TEACHING GRAMMAR BY KOMOROWSKA AND HARMER

Hanna Komorowska's book "Metodyka nauczania języków obcych" provides a comprehensive

overview of teaching methodology for foreign languages, including the topic of teaching grammar. In
her book, she emphasizes the importance of introducing new grammar in a way that is engaging and
effective for students.

One of the key issues discussed in Komorowska's book is the use of the deductive and inductive
approach for introducing new grammar. The deductive approach involves presenting students with
a rule or explanation of a grammar point, followed by practice exercises that help students to apply
the rule in context. The inductive approach, on the other hand, involves presenting students with
examples of the grammar point and asking them to identify the rule themselves. Both approaches
have their benefits and challenges, and it is up to the teacher to choose the approach that best suits
their students' learning styles and needs.

Komorowska also discusses various techniques for practicing grammar. One of the most effective
ways to practice grammar is through imitation, where students listen to or read sentences and then
reproduce them with correct grammar. Substitution involves changing certain elements of a
sentence to practice a specific grammar point. For example, students might be asked to substitute a
different verb tense or subject pronoun. Transformation involves changing the form or structure of
a sentence to practice a specific grammar point. For example, students might be asked to transform
a statement into a question or a positive sentence into a negative one.

To help students remember new grammar, Komorowska suggests the use of mnemonic techniques.
For example, students might use a sentence or phrase that helps them to remember the rule. For
example, to remember the difference between "lie" and "lay," students might use the sentence "Lay
the book down and lie down yourself."

In addition, Komorowska provides examples of grammar games that can be used to practice
grammar in a fun and engaging way. For example, she suggests using a board game where students
move their pieces around the board and answer questions related to the grammar point. Another
game involves giving students a set of cards with different parts of a sentence, and asking them to
put the cards in the correct order to form a grammatically correct sentence.

HARMER:

In "The Practice of English Language Teaching", Harmer emphasizes the importance of introducing
grammar in a way that is engaging and meaningful for students. He recommends using real-life
examples and situations to help students understand how grammar works in context. Harmer also
suggests using a combination of deductive and inductive approaches to introduce new grammar. The
deductive approach involves providing students with a rule or explanation of a grammar point and
then asking them to apply it in practice. The inductive approach involves presenting students with
examples of a grammar point and asking them to identify the rule themselves. Harmer highlights that
both approaches have their benefits and challenges, and suggests that teachers should choose the
approach that best suits their students' learning styles and needs.

Harmer also provides examples of activities and grammar games that can be used to practice
grammar in an engaging and interactive way. These include activities such as grammar auctions,
where students bid on sentences with different grammar points, and grammar races, where students
compete to see who can complete a grammar task first. Harmer emphasizes that these activities
should be designed to provide meaningful practice of the grammar point, and that they should be
tailored to suit the level and needs of the students.