Oe a oun? | ee aac FEATURES Work in pairs. Look at the photo and the caption. Circle the phrase you think best describes the photo. Unlikely friends Two animals that enjoy each other's company a faithful companion blood relatives a strong bond a passing acquaintance —-mutualrespect_ an odd couple Hil Listen to three people talking about important The selfie generation 9 relationships in their lives. Write the number of the speaker ‘Changing attitudes among, (1, 2, and 3) next to the person they are talking about. today’s millennials : brother.in-law colleague roommate Bloodlines ‘grandparent husband old friend Two accounts of how family has shaped people's lives Work and discuss the questions (1-3). pairs. Look at these sayings about relationships (a-d) Lady Liberty and Ellis a “Blood is thicker than water.” Island b “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” A video about immigration © “Like father, like son.” to the USA d_ "No man is an island.” 1 What does each saying mean? Can you think of any examples s experience that 1ow these sayings are true Do you have any similar sayings in your language? What other: language? Can you translate them? yings are there about relationships in yourdescribing character Work in pairs. Look at the adjectives in the box below and discuss: 1 which adjectives are positive, which are negative, and which could be either. 2. which make pairs of opposites. 3. which adjectives you think describe you. considerate dependable laid-back outgoing serious shy energetic selfish unreliable playful Work in pairs. Look at the photo and say: 1 where these animals are normally found (ina 200, 8 pets, in the wild). 2 what the characteristics of each animal are. IFA Work in pairs, Listen to an excerpt from a radio program. What unlikely things do Suryia and Roscoe do together? BFA Listen again. Work in pairs and answer the questions, What is uncommon between different species? How do dogs usually feel about apes? How is Suryia’s character described? What shared need is met in their relationship? Sc Peet ee Eo Ce Loris Tees present tenses: simple, continuous, and perfect PRESENT TENSES: SIMPLE, CONTINUOUS, and PERFECT Simple present Suryia lives with his keepers. Most dogs avoid apes Each day, the dog comes into the compound. Present continuous 10s clear they are having the time of ther lives. His understanding of the dog is growing day by day. This week, we're looking at animal friendships. Present perfect (simple and continuous) The story of Surya has attracted alot of interest. They have recognized a basic social need in each other Recently, he has been spending time with a local dog. They've been doing this every day since they fist met. For more information and practice, see page 156. Look at the grammar box. Match the tenses with the uses below. Write SP for simple present, PC for present continuous, and PP for present perfect. 1 for something happening at or around the time of speaking, including changing situations for something seen as permanent or unchanging, including facts or habits and routines for something that started in the past and continues into the present; or for a past event that has an impact on the present6 Work in pairs. Match each sentence in the grammar box with the specific uses described in Exercise 5 Suryia lives with his keepers. = a fact 7 Look at the examples of the present perfect in the grammar box. Which form (simple or continuous) ‘generally expresses or emphasizes prolonged or repeated activity? 8 Circle the correct options to complete the text about animal friendships Lately, there ' are / have been a number of Videos on YouTube showing unlikely animal friends. Lots of people? discuss / have been discussing a particular video that shows a dog making friends with an elephant. Elephants often ® show / are showing concern for other elephants in their social group, but this video shows an extraordinary scene where the elephant becomes upset when the dog gets injured, The dog “ has recovered / has been recovering now, and the two animals are always together. The question scientists ® now ask / are now asking is: Is this behavior normal, or do we just want it to be? No ‘one ® has provided / has been providing a definite answer, but it seems some animals are just naturally sociable. Others, like giant pandas, "live /are living more independent and solitary lives. 9 Complete the sentences (I-7). Use the correct present tense of the verbs in parentheses. Use contractions where possible. 1 - (live) with my friend Ezraat the moment, but each of us also have) our own group of friends that we hang out with, 2. We're not close friends—we (just / take) French class together for the past 2: Tara and I went ona tip o Pera ten year ago, and we (be) friends ever since. ‘We keep up with each other through social media, 4 Oh, do you (know) Tom, too? He and I (know) each other since elementary school. We should all meet up some time. 5. Kate isa really dependable friend. She ___ always / stand) by me ‘when I've needed help. 6 Colin and together at the moment. 7. Iget along very well with Marco, even though (never / see) each other — (write) a book socal Vocabulary friendships: phrasal verbs 10 Find these phrasal verbs in Exercise 9: one with the verb get one with the verb stand cone with the verb hang ‘two with the particle up Work in pairs. Discuss what each phrasal verb means. 11 Complete these sentences with the correct phrasal verbs from Exercises 9 and 10, 1 Wecome from different backgrounds, but we — _ really well. 2 We don’t have to do anything special. It would just be nice to together fora while. 3. They their friendship through frequent phone calls. 4 Why don’t we for dinner tonight? 5. Some friends are great to have fun with, but real friends are the ones who ___ you when things aren’t going so well. Speaking EEG 42 Think about one of your friends and make notes on these points. how you met and how long you've been friends where and how often you see them their current work or studies their personality and why you like them What things you usually clo together or have done recently 113 Work in pairs. Describe your friend to your partner. Ask and answer questions to get more information. Discuss how your friendships are similar or different. Jana is one of my oldest friends. We met at a party, and ‘we've known each other for ten years dort mistonnins1b The selfie generation Reading Wordbuilding forming adjectives 1 Workin pairs. Look at the photo. Discuss these questions ‘There ae various suffixes in English thatare commonly 1 What does the photo show? sed to form adjectives: fh emt, us, ve, 2. Is this situation familiar to you? act + active, study -* studious “For more practice, see Workbook page 11. Work in pais Discuss what you krow about naval pr. Then ead teat Did you learn anything new? 5. Look at the wordbuilding box. Find adjectives in “ the article that come from these root words. Read the attic again. Find examples ofthe way Rilesinisend aby boonenansciterenincccs (CSSA Se ana ofthese sens 6 Form adjectives from these words (1-6) by sing th covet sultan making ay oer nec changes Workin ais Wy do you thik the iferent min ; fecraions(Camoaninistahers)derin thie 2 al 4 help bie em Sea eae at Casey, in Joshua Tree National Park ‘to love the parks as well, But in Casey, I sensed alack of interest, And in that, he isnot alone—I hhave noticed a similar apathy among other people his age. “Young people, Jonathan Jarvis, director of the National Park Service, told me, “are more separated from the natural world than perhaps ‘any generation before them Jarvishas been saying this fora couple of years. large majority ‘of millennials—71 percent—said they would be “very uncomfortable’ on a one-week vacation without connectivity For boomers, the figure was 33 percent. Gu eet te Cn ourfirst day on the river, Casey and were e Selle 5 anxious. But soon, we couldn't wait for the ner ation next rapids, We tok breaks along the shor, s 4 planing some wilowers here, a massive “a ‘natural amphitheater there. In the evening, we Spread out sleeping bags and watched the dy We're standing at Lees Ferry, Arizona—the launch point for a four-day raft trip ‘slip away. It was sublime. through the Grand Canyon, one of the worlds most beautiful lacs. ao Sik Contac once Aca cnc “Dam No service? ‘withdrawal We should tr tobe mind ‘That's a good thing tell my son, Casey. Yes? Well, no. He a millennial, mid- suggested, Stare atthe stars. Drft.“I gett’ said 20s.tmababy boomer. My generation lovesthe national parks His generation CaS, thsthing about being disconnected. But wil haveto save them. everyone! know kes to share—publcy— What we't doing... fyou cant share it now, s Growing up in the West loved the outdoors. My folks never had aot of, i. money, but we were rich, my mother said: lf this glorious pubic land was lc realy appear asta ne ‘© relationship with the outdoors ‘+ relationship with technologyGrammar simple past and present perfect ane s noe a i 0) cong = A 7 Look at the grammar box. Circle the correct options to complete these sentences. 1. The sirple past / present perfect expresses a connection between the past and the present. 2. The simple past / present perfect refers to something at a specific time in the past. 3. We generally use adverbials of finished time (e.g.-some time ago, when Iwas a child, in 2015) with the simple past / present perfect. 4 We generally use adverbials of unfinished time (eg. until now, so far this year, since 2015) with the simple past /present perfect 8 Work in pairs. Look at the example below. Then underline two other sentences with the simple ppast and two sentences with the present perfect in the article. Say which tense is used and why. Growing up in the West, Loved the outdoors. [= simple past to describe something at a specifi time in the past] 9 Pronun n auxiliary verbs have and has Listen to how the auxiliary verbs have an has are pronounced in the present perfect sentences you underlined in the article. Then listen again and repeat 10 Complete the conversation below between a parent (P) and a child (C). Use the simple past or the present perfect (simple and continuous) form of the verbs in parentheses. P1_________ (you / do) your math homework yet—the homework you 2___(not / do) yesterday? i Yes, it _ (be) easy. P: Oh, OK. What about your project on Mexican food? The one you_____ (ask) me about a few days ago? C: Fm working on it now. 1° (look) for up-to-date information on the internet all morning. P: Well, I*___ (not / eat) Mexican food recently, but 'm good at searching the internet. I'l give you a hand. : Thanks, but I” (already / arrange) to meet Sam and work on it with him. 11 Look at the conversation in Exercise 10 again Underline the time expressions that helped you choose the right tense. Then complete the chart below with the expressions you underlined. past steko the pss 2016, a : ever, 50 far just, over the past "three months, this year, since | - was a child, at Hl ti tpt just. over the past three months, tn 42. Work in pairs. Act out two similar conversations between a parent and a child. Use these opening lines. 1 P: Have youcleaned your room yet? 2 P: Have you eaten any vegetables or fruit today? 13 Circle the correct options to complete these sentences, Then work in pairs to discuss which, statements you agree with. 1. “Children grew up / have been growing up faster over the last twenty years.” 2. “All the new technology that kids use nowadays left /has left the older generation behind.” 3. “My grandparents’ generation probably worked / have probably worked harder than we do, but they didn’t have /hrven’t had as much fun.” 4. “Some of my parents’ generation already retired have already retired with good pensions.” 5. “When Iwas young, I rebelled / ive been rebelling against my parents because they wre / ure been very strict.” Speaking HO 14 Make a list of the differences between your parents’ lives and your own. Think about the areas below or your own ideas. Then work in pairs and discuss which generation you think has had a better life. free time standard of living ‘+ upbringing and school * ‘+ work opportunities * ‘My parents had a much freer childhood than I did. The outside world has become a more dangerous place units aascosies @1c Bloodlines Reading 41 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. * Why do you think people emigrate to other countries? + What difficulties do immigrants face when they settle in a new country? 2 Read the article about immigrants in New York, Then cover the text and try to remember these details from Richard and Tanja’ stories 1. where their ancestors originally came from 2 what Richard and Tanja’s jobs are now 3. how coming from immigrant families has influenced them 3. Read the article again. According to the writer, are these sentences trate (1) oF false (F)? 1 Many immigrants in Queens TOF feel attached to their new country. 2. Tomas had a good relationship i with his stepmother. 3. Tomas met his brother in New York TF one day by accident. 4. Tanja’s mother was able tobalance. = TF her job with being involved with Tanja's education. 5. Tanja has chosen a similar TOR career to her parents. 4 Find these phrases in the article. Work with a partner to discuss what you think they mean. 1 amelting pot (paragraph 1) 2. their ancestral roots (paragraph 2) 3 seek his fortune (paragraph 3) 4 asstrong work ethic (paragraph 4) Critical thinking evaluating conclusions 5 What conclusions do you think the author wanted you to draw after reading the article? Check (/) your answers 1D Immigration has benefited America, Immigrants have a stronger connection to their original country than their new home. (CIs important for descendants of immigrants tobe aware oftheir family history. (J Immigrant families have a strong motivation to work hard and make a good life for themselves. (CO Many immigrants struggle to adapt to their new home because of cultural differences. 6 Work in pairs. Where in the text did you find evidence to draw the conclusions in Exercise 5? ‘Which do you think is the author’s main conclusion? Why? Word focus sense 7 Look at the expression in bold from the article ‘Then circle the best options to complete the sentences (1-5) all of us have a strong sense of belonging to 1 Itdoesn’t have / make any sense to emigrate if you are happy where you are. 2 Most people want a secure job. It's common / usual sense 3. She's gota great sense of humor / comedy. 4 My parents did a lot for me, s0 I feel a sense of nnocessity / duty to take care of them now. 5 Lalways get lost in big cities. Ihave a terrible sense of direction /Tocation. Speaking 8 Work in pairs. Look at the questionnaire below. ‘Take tus asking and answering the questions with your partner. Does family have a strong, influence in your lives? HOW DOES FAMILY SHAPE YOU? 1 Do you think you have a close family? 2. How much time do you spend with family: * out ofa sense of duty? + because you want to? 3 Is family a consideration for you in choosing where to live? 4 How aware are you of your family’s history? 5 Isthere ahead” ofthe family? How important is it to have this person's approval? 6 Who in your family do you particularly admire? Why? | 7. Has your family influenced your academic choices or your chosen career path? 8 When secking advice, do you usually ask your friends or your family?‘The USA, as a whole, is well-known for being a melting pot of different ethnic groups and cultures. This diversity is, particularly evident in Queens, New s York. Here, second-generation Puerto Ricans live alongside third-generation Greeks and first-generation Koreans, all united by a feeling of pride in their ‘American identity » Howev ; they are also proud of something that fascinates us all: their ancestral roots. These days, tracing back your family tree as far as you canisa popular hobby, but what | +s really interests these families is their | recent history: how their grandparents and great-grandparents arrived in ‘America, why they emigrated, and how they—their descendants—can 2» best honor their memory. Here are two Queens residents’ stories. Richard, 38 My great-grandfather Tomas was a builder by trade—like me. He came ‘to America from Poland when he was fifteen. His mother had become ill and died, and his father decided to remarry. Tomas didn't like his new stepmother, so he ran away to Belgium, where he boarded a ship to ‘America, Arriving in America with nothing, he got ajob on the railroads in California. Then one day, by chance, he saw an announcement in a newspaper. It was from his brother in New York who had also come to ‘America to seek his fortune and was now looking for Tomas. Tomas got in touch, and the two had an emotional reunion in New York. Tomas settled in the city, and the two brothers worked in construction. This is the tory that ‘my grandmother has passed down to us, to my parents, and all my aunts and uncles. She is an amazing woman—the one who holds us al together. This has meant that al of us have a strong sense of belonging to a group that has struggled and fought together to succeed, Tanja, 29 |'ma first-generation American, Both my parents came here from Jamaica ‘My dad was a nurse in Jamaica, but he had an ambition to be a doctor in the US. When he first came here, he studied during the day and worked at night. Both my parents have a strong work ethic. My mom has always worked {asa nurse, butat the same time has always been very involved in my life, helping with my studies and following my career with interest. ve followed ‘my parents into the medical profession, and now !m working as a doctor at the Mount Sinai Hospital in Queens, I don't know if that kind of dedication is genetic or just something that you learn from your parents, but that desire to get ahead ... Ive certainly inherited it The great thing about Americas that it gives you the opportunity to live out your dreams, too. Relationshipste fe E 1d What's up? Real life meeting people 4. Work in pairs. Which phrases would you use to: fa. greet someone for the first time? b_ greet someone you know in a formal context? greet a close friend? How are things? How are you? Nice to meet you, How do you do? How's it going? 2. EMG Listen to a conversation between two friends, ‘Tom and Greta. Work in pairs and answer the questions. 1 What have Tom and Greta been doing since they last met? 2 What future arrangement do they make? 3 [XG Listen to the conversation again. Circe the expressions for meeting people that the speakers How are things? How's everything going? What have you been up to? i ''m doing fine, thanks. ‘Not bad. Busy as ever. i “just got a new jo. He been studying for my law exams, You're looking good. IRobviously sts you te How she doing? i She was asking about you the other day Please give her my best wishes Say hello to her forme. | Well, I should probably go and... Sorry, m in kind of a hurry. I don’t mean to be rude, but I need to twas really nice to see you. twas great to see you. i Good luck with .. 4 Workin pairs. WI circled in Exercise ch of the expressions that you 3 match these functions (1-4)? how Greta asks Tom for his news what Tom says about Greta’s appearance how Greta describes her life what Greta says about Amanda, their mutual friend Pronunciation word boundaries [XA Common expressions are often said quickly, so the word boundaries become more difficult to hear. Listen to eight expressions and write expressions 5-6. How are things? How's everything going? What's up? Thaven’t seen you for a really long time. Work in pairs. Practice saying the eight expressions in Exercise 5a in the me way that you heard them. Imagine you are in a large shopping mall, Walk around and “bump into” other people you know. Find out what each person has been doing, and make a future arrangement with them. Then move on until you bump into someone else.1e News from home Writing an informal email 4 Workin pairs. When you send news or communicate with friends in other cities or countries, how do you usually communicate (letter, email, social media, ete)? Why? 2- Work in pairs. Read the email from Mateo to his friend Fergus. Where is Mateo, and what is he doing there? 3 How are these things (1-4) expressed in the email? Discuss witha partner 1. sending good wishes 3 givingnews 2 askingfornews —4_-suggesting a meeting 4. Lookat the differences between formal and informal written English. Then work in pairs and find examples of informal language in the email Informal Formal Contractions (eg, ion’) Uncontracted forms (eg,, isnot) Informal linking words Formal linking words (eg.-s0, but) (eg, therefore, however) Conversational words (eg. get, nice) More formal vocabulary (eg, receive, pleasant) Idiomatic expressions (eg, its no big deal) Conventional language (eg, it is not important) 1g skill greetings and endings Look at the greetings and endings below. Circle the phrases that are appropriate for an informal email to a friend or relative. All my love Best wishes, Dear Mr. Lee Respectfully Hi John All the best Love Dear Sir/Madam Yours sincerely 6 7 Dear Fergus, hope alls well with you. I've been meaning to write with my news for ages, but my work takes up a lot ‘of my time. I've been thinking about you all, and I'm getting very homesick. But | have to remind myself Cf why I'm here—to get experience asa freelance journalist and photographer. I'm now in Sri Lanka visting some tea plantations and talking to people about how their lives have changed in the last twenty years or so. The countryside here is, amazing. At the moment, I'm in the hill just outside Kandy, It’ so lush and green here, you woulda’t believe it. rm trying to get an interview with one of the plantation owners so | can write an article for a magazine. Fingers crossed! My plan isto stay here until the end of September, and ‘then get a plane back to Buenos Aires so that Ican go and talk to some publishers about my work. It would be great to get together with you then. Hows the ‘family? Has Sarah found a job yet? Send everyone my love. I'l write again soon. Allthe best, Mateo Imagine you have been away from home studying, or working in another country, Write an email toa friend or family member back home. Include these elements. Agreeting, Giving your news Asking for their news Suggesting meeting when you return Good wishes and an ending Exchange emails with a partner. Use these questions to check your partner’s email. + Did their email include all the elements listed in Exercise 62 + Is the use of tenses correct? Is the style appropriate (informal)? Did the email use an appropriate greeting and ending? Univ # Relationships1 1f Lady Liberty and Ellis Island ~ SRIBefore you watch 1 Work in pairs. Read the description of the video below and answer these questions. 1 Why was the island closed to visitors? 2 Who are we going to hear speaking on the video? December 26, 2013: Ellis Island has recently reopened to visitors following significant damage from Hurricane Sandy. Stewards' and visitors describe the importance of the island to them. 2 Key vocabulary ‘@ Work in pairs. Read the sentences (1-5). The words in bold are used in the video. Guess the meaning of the words. 1 There are a lot of new houses in the town, but there is no infrastructure to support them. 2. The building is basically in good condition, but it needs some renovation 3. Ittakes four weeks to process a new passport application 4. Seeing the families greet each other after so long apart was a very moving sight. 5 Ihave faith in people to do the right thing, b Write the words in bold in Exercise 2a next to their definitions (a-e). a deal with using an official procedure b_ the process of repairing and improving a structure —___ _astrong belief in someone or something, d_ communication systems and facili support an area producing strong emotion —____ ss that While you watch 3 CORREEABER Watch Parts 1-3 of the video, Work in pairs and answer the questions. 1 Who came to Ellis Island in the past? 2 Who visits it today? Why? 4 COMER Watch Part 1 ofthe video again, Then iver the quedions with panes 1 How does David Luchsinger describe himself? Complete the phrase “the last __ 2. Apart from being a steward, what is David's personal connection to Ellis Island? 3 What were immigrants asked to do with their bags after arriving at Ellis Island? 4 What record is David proud of? 5 COIR Watch Part 2of the video again. Match each quote (1-4) with the correct speaker. 1 “Idon’tknow thatour «0 O_—Peter generation would be as gutsy as they were, to come.” 2 “Igot emotional when © 0 ‘Judith I saw [the Statue of Liberty] for the first time.” 3 “Right here—at Ellis © 0 Raea Island—this is where my family became American.” 4 “Our ancestors came over 0 0 Pablo in 1914 from Lithuania.” 6 CORREA Watch Part ofthe video again. Circle the correc options fo complete the sentences. 1. Atits busiest point, Ellis Island processed over 12,000 immigrants a day / a month. 2. Now, in the summer months, Ellis Island receives over / up to 22,000 visitors per day. 3. Hurricane Sandy destroyed the infrastructure / renovated buildings. 4 The stewards saw the storm as an opportunity to improve the park / statue. After you watch 7 Vocabulary in context @ CORRE Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases b Complete these sentences in your own words. ‘Then share your sentences with a partner. 1 My... means the world to me. 2. I showed up late for . 3. Itwas very gutsy of ... to 8 Think of two monuments or places of national interest in your country. Then work in pairs and askand answer these questions. 1 What is the name of the monument or place? 2. How would you describe it? Do you like it, and. have you visited it? 9 Prepare a brief guide for immigrants to your country. Write down at leat sx key points Include things like local eating habits cultural habits, and advice on transportation 10 Work in groups. Compare your ideas from Exercise 9. Do you think it would be difficult for someone new toadapt to life in your country? Why or why not? ‘steward (n) 'stu:ord/ @ person employed to look after 2 particular place unt natiGrammar 1 Circle the correct verb forms to complete the text about changing trends in family structures. g ee When: about family, we' need! "make a distinction b : Op eea te 3r family is the parents and chil ‘ ae family to secrers We've shared / We shared living shold chores, and so our cee ee ‘more people ’chose/ ; eas ‘ a [peace ace gucainieen ttl | Bi phate nr eae ily Values. But there's an economic issue, too: ( weSiec erate i network that was free of charge. Dh 2. Work in pairs, Answer the questions 1 Whatis the difference between a nuclear family and an extended family? 2. What benefits of an extended family does the writer mention? 3 Work in pairs. Answer these questions. 1. Can you explain your choice of tense for items 2-8 in Exercise 1? 2. What other time phrases would fit grammatically instead of for some time (item 3) and in the past (item 4)? use simple past and present perfect UNIT 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Vocabulary 4. Complete the words and phrases in bold to make definitions of different relationships. Someone who: 1. you goon a trip with isa travel com —_______ ‘you and another friend both know is a______ual friend. 2 3. you share an apartment with is a room___ 4 you know but who is not a close friend is an tance. 5. youare related toby birth is a b___ relative. 5 Work in pairs. Using the words and phrases in bold in Exercise 4, describe someone: 1 who you hang out with regularly. 2 who you haven't kept up with. 3. whose house you visit regularly. 6 BEEN Work in pairs. Look atthe list of adjectives below. considerate shy energetic ~—playful_-—_—‘laid-back ‘outgoing selfish dependable unreliable _ serious 1 Which adjectives describe the animals on page 10? Why? 2. Choose three adjectives to describe three of your relatives. Tell your partner and give an example to illustrate each adjective describe friends and relatives e Real life 7 Complete the phrases using a preposition or particle. LL: Hello, im. How are you? __L: Yeah, that'd be nice. I'm kind of a hurry now, but I'l call you. —L: I've been working in New York? the past month, Oh, well, please give her my best wishes Thanks. You, too. How’s Sarah doing? Yes, do. And good luck? New York ___J: She's fine. Still studying hard. J: That's exciting. You're looking good. your work in J: Iwill. Maybe we can all get some time soon. J: Great, thanks, Laura. It’s been ages. What have youbeen*____ to? 8 Number the sentences from Exercise 7 in the correct order (1-10) to form a conversation between Laura (L) and Jim ()) ‘have conversations with someone | meetGRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 1 Present tense: and perfect ‘We use the simple present to express something we see as permanent or unchanging. This can be: ple, continuous, + a fact,e.g,, Water boils at 100°C. + ahabit, eg, He eats alot of unk food. * aroutine, e.g, Joana calls her sister every day. We use the present continuous to express: ‘+ something happening at the time of speaking. I'm waiting for the train to come—it’s late again. * a temporary situation. Juan’s evorking for a bank at the moment, but he wants ta change careers. ‘© something happening around the time of speaking, She's trying to find a new job. ‘© acurrently changing situation. ‘The future of some animals is becoming less certain. Remember that we don’t use stative verbs (verbs that describe states) with a continuous tense. Tdon't know him very well. (not Fm-not-sorowinng) We use the present perfect (simple and continuous) to express a connection between the present and the past. This can be: * when a past event has an impact on, or relevance in, the present. Poor Sam—he's broken his leg. ‘© when something started in the past and continues, into the present. ve been best friends with lan since we were in college. » Exercises 1 and 2 Present perfect simple and continuous We use the present perfect simple and continuous to talk about the same time periods. We use the present perfect continuous when we want to emphasize the duration of the event. We use it to talk about: ‘past events that have an impact on the present: She's tired —she’s been working all day. + repeated past events that have an impact on the resent, A: You look fit and healthy! B: Thanks—I've been exercising «lot recently. + prolonged (long) events that started in the past and continue in the present. We've been waiting for the bus for over an hour! ‘© repeated events that started in the past and continue in the present. ve been coming to this café for years. We often have a choice whether to use the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. We ‘choose the present perfect continuous when we want to emphasize duration or repetition. I've lived here for over ten years. (no particular emphasis) ve been living here for over ten years (emphasis on how long ithas been) In some cases, there is a bigger difference in meaning. ve written a lot of emails this morning. (= Y've finished writing emails.) ve been writing emails all morning. (= may still have more to write.) > Exercise 3 Simple past and present perfect We use both simple past and present perfecto talk about the past. We use the simple past to refer to something at a specific time in the past lived with my parents until [woas 25. ‘We use the present perfect to express a connection between the past and the present. ‘Aaron's lost his phone. (past event that is relevant now) ve lived with my parents all my life. (event which started in the past and continues) Time expressions We normally use adverbs of finished time periods ‘with the simple past. With the present perfect simple cr continuous, we normally use adverbs of unfinished time periods. Common time expressions include Simple past ast reek, in the past, in 2016, yesterday, a {few days ago, when Iwasa child I started work there a year ago Present perfect simple: ever, so far, just, over the past three months, this year, since Iwasa child, yet, before, already, recently Thiave never worked abroad before. Present perfect continuous: just, over the past three months, this year, since I tas a child, all morning 've been working here since last year. Some time adverbials can be used with both simple past and present perfect. I waited all morning. ve been waiting all morning. > Exercises 4 and 5Exercises a Circle the correct tenses to complete the sentences. 1. More and more people are becoming / become ‘vegetarians. 2 A: Who's that? B: Mateo, He's bought / He buys a new car. 3. They know / have known each other for a long time. 4 Loften meet /'m meeting my friends on Saturday evenings. 5. She's staying / She stays with her parents until she finds an apartment. 6 Martha is akonys being / 8 always very reliable. 7 It rains /It’s raining again—we can’t go to the park 8 [earn / I'm learning French at the moment. ‘Ib Match the sentences (1-8) from Exercise 1a with the uses below (a-h). a fact b routine © something happening at the time of speaking something happening around the time of speaking a changing situation a temporary situation — past event with relevance in the present past event that continues in the present poe 2 Complete the conversation with the simple present, present continuous, or present perfect simple of the verbs in parentheses. fh a eee (oe) Intel B: know, sorry! Iwas talking to Peter. A: Oh, how ishe? 8: He's looking very fit, But I'm not surprised he (go) to the gym every day after work Fs 5 ec Jong time. Does he still work in his father’s company? B: Yes, but he: (look) for another job. He wants to go and live abroad. ‘A: Really? [know a lot of people who?____(move) abroad recently. B: Me, too—it’s strange. A: Anyway, I (be) really hungry. Should we order something to eat? B: Yes, of course. Oh sorry, my phone” (ring). It might be my boss. Fhave to answer it ... Sorry! 3 Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or continuous of the verbs in parentheses, 1 'mreally fed up! 1 for the train for over an hour! 2 A:Isthata new car? B:No.1 (have) it for three years now. 3. A: Why are you so red? BL (wait) (work) outside in the sun all morning, 4 How long (they / be) married for? 5 My eyes hurt. I (look) at the computer screen for too long. 6 A:Do you want to watch The Martian? B:No.I (see) it already. Circle the correct time phrases to complete the sentences. lived there since 2015 / from 2012 to 2014. She's eaten out twice this week / last week, ‘We met in 1998 / since 1998. Ive been feeling sick «ftw days ago / fora few days. I've had this watch since / when Iwas a teenager. ‘They've been living in the same house since / {or twenty years Complete the emails with the most appropriate form of the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple past, present perfect simple, or present perfect continuous. aakene Dear Jeanne, My daughter and (argue) a lot recently, and it's making me really sad. We mainly argue because she never helps around the house. | come home late from work, and the house is a mess. 1__ (try) speaking to her lots of times, but she won't listen. She > (not speak) to me since our last argument, and that was three days ago! When !was young, | always (help) my parents at home, but she just doesn’t care, What can | do? Clara Dear Clara, I'm sorry to hear about your problem. Why does your daughter think she doesn’t need to help? Perhaps because you’_(not teach) her to respect you when she was little. Now she's almost an adult, and it may be too late. I can only advise you to keep talking and explaining, Tell her: “When 1 (work) all day, you need to hhelp me clean up in the evening.” Give her reasons, ‘not rules—it might help. Jeanne connarssnminy @