1

GRAMMATICAL PROBLEMS ON SPEAKING PERFORMANCE FACED BY

THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF
KUTAI KARTANEGARA

Guzaini
Email: guzaini@g.mail.com
Kartika Puspandari
Email: kartikapuspandari@gmail.com
Kutai Kartanegara University

Abstract: This research is aimed to analyze grammatical problems in

speaking performance faced by the third semester students of English
Department of Kutai Kartanegara University. This study used a
descriptive design. The subject of this study was five students of the third
semester of English Department of Kutai Kartanegara University in
academic year 2018/2019. The instruments of this study were an
observation and a documentary study. The main tools to analyze the data
were illustrations, facts, features and statements. The research revealed
the following findings: Kinds of grammatical problems in speaking
performance faced by the third semester students of English Department
of Kutai Kartanegara were: (1) the absence of an item that must appear
in well-formed utterance, such as: omitting of a verb as in the sentence “I
hope we all in the good health.” (2) presence of an item which must not
appear in a well-formed utterances, such as: misadding of suffix –s, such
as in the phrase: “consider all things in around them” (3) the use of
wrong forms of grammatical items, such as misforming of verb as in the
clause: “that the smartphone have many benefit.” , (4) misplacing
grammatical items, for example: misplacing adjective, as in the clause:
“and friends all that I love.” In addition, the main characteristics of the
gramatical problems faced by the students were: misforming sentences,
misforming tense, misforming nouns, misforming verbs, misforming
adjectives, omitting preposition, misadding suffix –s, and misplacing
adjectives.
Keywords: grammar, problems, speaking performance

LANGUAGE is means for the members of community to communicate, interact, and to

cooperate their thoughts and feelings through a system or arbitary signals, such as voice
sounds, gestures, or written symbols in various forms used in each country.
English has been introduced since the first year of elementary school in indonesia,
but steel we can find that some students have difficulties in it. It can be understood, one
of the reason is because English and Indonesia have different backgrounds and rules in
the usage, so that the students on every level of education, only some of them can use
either English written or oral.

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The English skills, however, are supported by English components, they are:
Grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling. Thet is why the activities in the
teaching learning process are not only colored with the activities of speaking, listening,
reading or writing, but also the activities of learning some components which support
them.
In teaching English, students need to be given details of grammar rules if they learn
English successfully. Adherents of the communicative approach acknowledge that
grammar and vocabulary are important (Freeman, 2001). However, teaching the students
grammar and vocabulary are not enough to enable them to communicate, but they need
something else, that is the students need to practice the language. Teaching Grammar is
helpful for students to aware the grammatical facts.
Grammar is one of the components of English that should be mastered by the
students. Mastering English Grammar is obviously required by the students in order to
make them be able to use English Grammar in correct sentences. Grammar has important
role in language learning process. The ability of listening, reading, and writing will not
be perfect if they are not supported by mastering correct grammar.
In this research, the researcher focus on grammatical problem in speaking
performance when students speak. With a good grammar knowledge students can speak
or write rightly. Unfortunately, students which in this research are university students
,they often face the lack of grammar mastery, as the result they often make mistake in
building correct english word structure.
Referring to the explanation above, the researchers were interested in conducting a
research dealing with grammatical problems faced by the students, especially the students
of English Department of Kutai Kartanegara under the title of research: “Grammatical
problems in speaking performance faced by the third semester students of English
Department of Kutai Kartanegara University in academic year 2018/2019.”:

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1. Concept of Grammar
Literally, grammar is the study or the science of a language. It deals with rules to
combine words into sentences and the forms of words. In this connection, Hornby (2001)
states that grammar is one of language components as a tool of communication that needs
to develop of the students. In addition, Ur (2006) states that grammar is something
defined as the way of words are put together to make correct sentences. For examples in
English I am a student is grammatical, I student, and I are a student are not. In relation to
those statements, Hammer (2006) states if you ask the average Englishman about his
knowledge of grammar he will say he does not know any. What is meant by this, is that
he cannot tell you what rules of grammar are, or how English works grammatically.
However, a native speaker has, somewhere in his brain, a set of grammar rules
which he can use to make sentences. The function of the rule of grammar is to frame
vocabulary. If we supply different vocabulary into same rule-frame, we get completely
different sentence. What is taught to the students, of course, is not the structure in
isolation. A teacher teaches the rules and its relationship with sounds, words, phrases,
clauses, and context. Therefore, what actually a teacher presents to his students in the
classroom is grammar. To support this idea, the researcher argues that grammar consists

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of various rules of lexical, phonology, syntax, and semantic. Teaching English is not
merely to teach word formation. It deals with the sound, meaning, word order, and their
relationship withcontext. To apply the rules of each aspect, obviously teachers start with
structure. It is the reason that teachers consider that what they are teaching are structure.
With this in mind, it is suggested that the teaching of structure be replaced into teaching
of grammar. In addition, Nunan (2003) describes the grammatical aspects delaing with:
(1) Sentence (2) Noun, (3) Verb, (4) Adjective, (5) Adverb, (6) Preposition, (7) Tenses.
To clarify the sentence theories, it is better for the researcher to describe the definition
and types of sentences as in the following description.

2. Concept of Problem
The word problem is defined as a “gap” by Hornby (2001) and it refers to the
distance of understanding a matter. In teaching and learning perspective, problem refers
to the difficulty, constrain, or barrier in which the learner cannot understand a topic to be
taught by the teacher or the topic to learned by the students. Referring to the above idea,
problem can be defined as the difficulties faced by the students when they are learning a
topic. The problems can be in the terms of understanding the concept, formulating the
patterns, and implementing the rules into practice. In the perspective of learning foreign
language, Brown in Richards and Renandya (2002) posits the problems into two
categories error and mistake. Errors refer to the imperfect mastery on the formal
knowledge of language. It covers with rules and patterns of the language or the grammar
of the language. Mistakes refer to the real practice of implementing the rules of the
language. Since error refers to the knowledge of the rules, it is called as performance
error, and the real practice of implementing the rules is called as competence error, and
the real practice of implementing the rules is called as performance error.
Competence refers to how much a learner master the formal knowledge of a
language. Performance refers to the way to use the rule in real situation. It is related to
the external factors, such as fatigue, slip, or boredness. Further, Sadtono (2005) points
out that problem in learning English vary differently from its skills and components.
English skills refer to listening, speaking, reading, and writing. While, English
components deal with grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and fluency. In addition,
problems of listening which focuses on familiarly on sounds, fluency, and speed will be
different from problems on reading which more focuses on the mastery of the reading
contents.
With the definition into account, problems might deal with the mastery of rules of
grammar, understanding pattern of sentences, lack of vocabulary, and their use in
structuring words to words or sentences to sentences. The objects of problems are of
illformedness sentences or utterances produced by the students. illformedness sentences
are correct structure of sentences for English writing. Similarly, illformedness of
utterances are incorrect sentences product through speaking.
Referring to the illustration above, the researcher points out that problem of this
study refers to the difficulty, constrain, or barrier faced by the third semester students of
Kutai Kartanegara University to fix an appropriate grammar aspects for an appropriate
context in constructing narrative paragraph. Kinds of difficulties can be expressed in
terms of ungrammatical construction of nominal sentences or verbal sentences as a result

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of misunderstanding or misinformation of the rules in constructing a good speaking

performance.
3. Concept of Speaking
Speaking is spontaneous expression to perform something. According to Hornby
(2001), speaking means make use of language in ordinary, not a singing, voice. Speaking
is all separate mood of performance. It can be stated that speaking is making use of
language in ordinary. Speaking can also be stated as all separate mood of performance. In
further discussion relating to speaking, Funk and Wegnal (2000) state that speech is the
faculty of expression thought and emotion by words. It is a part of speaking that points
out to ability of spoken language by using words and expression in communication.
Speech is primarily medium thought which person affects their society and are affected
by their society. The ability to communicate with members of the social group is crucial
to group belonging and interpersonal relationship. So, from the definitions above, it is
known that speech is an important tool of communication in the life of social group. In
addition, communication means; not merely to speak but also say something.
In further discussion on speaking, Harris (2004) states that speaking performance is
primarily as a process of signaling system of English, involving: pronunciation,
grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension for oral communication. All of them
must be organized in order to have a good speaking performance. The points are
discussed one by one below.

a. Pronunciation
Hornby (2001) is the act of pronouncing words or the way a word is sounded. It
means that pronunciation refers to the human speech organs because when we speak, we
produce a stream of sounds through the mouth. Pronunciation is the act of manner of
pronouncing words, any accepted or standard pronunciation of a word, the representation
in phonemic symbol of making the sounds of syllables, words or the way in which a
word is sounded, the phonemic transcription of the way in which a word should be
pronounced. From the definition above, the researcher concludes that pronunciation is
the act of manner of pronouncing words, the way in which a word is sounded, or the
phonemic transcription of the way in which a word should be pronounced.
In addition, pronunciation includes vowels, consonants, and diphthong. Vowels are
sounds produced with the mouth open, so the air stream can pass freely through the
mouth without any friction. Consonants are the sounds produced by a complete closure
or partial stoppage of the air stream. And diphthongs are sounds composed of two vowels
pronounced in close succession within the limits of a syllable.

b. Grammar
Literally, grammar is the study or the science of a language. It deals with rules to
combine words into sentences and the forms of words. And, the structure is the way in
which word is put together or organized in well order. Linguistically, the term of
grammar was first used by Plate (400 Before Chirst). According to Plato, the word
grammar is derived from the Greek word ‘grammar’ which means to be able to read and
write. ‘Grammatikos’ in Greek, therefore refers to a person who is able to understand the
uses of letters of a language. In addition to Plato, grammar is divided into four kinds.

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Wahab (1995) elaborates the four aspect, they are: lexical, phonology, syntax, and
semantics. Lexical concerns with the meanings of, sounds, structures, and either
relationship with other words. Phonology is study of sound in a language in relation with
the structure of the sound to form words. Syntax is a study to sentence formation. It deals
with ways to forms sentences from words of a language. And semantics is the study of
meaning, how words are organized to form meanings.
With this in view, the researcher points that grammar consists of four aspects:
lexical, phonology, syntax, and semantic. As it consists of a broader area, grammar
focuses the study on the overall aspects of a language. Within every aspect of grammar
there are certain rules to form its structure.
In relation to above statement, Hammer (2006) states that if you ask the average
Englishman about his knowledge of grammar he will say he doesn’t know any. What is
meant by this, is that he cannot tell you what rules of grammar are, or how English works
grammatically. However, a native speaker has, somewhere in his brain, a set of grammar
rules which he can use to make sentences. The function of the rule of grammar is to
frame vocabulary. If we supply different vocabulary into the same rule frame, we get
completely different sentences. To be more specifically, the meaning of grammar the
researcher quotes other authors, such as Lewis and Sick (2003) who define grammar as
part of the studying of language which deals with forms and structures (syntax).
Furthermore, they state that grammar is the nomenclature of language, grammar is not a
collection of terms, but one must learn the terms in order to communicate with other
people about language skills. Grammar refers to is an arrangement of words in phrases
and sentences into a set of patterns which has larger meaning to communicate to other
people.

c. Vocabulary
The concepts of vocabulary are imperious to state before stepping for further
discussion. For each expert of English may have his own definition. The following
definitions of vocabulary are surely supposed to have tightly interrelated connections of
opinion and support each other. Carter (2009) defines that vocabulary is the content and
function words of a language which learned so through that they become a part child
understanding, speaking and later reading, and writing. In further discussion He adds that
vocabulary is a word having meaning when heard or seen even though not produced by
the individual himself to communicate with others. Anther definition of vocabulary is
given by Hornby (2001). He states that vocabulary is a total number of words which
(rules for combining them) make up language, and vocabulary is (range of words) known
to, or used by, a person in tradition, profession, etc.It can also be stated that vocabulary
is a range of words of a language of particular class and profession. This statement
emphasizes that vocabulary is not only words we use in real situation which we find
ourselves in variation of our life, but also words that arise from particular circumstances
of life and work. Briefly, it can be stated that vocabulary is a total number of words or a
range of words in the forms of content and function words of a language in particular
class known to or used by a person in tradition, profession, etc. Vocabulary also means a
word having meaning when heard or seen even though not produced by the individual
himself in communication with others.

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d. Fluency
To clarify the meaning of fluency, the researcher quotes the definition of fluency as
it is given by Hornby (2001). He states that fluency is can speak smoothly and readily.
Another definition given by Lonergan (2004) that fluency is the ability of the learner to
assessable the various bits and pieces of language system at skill in order to meet the
demands of a particular situations. It can be concluded that fluency is the capability to
speak smoothly and readily to assessable the various bits and pieces of language system
in a particular situation.

e. Comprehension
Lonergan (2004) describes that comprehension for oral communication is the
ability to understand conversational English, or the ability to listen and understand
quickly. The understanding knowledge of oral English is important to the learners of
English so that they should not have much difficulty in understanding to make
conversation at the normal speed.

RESEARCH METHOD
This study used a descriptive design. The subject of this study was five students of
the third semester of English Department of Kutai Kartanegara University in academic
year 2018/2019. The instruments of this study were an observation and a documentary
study. Relying on descriptive qualitative study, the main tools to analyze the data were
illustrations, facts, features and statements. To support the illustrations, it was also used
table and numbers.
To analyze the data, the researcher used two models of analysis in the first model,
the researcher checks the reading texts of the English textbook. Then, the researcher
identified each noun phrase that the researcher found in reading text of English textbook
for the eleventh grade students of senior high school. The data also were analyze on
feature in each type structure of noun phrase to show the structures of noun phrase. This
analysis data is relevant to a model analysis from Miles and Huberman (1994) who state
that the activities to analyze the qualitative data consist of three concurrent flows
activity: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/ verification.

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

Findings on grammatical problems found on the students voice records were used
to answer the research question that read as: “What are the grammatical problems in
speaking performance faced by the third semester students English Department of Kutai
Kartanegara University in academic year 2018/2019?”
The findings on grammatical problems in speaking performance were presented as
in the following scripts:

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Script of the student 1:

The Importance of Education Now

The honorable, my lecture, and my beloved friends, good morning. First of all,
thank you for having me here in this fine and joyfull morning. I hope we all in the good
health. Today I would convey in the importance of education in my short speak. On
many occasions we hear the term education, but what is education? How importance is
education to our country and ourselves as students?
Well, to answer the first question, education refers to a proces by which a person
develops their skills, attitudes and values. Many times we associate this term with the
school, however we must also take into account that education is not exclusive to this
institution, but also it is up to the family and even to the friendships with whom we live
together day by day, that is why we can say that “men can get to impruve each other.”
There is a phrase that I like very much and I find it very true. If the people of a country
care about the education, it shows that they love their nation. It is said that in order for a
country to prosper it needs education, but why?
The honorable audiences, we study not to go to the graduation ceremony and hang
our picture on the wall of our house, much less to show off to our friends. we study to
practice and to acquire knowledge, and those two then will prepare us to the real life
situation. Education brings us too many benefits, such as confidence in ourselves,
freedom to decide, conscience as a whole, help us to improve ourselves, to feel fulfilled,
to feel that we are something in life and that we have an end for which to live. But this is
not the only satisfy that education gives us, but with it we achieve a better quality of life;
When we want to buy a dress, shoes, food, or anything else, we need a work, which
currently is not so easy to find and less if we don’t have an adequate education.
It is said that the future of our country is in the hands of the children and as the
children in this country, we must try hard to achieve that. That is why today I invite all
the audiences here to reflect on the importance of education. We have to take advantage
of this chance to be able to go to school to study. We must appreciate the effort that our
parents make to send us to school, and think that there are many children who would like
to study but for many reason they can not do it.
Finally, ask ourselves: without effort and education, how do we want to improve
ourselves? How do we want to live better? In short, how do we want a better country?.
Therefore, education is an important part of our life as well as an essential part to
develop a better future for the country. So this is the end of my speech today. I hope
some of the points that I have conveyed today make us more appreciate of our chance to
be able to have the education at school and make us study more dilligently for both our
country’s and our own future. thank you for the attention. Good day.
Script of the student 2:
The Environment

Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb. Before I begin to deliver this speech, I will like to invite
you to thank to Allah the Almighty, who has given us mercy and blessing, so we can

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meet together in this blessing place. And also let’s deliver Sholawat and Salam to our
prophet Muhammad SAW, who has brought us from the darkness to the brightness.
The environment is one of the life support that is around us. Maintaining our
environment will give something good for us.
Environment where we live is very important for us. Why? Becuse, our
environment is the place where we do all of our activities. That’s why we need to keep
our environment clean and comfortable. Keeping the environment can be started from
small things like, throwing rubbish in its place, cleaning our homes and much more.
Nowadays, the awareness of maintaining cleanliness of the environment is very
concern. There are so many people that don’t realize the important of environment. They
keep throwing rubbish not in proper place. They also cutting trees without doing the
reforestation. Those action make our environment getting worse.
Ladies and gentleman, in this good occasion I would like to ask all of you to keep
our environment to be in good condition. Therefore, let’s us start from the very little
thing: throwing rubbish in its place.
That is all my speech. I hope my brief speech about the environment will be useful
for us. I am sorry for some mistakes. Thank you very much for your attention.

Script of the student 3:

Smart phone

Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb.First of all, lets pray and thanks to Allah Subhanallahu

wata’ala, who has given us strong, mercies and blessing, so we can attend this program
without any obstacle. Second, peace and salutation to our prophet Muhammad Shalallahu
Alaihi Wassalam, who has brought us from the darkness to the lightness with full of
cleverness like today.
My beloved parents and friends. This era is full of technology; one of the
technologies that we find now is Smartphone. But do you know how to use Smartphone?
(ok, ok, I know) the meaning of how to use smartphone is not like you turn on your
smartphone, but the right way to use it. Control it. Manage it. Use the time for playing
smartphone. Because almost anyone who using smartphone, forget about how many time
they spend for playing it.
My beloved parents and friends. We know that the smartphone have many benefit
for us, for example there are so many good application in smartphone. But this
technology also has so many negative effects, for example forget the time, break our
eyes, can disturb our relationship to family, friends and other people. Moreover when
you drive a car or motorcycle, it’s forbidden to use smartphone, because it’s very danger.
In my experience, when I met my family or friends after school, they are very busy
with their smartphone except me. It because I don’t have smartphone. I really
disappointed with this condition.
My beloved parents and friends. In my opinion, we as social creature should
decrease our time to use smartphone. Use it if it’s very very important. It’s better for us
to chat with our family, friends and other people or do a useful activity, go vacation and
so on.

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The last, I want to say that smartphone like a weapon. It can help us to reach our
dream or it can kill us and other people.
I think enough for my speech, I am sorry if I made mistake. I do this not because of
compulsory but just want to make my mom and dad happy. Thanks mom and dad, thank
you for your time to attend this program here. I hope this speech can make us realize.
Script of the student 4:
Teenager Now Days

Firstly, Let us say thanks to Allah SWT, which has given grace, guidance and His
blessing to us, so that we can gather in this room, without hindrance of any. Our
Sholawat and greeting always deliver on our Uswah, the Great Prophet Muhammad,
which has brought us from the dark ages to the age-lit.
All of my friends whom I respect and friends all that I love and I’m proud.
As we know and realize today is so much going on so-called juvenile delinquency.
Various negative or deviant acts committed by teenagers seem to be considered by them
as mediocre and some even consider it as an honor. They say it shows a symbol of
courage. This is very alarming.
This is a social problem that is infecting our youth today that deviant behavior is
often referred to juvenile delinquency.
The cause of the problem of juvenile delinquency can vary. Could be due to one of
the parents in how to educate or parents who too busy with work. Also be due to
incorrect choice of friends / milieu that can cause’s falling in with the wrong crowd.
There is a feeling in the lives of teens that have a lot of friends is a form of the plume.
Perhaps once we have a lot of friends as long as we have to be good at picking
against which the behavior of friends is wrong and which behavior are good and true
friend.
There are countless number of different kinds of deviant behavior as teens begin to
recognize cigarettes and drugs that initially only try but it would make sense to try us
become addicted so hard to quit smoking or drug dependence, which causes us to wean
sakau and the should the way in rehabilitation (for drug addicts). And many more
teenagers deviant behaviors such as entering a motorcycle gang, like fights, drunkenness
etc.
Let’s stay away from these deviant behaviors because it is self-inflicted, should we
use our teenage years with positive things and also beneficial for themselves, parents and
also the nation.

Script of Students 5:
Drugs Problem

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb Honorable ones the juries, the participant of English

speech contest, and all audiences.
Before I begin to give a speech, I would like to invite you to thank to Allah the
Almighty, Who has given us Mercy and Blessing, so we can meet together in this place.

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And let’s deliver sholawat and salam to our prophet Muhammad SAW, Who has brought
us from the darkness to the brightness, so we are always in the right path.
Ladies and gentlemen, Drug? What is that? I am sure you all already know, and
may be better than me about what drug is and what the advantages and disadvantages are.
Drugs actually are medicine for anesthetize patients in surgery. But that perception was
misapplied by some people.
Drugs have been misapplied by some people for a long time. Some people which
use drugs beyond the medical treatment consider that drugs can make them feel better
when they facing some problems , make them feel easy to find a new brilliant ideas or
just for a pleasure.
I am sure you will never forget the accident in Tugu Tani, Jakarta, when a drugs
user, Apriliani, drove her car with high speed and hit the pedestrians in a Tugu Tani bus
stop. The recent tragedy in Pondok Indah where a man with the influence of drugs drove
his car and hit many people on the road is another example. It obviously proofs that in
the effect of drugs, hallucination of the drugs user is bigger than other normal people.
They cannot distinguish between the real world and the hallucination world and consider
all things in around them are like a dream and not real.
The effect of drugs is not only dangerous for drugs user themselves but also people
surrounding. For the users, drugs are so risky because they may lead to overdoses,
HIV/AIDS and brain or mental damage. Drugs are also dangerous for the people
surrounding as it has already mentioned above. The dangers of consuming drugs open
our eye that the usage of drugs beyond the medical treatments is profitless. Because
drugs just lead us in the destruction for the users themselves and for other people
surrounding.
Last, I hope this speech can be motivation to stay away from drug.
WasalamualaikumWr. Wb.
Based on the scripts above, the researcher classify the students’ grammatical
problems on speaking performance made by the students into grammar items which can
be seen as in the following table:

Table 1 Samples of Students’ Grammatical Errors in Speaking Performace

Number of Type of Grammar
Samples of Grammatical Problems
Students Problems
Student 1 I hope we all in the good health omitting verb
Today I would convey misforming tense
in my short speak misforming noun
we hear the term education omitting preposition
How importance is education to our country misforming sentence and
and ourselves as students? omitting preposition
to impruve each other misforming verb
It is said that in order for a country to prosper misforming sentence
there are many children who would like to misusing tense
study
In short, how do we want a better country? omitting verb
I have conveyed today misusing tense

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Student 2 I will like to invite you misusing auxiliary verb

one of the life support misusing verb
from small things like adding suffix -s
of maintaining cleanliness of the misforming noun
the important of environment misusing adjective
They keep throwing rubbish not in proper misforming sentence
place

Continuation...
They also cutting trees without doing the misforming sentence
reforestation
Those action make our environment getting misforming adjective,
worse. noun and verb
throwing rubbish in its place misusing preposition
Student 3 anyone who using smartphone misforming verb
forget about how many time misforming adjective
many time they spend for playing it misusing adjective
that the smartphone have many benefit misforming verb
so many good application misforming noun
for example forget the time, break our eyes, misforming verb
can disturb
for example forget the time, break our eyes, misforming verb
can disturb
when I met my family or friends after misusing tense
school, they are very busy with their
smartphone
I am sorry if I made mistake misusing tense
I do this not because of compulsory misforming sentence
Student 4 from the dark ages to the age-lit misusing verb
and friends all that I love misplacing of adjective
This is a social problem that is infecting our misusing tense
youth
Could be due to one of the parents omitting noun
parents who too busy with work omitting verb
Also be due to incorrect choice of friend omitting noun
which behavior are good and true friend misusing verb
sakau and the should the way in omitting noun
rehabilitation
And many more teenagers deviant behaviors omitting verb
such as entering a motorcycle gang, like
fights, drunkenness etc
these deviant behaviors because it is self- misforming noun
inflicted
Student 5 I am sure you all already know misforming tense

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when they facing some problems misforing verb

a new brilliant ideas misforming noun
drove his car and hit many people misforming verbs
consider all things in around them adding suffix -s
The effect of drugs is not only dangerous for misforming sentence
drugs user themselves but also people
surrounding
as it has already mentioned above misforming noun
the usage of drugs beyond misforming noun
Because drugs just lead us in the destruction misforming sentence
for the users themselves and for other people
surrounding
Data Sources: Script 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

DISCUSSION
As mentioned on chapter I, the main question of the research is: “What are the
grammatical problems in speaking performance faced by the third semester students
English Department of Kutai Kartanegara University in academic year 2018/2019?”
To answer the research question, 5 research subjects were observed when they
delivered their speeches, and the results were stated in terms of illustrations, facts or
features and statements. To support the illustration it was also used tables and numbers.
Students’ grammatical problems on speaking perfomance ranged from misforming
sentences, misforming tense, misforming nouns, misforming verbs, misforming
adjectives, omitting preposition, misadding suffix –s, and misplaing adjectives. In every
kind of grammatical problems, it indicated that misforming verbs was the focal
problems. Students did not understand well about the rules of the usages of verbs so that
they used one rule to application of all other rules.
Taken data into accoount, the findings of the research indicated the same features
of error analysis. Characteristics of the students’ grammatical problems were: (1) the
absence of an item that must appear in well-formed utterance, such as: omitting of a verb
as in the sentence “I hope we all in the good health.” (2) presence of an item which must
not appear in a well-formed utterances, such as: misadding of suffix –s, such as in the
phrase: “consider all things in around them” (3) the use of wrong forms of grammatical
items, such as misforming of verb as in the clause: “that the smartphone have many
benefit.” , (4) misplacing grammatical items, for example : misplacing adjective, as in the
clause: “and friends all that I love.”
In addition, the main finding was the students were implementing incomplete
knowledge on grammar in speaking performance as a result of imperfectness of
understanding the grammar rules. The main characteristics of the gramatical probles
were: misforming sentences, misforming tense, misforming nouns, misforming verbs,
misforming adjectives, omitting preposition, misadding suffix –s, and misplaing
adjectives.
After selecting and classifying the grammatical problems in speaking performance
faced by the students, the researcher found some interpretation as follows: (1) Simple
Generalization: Students’ growing competence about the rules of the language was tried

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to apply to any sentences. Since they understand only limited rules they took
overgeneralization to any types of tenses they spoke. This causes students apply one rule
to any tenses. Consequently, they put plural nouns for singular nouns, such as: “consider
all things in around them.” instead of : “consider the thing in around them”; (2) Mother
Tongue Interference: Most of all the nature of grammatical problems came from the
interferences of the mother tongue. It clearly seems that the students try to confirm the
mother tongue rules into English rules. A similar form of Indonesian grammar items and
English grammaritems but they are different in nature often makes the students take for
granted to translate. So, the students speak: “and friends all that I love”, instead of “and
all friends that I love.”; (3) Unconscious of Applying Rules of Language: The students
are in far from conscious of applying the rules of grammar in speaking. This is due to the
nature of English and Indonesian rules of grammar are quite different. Indonesian
sentences do not distinguish conjugation of the verbs into singular and plural, and also
tenses. Thus, the students speak: “that the smartphone have many benefit.” instead of:”
that the smartphone has many benefit.” The same problem the students made, such as in
utterance:” I am sure you all already know.” instead of:” I am sure you all have already
known.”
Based on the above discussion, it is clearly needed the program of remedial for the
lectures to give students more practice and correction. Since the most interferences come
from the mother tongue, it is necessary to contrast both rules of grammar as simple as
possible to make students conscious in using grammatical items in speaking
performance.

CONLUSION
Based on the purpose of the study, research findings, and data analysis procedures
stated previously, the following conclusions are presented.
1. Kinds of grammatical problems in speaking performance faced by the third semester
students of English Department of Kutai Kartanegara were: (1) the absence of an item
that must appear in well-formed utterance, such as: omitting of a verb as in the
sentence “I hope we all in the good health.” (2) presence of an item which must not
appear in a well-formed utterances, such as: misadding of suffix –s, such as in the
phrase: “consider all things in around them” (3) the use of wrong forms of
grammatical items, such as misforming of verb as in the clause: “that the smartphone
have many benefit.” , (4) misplacing grammatical items, for example: misplacing
adjective, as in the clause: “and friends all that I love.”
2. The main characteristics of the gramatical problems faced by the students were:
misforming sentences, misforming tense, misforming nouns, misforming verbs,
misforming adjectives, omitting preposition, misadding suffix –s, and misplacing
adjectives.

SUGGESTIONS
The suggestion was developed based on the scope and limitation of the study and the
significance of the study. Suggestions were addressed to people involved in teaching learning
English at English Department of Kutai Kartanegara University, such as English lectures and
students of English Department.

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1. Naturally, Indonesian language and English have difference in system of grammar, and the
difference of the two languages caused the major problems in learning English. It is
suggested the English lectures make a contrastive analysis between Indonesian language and
English, especially in speaking performance in order to identify the similarities and the
differences systems in grammar of those languages. By this way, the English lectures will be
able to program remedial teaching in various strategies to make the students get a clear
understanding of grammatical usages in speaking performance
2. To reduce students’ problems on grammar usages in each type of grammar items, the English
lectures is suggested to give students drills and exercises which support the stress on error
correction, and the materials should be repeated to show the students’ weakness.
3. The students are supposed to improve their competence on grammar, especially on tenses,
sentences, verbs, adjectives, nouns, suffixes as much time outside the school as possible,
where they altogether may acquire useful conventions on the English grammar. The students
should aware that grammar usages was really serious learning problems, and they have to
pay specially attention to which type of grammar item is the most serious problems to learn.

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