milestones
Outline the high level schedule in the implementation phase.
3. Allocate Resources
Determine whether you have sufficient resources, and decide how you will procure
what’s missing.
4. Designate Team Member Responsibilities
Create a general team plan with overall roles that each team member will play.
5. Define Metrics for Success
How will you determine if you have achieved your goal
 Data quality tools used to address the data
quality problem
Parsing and standardization — Decomposition of text fields into component parts and formatting of
values into consistent layouts based on industry standards and pattern user-defined business rules.

Generalized “cleansing” — Modification of data values to meet domain restrictions, integrity

constraints or other business rules that define sufficient data quality for the organization

Matching — Identification, linking or merging related entries within or across sets of data

Profiling — Analysis of data to capture statistics (metadata) to determine the quality of data and
identify data quality issues

Monitoring — Deployment of controls to ensure conformity of data to business rules set by the
organization

Enrichment — Enhancing the value of the data by using related attributes from external sources such
as consumer demographic attributes or geographic descriptors
Root Cause Analysis
• A class of problem solving methods
aimed at identifying the root causes
of the problems or events instead of
simply addressing the obvious
symptoms.

• Aim is to improve the quality of the

products by using systematic ways in
order to be effective (Bowen, 2011).
Techniques in Root Cause Analysis
1. Ask Why 5 Times
2. Failure Mode and Effects
Analysis (FMEA)
3. Pareto Analysis
4. Fault Tree Analysis
5. Current Reality Tree (CRT)
6. Fishbone or Ishikawa or
Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
7. Kepner-Tregoe Technique
8. RPR Problem Diagnosis
Ask Why 5 Times
• Identify the problem, and then
ask "why" five times

• Root cause can be strategically

identified and tackled.

“Ask Why 5 Times” might sound like the

technique of a five-year-old wanting to get out of
going to bed.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
• Technique which is aimed to find various modes for failure within a
system.

• All failure modes must be determined.

1. How many times does a cause of failure occur?
2. What actions are implemented to prevent this cause from occurring again?
3. Are the actions effective and efficient?
Pareto Analysis
• Operates using Pareto principle
• 80% of all effects (problems) can be
attributed to 20% of the possible
causes

• Run when there are multiple

potential causes to a problem.
To create a Pareto chart, you will list potential causes in a bar graph across
the bottom - from the most important cause on the left to the least
important cause on the right. Then, you will track the cumulative
percentage in a line graph to the top of the table. The causes reflected on
the table should account for at least eighty percent of those involved in
the problem.
 Fault Tree Analysis
• Uses boolean logic to determine the
root causes of an undesirable event.
• This technique is usually used in risk
analysis and safety analysis.

• Fault tree
1. At the top of the fault tree, the
undesirable result is listed.
2. From this event, all potential causes
tree down from it. Example of a Fault Tree Analysis
3. Each potential cause is listed on the
diagram in the shape of an upside
down tree.
Current Reality Tree (CRT)
• Analyzes a system at once.

• Used when many problems exist and you want to get to the root
causes of all the problems.
1. List all of the undesirables or problems.
2. Begin a chart starting with each of those problems using causal language
(if...and...then).
✓Tree will depict each potential cause for a problem.
✓The tree will show one cause that is linked to all problems.
Fishbone Diagram
• Aka Ishikawa or Cause-and-Effect
Diagrams

• Group causes into categories including:

1. People
2. Measurements
3. Methods
4. Materials
5. Environment
6. Machines

• May use different categories

✓The 4 M's (manufacturing)
✓The 4 S's (service)
✓The 8 P's (also service)
Fishbone Diagram
4 M’s 4 S’s 8 P’s
• Method • Surrounding • Product
• Manpower • Suppliers • Price
• Machine • Systems • Place
• Materials • Skills • Promotion
• People
• Process
• Physical Evidence
• Productivity And
Quality
 The diagram gets its name due to the fact that it looks like a
fishbone, with categorized causes and their sub-causes visualized.
Kepner-Tregoe Technique
Process begins
• Aka rational process with an appraisal
of the situation

• Intended to break a Problem analysis is

undertaken to get
problem down to its root to the cause of
undesired events.
cause.
Decision analysis
is tackled,
outlining various
decisions that
must be made.

Problem analysis is
made to ensure
that the actions
decided upon in
step three are
sustainable.
RPR Problem Diagnosis
• RPR stands for "Rapid Problem Resolution”

• Deals with diagnosing the causes of recurrent problems.

• Has three phases:

2 Investigate
team members the problem is fixed
gather data and and monitored to
a diagnostic plan is ensure that the
analyze their created and the root
findings cause is identified
proper root cause
through careful was identified.
analysis of the
diagnostic data
1 Discover 3 Fix