Chapter 7

Review Exercises (Page 227)

Suffixes

i)
1. {or} - e. similar to
2. {old} - b. quality, state
3. {ile} - d. agent, doer
4. {ence} - a. having the capability or capacity
5. {oma} - c. abnormal swelling

ii)
1. {ine} - c. having the nature of
2. {ose, ous} - a. full of
3. {ble} - d. capable of
4. {itis} - e. inflammation
5. {tude} - b. condition

Bases

iii)
1. {gastr / gastro} - f. stomach
2. {fus} - d. flow
3. {graph} - h. write
4. {ferv} - g. heat
5. {scope} - c. see
6. {tom} - b. cut

iv)
1. {frag} - d. break
2. {enter} - e. intestine
3. {pecuni} - f. money
4. {oto} - h. ear
5. {metro} - b. measure
6. {sequ} - c. follow

Match the definitions:

v)
1. carcinoma - e. a cancerous swelling
 2. aperture - c. opening
3. oviferous - d. egg-laying
4. sclerosis - g. abnormal hardening
5. pallor - b. condition of being pale
6. gastritis - a. inflammation of the stomach

vi)
1. deltoid - e. triangular shaped muscle of the shoulder
2. audible - f. can be heard
3. asteroid - c. planetoid
4. erasure - a. deletion
5. otorrhea - d. discharge from the ear
6. sigmoid - b. like the letter s

vii)
1. fusion - d. joining
2. asinine - b. like a monkey
3. enterotomy - f. surgical removal of an intestine
4. conscription - a. draft
5. impecunious - c. without money
6. verbose - e. talkative

Words of interesting origins (page 228)

1. On what scale does water freeze at 32° and boil at 212°?

- Fahrenheit
2. What do we call the substitution of “A well-boiled icicle’ for ‘a well-oiled bicycle’?
- Spoonerism
3. What do we call pants made of heavy denim, often blue?
- Levis
4. What do we call a common light meal consisting of a slice of cheese, ham, and so forth
between two slices of bread?
- Sandwich
5. On what scale does water freeze at 0° and boil at 100°?
- Celsius
6. What is the name of the system of printing for the blind?
- Braille
7. How would you describe a person who seemed hypnotically fascinated with something?
- Mesmerized
8. What do we call a hairdo in which the hair is brushed up high from the forehead?
- Pompadour
 9. What was the name of the scientist who created a monster?
- Frankenstein
10. What kind of a pig is a man who refuses women their proper rights?
- Chauvinistic

Easily Confused Words (Page 230)

1. John did his best to act the scholar; but whenever he got his book opened and his pipe lit he fell
asleep before he had spent even half an hour poring over his work.
2. You can't go out now; it's pouring cats and dogs.
3. You are the best American we have met; you have made a real attempt to adapt to our
customers.
4. Fred accepted the criticism gracefully.
5. They all respected Melvin because of the effort he had made to adapt to our customers of the
islanders.
6. I wish you would except employees over 60 from your annual picnic.

Latin Phrases (Page 231)

1. arbitrary statement by a person in power

2. by that very action
3. in good faith
4. toward the man
5. to the point at issue

1. Ipse dixit:

• Word-by-word translation: "He himself said"

• Modern meaning: An assertion or statement made by someone who expects it to be

accepted without question; an unsupported or dogmatic statement.

2. Ipso facto:

• Word-by-word translation: "By the fact itself"

• Modern meaning: By the very nature of the circumstances or action; as an inevitable

result or consequence.

3. Bona fide:

• Word-by-word translation: "In good faith"

• Modern meaning: Genuine, sincere, or made in good faith; without intention to deceive
or defraud.
4. Ad hominem:

• Word-by-word translation: "To the person"

• Modern meaning: Attacking or appealing to an individual's character, personal traits, or

circumstances rather than addressing the actual issue or argument.

5. Ad rem:

• Word-by-word translation: "To the matter/thing"

• Modern meaning: Pertaining or relevant to the matter or subject at hand; focusing on

the central or essential aspects of a topic or discussion.
Chapter 8

Review Exercises (Page 260)

1. agile - quick, nimble.

2. carcinogenic - causing cancer.
3. centrifuge - a device that separates substances by spinning them at high speeds.
4. fraction - a small portion or part.
5. fructiferous - bearing fruit or producing fruit.
6. geriatricians - medical doctors who specialize in the care of elderly people.
7. magnanimity - generosity, noble-mindedness.
8. omnipotent - having unlimited power or authority.
9. paternal - relating to a father or fatherhood.

Words of Interesting Origins (Page 260)

1. In a few hours the sails of our competitors had sunk below the horizon.
Language of origin: English
Etymological meaning: From Old English "sincan," meaning "to become submerged or go
down."
Modern meaning: To descend or go below the surface; to become lower or disappear from view.
2. The Russians are said to drink considerable amounts of vodka.
Language of origin: Russian (ultimately derived from Polish)
Etymological meaning: From Russian "vodka," meaning "little water" or "water."
Modern meaning: A strong distilled alcoholic beverage, typically made from fermented grains or
potatoes.
3. A drink made from fermented mash of grain is called whiskey in the United States and Ireland,
but whisky in Scotland.
Language of origin: Irish and Scottish Gaelic
Etymological meaning: From Irish "uisce beatha" and Scottish Gaelic "uisge beatha," meaning
"water of life."
Modern meaning: An alcoholic beverage made from fermented mash of grains, typically aged in
wooden casks.
4. Keith had adopted a sardonic attitude which was most unattractive.
Language of origin: Greek
Etymological meaning: From Greek "sardonios," meaning "of Sardinia" or "bitter or scornful
laughter."
Modern meaning: Mocking, cynical, or disdainfully humorous in a way that is often
characterized by a grim or derisive humor.
5. Everything seems to be OK now.
Language of origin: English
Etymological meaning: From Old English "all + swā," meaning "wholly or completely."
Modern meaning: Indicates that everything appears to be in a satisfactory or acceptable state at
the present moment.
Easily Confused Words (Page 261)

1. To descend that awful cliff was contrary to Brad’s volition.

2. You may pick up the suit as soon as we have made the necessary alteration.
3. Erika didn’t think Jack’s allusion to the weight she had gained was a bit funny.
4. You stand in violation of the lawn's restrictions.
5. We are all optimistic that we can continue the debate without further altercation.
6. When they entered the dimly lit hall, the illusion of being around a campfire in the mountains
was perfect.

Latin Phrases (Page 262)

1. Second self
2. with some reservation
3. at the point of death
4. time flies
5. from the library of (so-and-so)

1. alter ego

• Word-by-word translation: other self

• Modern meaning: A person's secondary or alternative personality, often used to refer to a close
friend or someone who shares similar characteristics.

2. cum grano salis

• Word-by-word translation: with a grain of salt

• Modern meaning: To take something with caution or skepticism, not accepting it completely or
literally.

3. in extremis

• Word-by-word translation: in extreme circumstances

• Modern meaning: At the point of death or in a critical situation; used to describe a situation
where someone is in extreme distress or danger.

4. tempus fugit

• Word-by-word translation: time flees

• Modern meaning: Time flies; a reminder of the passing of time and the fleeting nature of
moments.

5. ex libris

• Word-by-word translation: from the books of

• Modern meaning: A Latin phrase used to indicate ownership or origin of a book, typically found
on bookplates or inside book covers, indicating that the book belongs to a specific person or
collection.