ACIDS

AND

TONY COLOMA SCIENCE 7

BASES
 OBJECTIVES
 Describe the physical and chemical properties of acids and
bases?
 Determine the uses of acids and bases in real life
 Use pH scale to measure the acid/base level of a material
How tell which is an acid
and which is a base?
 pH Scale

 pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a

solution is. (pondus hydrogenii )
 The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
 Acidic solutions have pH values below 7
 A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
 A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
 Pure water has a pH of 7.
 Basic solutions have pH values above 7.
Where do we
find Acids
and Bases?
But first…
what is an
acid?
• An acid is a
solution that
has an excess of
Hydrogen (H+
ions).

• The more H+
ions, the more
acidic the
solution.
Substances that
donate hydrogen
ions, H+, to form
hydronium ions,
H3O+, when
dissolved in water
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
1. Tastes Sour
2. Conducts Electricity
3. Corrosive
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
4. Some acids react strongly with
metals.
5. Turns blue litmus paper red
6. Neutralizes base
WEAK
ACIDS

STRONG
ACIDS
WEAK ACIDS STRONG ACIDS

 Do not ionize  Ionize and conduct

completely electricity well
 pH is (4-6)  pH is very low (0-3)
 Do not releases all H+  Releases all H+ ions to
ions the solution
USES OF ACIDS
Acetic Acid
Citric Acid
Ascorbic acid
Production of fertilizers,
steel, paints, and
plastics
 Production of
chlorides, and dye
Explosives
Car batteries
Sodas
Flavorings
WHAT
ARE
BASES?
A base…
1. Is substances that form hydroxide
ions (OH-) ions when in water
A base…
2. is also called an Alkali
3. accept H+ ions
 PROPERTIES OF A BASE

Feel Slippery
Taste Bitter
Corrosive
Can conduct electricity
Do not react with metals.
Turns red litmus paper blue
WEAK BASES STRONG BASES

 Ionize almost
 do not completely completely
ionize  Conduct electricity well
DID YOU HEAR
ANYTHING ABOUT
SALTS?
A salt is a neutral substance produced
from the reaction of an acid and a base.
Composed of the negative ion of an acid
and the positive ion of a base.
One of the products of a Neutralization
Reaction
Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4
Neutralization
Reaction
 A neutralization
reaction is the
reaction of an acid
with a base to
produce salt and
water.

H2SO4 + NaOH  NaHSO4 + H2O