MSE 2211

Crystal Defect, Deformation and

Fracture

Maliha Rahman
Lecturer
Dept. of MSE, RUET
 Lecture 31-32

Topic: Fatigue
Reference: Dieter Chapter 12
STRAIN-LIFE EQUATION

For high Cycle (Low Strain) regime :

Elastic Fatigue

σa = alternating stress
2N= number of strain reversals to failure (1 cycle= 2 reversal)
b= fatigue strength exponent (-0.05 to -0.12 for many metals)
σ’f = fatigue strength coefficient
STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF FATIGUE
• Fatigue process is divided into
1. Crack Initiation

2. Slip Band Crack Growth

• Stage I Crack Growth

3. Crack Growth on Planes of High Tensile Stress

• Stage II Crack Growth

4. Ultimate Ductile Failure

•4. Ultimate Ductile Failure
FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION
EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATION ON
FATIGUE
• Fatigue strength is reduced by stress raisers.
• Careful design is required.
• Stress raiser effect is observed by creating notches.
• Effects of notches:
• Theoretical stress intensity factor, Kt

• Effectiveness of notch in decreasing fatigue life fatigue-strength reduction

factor or fatigue-notch factor, Kf
• Kf = Ratio of the fatigue limit of unnotched to notched samples
SIZE EFFECT
SURFACE EFFECTS AND FATIGUE
Factors affecting fatigue specimen-

1. Surface roughness or stress risers at surface

2. Changes in fatigue strength of surface materials

3. Changes in residual stress condition of the surface

Surface Roughness
• Good surface finish increase fatigue life.
• Par Bars
• Residual compressive stress shot peening
End of today!!