irraliArra 7 74

IINMENIUMINAMLUIMOMEMMirif
••=0.60mraissionamaumeaminimaff#
Nwomenimmemeamonotasimmisagner
■mr,'
••..loftwimailongsmamari
,imagfts•molintimmommams-
.lasmtugmmass..--
-•••1_..
"tr
444:412:=1:=202

UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE

2017 MAY/JUNE EXAMINATIONS

Faculty : ENGINEERING

Department: ELECTRICAL

Paper Code and Title: EE307- POWER SYSTEMS

Duration: 3 HOURS

Examiner: MR T MAHACHI

Authorized materials: eg, Black or blue ink, pencil, mathematical instruments

and non-programmable electronic Calculator

INSTRUCTIONS:

1.This paper contains Seven 7( Seven) Questions

2. Answer 5 ( Five) Questions

3. Start each question on a new page

4. This question paper comprises 4 ( Four) printed pages

NB: DO NOT TURN OVER THE QUESTION PAPER OR COMMENCE WRITING UNTIL
INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

1
Question 1

a) Define the following terms as commonly used in power system studies:

(i) Plant factor,
(ii) Demand factor
(iii) Coincidence factor, and
(iv) Diversity factor. [8]
b) A network has a driving point impedance Z and is supplied by a sinusoidal current i(t).
The sinusoidal supply voltage v(t) leads the current by angle cl). Derive an expression for
the instantaneous power p(t)into the network in terms of the active power, P, and the
reactive power, Q. [121

Question 2

a) A 15 km long 3-phase overhead line delivers 5 MW at 11kV at a power factor of 0.8

lagging. Line loss is 12% of the power delivered. Line inductance is 1.1 mH per km per
phase. Calculate:

(i) Sending end voltage and regulation, [8]

(ii) Power factor of the load to make regulation zero, [2]

b) Determine the ABCD for the nominal rr model for a medium length transmission line
-with series impedance Z and shunt admittance Y. [10]

Question 3

A 100MVA, 33kV three phase generator has a reactance of 15%. The generator is connected to
three motors through a transmission line and two transformers as in fig Qu 3 below.

M1

0---1111111111-00 M2

G T1
Fig Qu3
T2
_ l M3

The parameters for the transformers, transmission line and motors are as given below:

T1 : 110MVA, A/Y, 32/110kV, 0.08pu

T2 : 110MVA, Y/A, 110/32kV, 0.08pu

Line : 600 series impedance

Ml: 40MVA, 30kV, 0.20pu; M2: 30MVA, 30kV, 0.20pu; M3: 20MVA, 30kV, 0.20pu.

2
Draw the per unit impedance diagram indicating all the per unit reactance values. Assume that
MVA base and kV base in the generator circuit are 100MVA and 33kV respectively. [20]

Question 4

a) Briefly outline three factors and conditions that affect corona loss. [3]
b) A three phase 220kV 50Hz 200km long transmission line consists of three stranded
aluminium conductors equilaterally spaced at 4.8m. The radius of each conductor is
1.0cm. Given that the breakdown strength of air is 21.1kV(rms)/cm and the surface
factor is 0.85, calculate
The disruptive critical voltage when the air temperature is 27° C and the
atmospheric pressure is 740kPa and comment on the result; [10]
(ii) The visual critical voltage for local corona given that the irregularity factor for
local visual corona is 0.72. [7]
Question 5

A 50MVA, 13.8kV, three phase, 50Hz generator has a synchronous reactance of 3 Ohm/phase
and is delivering, to an infinite bus, rated power at 0.85 p.f. lagging at rated terminal voltage.

a) Calculate the generated emf per phase and load angle, [9]
b) With the generated voltage held constant at value determined in (a) the driving torque
is reduced until the generator is delivering 22 MW. Calculate the armature current and
the power factor in this case, and [8]

c) If the generator is operating as in (a ), what is the maximum power that the generator
can deliver without losing synchronism? [3]
Question 6

a) The line currents, in Amperes, in a 3 phase supply to an unbalanced load are to = 10 +j20,
Ib = 12 — j10 and I = -3 — j5. The phase sequence is abc. Determine the sequence
components of the currents. [10]

b) Three 6.6KV, 12MVA, 3 phase alternators are connected to the same set of busbars. The
positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of each alternator are 15%, 12% and
4.5% respectively. Determine the fault current if a single line to ground fault occurs on
the busbars. Assume that all the generator neutrals are solidly grounded. [10]

Question 7

a) Outline the meaning of the following terms as used in protection

(i) Reliability
(ii) Stability
(iii) Discrimination, and
(iv) Sensitivity. [5]

3
 7

b) A 6.6 kV 10MVA star connected alternator has a reactance of 2 Ohms per phase. The
neutral earthing resistance is 5 Ohms. The generator is to be protected by Merz-Price
protection scheme. Determine the relay setting if only 10% of the winding is to remain
unprotected. [15]

END OF PAPER