APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS

CALCULUS ON TUMOR GROWTH ANALYSIS

Presented by
Md Sayham
ID : 0242310005101255
 How does Calculus Apply?
1. Tumor Growth Modeling
2. Rate of tumor growth
3. Treatment planning
4. Response assessment
 Tumor Growth Modelling
• Population Dynamics: Tumor growth can be conceptualized as A population of cancer
cells. The principles of population dynamics can be applied to model how this population
changes over time.
• Exponential Growth: In the early stages of tumor development, cancer cells often grow
exponentially. This means that the rate of growth is proportional to the current size of the
tumor. Mathematically, this can be represented as a differential equation:
𝑑𝑁
= rN ; r is the growth rate of the tumor, N is the size of the tumor at time t.
𝑑𝑡

• Logistic Growth: As the tumor grows and the available resources (such as nutrients and
space) become limited, exponential growth may slow down.
𝑑𝑁 𝑁
= rN * (1 − ) ; K is the carrying capacity, representing the maximum size the tumor
𝑑𝑡 𝐾
can reach in its environment.
• Treatment and Tumor Shrinkage: If a patient undergoes treatment (e.g., Chemotherapy
or radiation therapy), it can be modeled as A negative growth rate term.
𝑑𝑁 𝑁
= rN * (1 − ) − αN ; α represents the treatment induced shrinking rate.
𝑑𝑡 𝐾
 Rate of Tumor Growth
Calculating the rate of tumor growth using calculus involves determining the derivative of
the tumor volume with respect to time. In this model, the tumor volume (V) increases
exponentially with time (t) according to the formula:

V(t) = V0 * ekt
Where: V(t) is the tumor volume at time t, V0 is the initial tumor volume at t = 0, k is the
growth rate constant, e is the base of the natural logarithm, approximately 2.71828.

To find the rate of tumor growth, we'll take the derivative of V(t) with respect to time (t):
𝑑𝑉 𝑑 kt
= [ V0 * e ]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Using the chain rule of differentiation, we get:

𝑑𝑉
= V0 * k * ekt
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉
Now, you have the rate of tumor growth ( 𝑑𝑡 ) as a function of time (t) and the growth rate
constant (k). The rate of growth is proportional to the current tumor volume (V) and the
growth rate constant (k).
 Treatment Planning
Tumor Growth Modeling: Calculus is used to model the growth of tumors over time.
Differential equations, particularly ordinary differential equations (ODEs), are employed to
describe how tumors expand, which helps in predicting their future size and behavior.

Radiation Therapy: Calculus is utilized in radiation therapy to optimize the delivery of

radiation to the tumor while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. This process involves
solving partial differential equations (PDEs) to model the distribution of radiation in tissues,
ensuring that the tumor receives the necessary dose while sparing surrounding structures.

Image Processing and Analysis: Calculus is applied in medical imaging for the analysis of
images, such as CT scans, MRI, and PET scans. Techniques like edge detection, image
segmentation, and feature extraction often involve calculus to identify and delineate tumor
boundaries, measure tumor volume, and monitor changes in tumor size and shape.

Dose Calculation: Calculus is used to calculate the dose of radiation that should be delivered
to the tumor. This involves solving differential equations that describe how radiation is
deposited in tissues, ensuring that the prescribed dose is accurately delivered to target area.
 Response Assessment
Rate of Change of Tumor Size: Calculus can help calculate the rate at which a tumor is
growing or shrinking. By measuring the tumor's size at multiple time points and using
calculus, you can determine its growth rate.

Derivative of Tumor Volume: Tumor volume can be described as a function of time, V(t).
Taking the derivative, dV/dt, gives you the rate of change of tumor volume with respect to
time. If dV/dt is positive, the tumor is growing; if negative, it's shrinking.

Maximum Growth Rate: Calculus can help identify the point in time when the tumor's
growth rate was at its maximum. This can be valuable in understanding the tumor's
aggressiveness.

Inflection Points: Calculus can identify inflection points in the tumor growth curve, which
represent points of significant change in the growth rate. These inflection points may
correspond to critical treatment responses.

Optimal Treatment Time: By analyzing the rate of change of the tumor size, calculus can
help determine the optimal time to assess treatment effectiveness or when to adjust
treatment protocols.
 THANK YOU
"YOU JUST HAVE TO PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT PEOPLE NEED AND WHAT HAS NOT
BEEN DONE.“
- RUSSEL SIMMMONS