6.

Systematic review and meta-analysis

• Types of review,
• Steps of systematic review;
• Methodology of meta-analysis in nutrition research;
• Presentation and interpretation of results

MD Khurshidul Zahid PhD

Associate Professor
Institute of Nutrition and Food Science(INFS)
University of Dhaka
 Literature review
• A literature review is an overview of the previously published works on a
specific topic.

Literature review - Wikipedia

Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister& J. Dennis Blessing, P=33
Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister& J. Dennis Blessing, P=34
Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister& J. Dennis Blessing, P=34
Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister& J. Dennis Blessing, P=34
Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister& J. Dennis Blessing, P=34
Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister& J. Dennis Blessing, P=40
 Types of reviews

Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister& J. Dennis Blessing, P=46
 Types of reviews
• The main types of literature reviews are:
• Evaluative,
• Exploratory,
• Instrumental, and
• Systematic review

Literature review - Wikipedia

 Systematic reviews
• It uses a rigorous and transparent approach for research synthesis, with the
aim of assessing and, where possible, minimizing bias in the findings.

Systematic review - Wikipedia

 Systematic reviews
• A type of evidence synthesis which-
• formulate research questions that are broad or narrow in scope, and
• identify and synthesize data that directly relate to the systematic review question.

Systematic review - Wikipedia

 Systematic review
• A Systematic review is a literature review focused on a research question,
trying to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high-quality research
evidence and arguments relevant to that question.

Literature review - Wikipedia

 Systematic reviews
• It can be used to inform decision making in many different disciplines, such
as evidence-based healthcare and evidence-based policy and practice.
• It can be designed to provide an exhaustive summary of current literature
relevant to a research question.
• A type of review that uses repeatable analytical methods to collect secondary
data and analyse it.

Systematic review - Wikipedia

 Types of Systematic reviews
• There are over 30 types of systematic review.

Systematic review - Wikipedia

Systematic review - Wikipedia
 Main stages of a systematic review methods

• Defining the research question

• Searching for relevant data sources
• Extraction of relevant data
• Assess the eligibility of the data
• Analyze and combine the data
• Communication and dissemination

Systematic review - Wikipedia

 Meta-analysis

• It is typically a systematic review using statistical methods to effectively

combine the data used on all selected studies to produce a more reliable
result.

Literature review - Wikipedia

 Meta-analysis
• A statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.

• It can be performed when there are multiple scientific studies addressing the
same question, with each individual study reporting measurements that are
expected to have some degree of error.

Meta-analysis - Wikipedia
 Meta-analysis
• The aim then is to use approaches from statistics to derive a pooled estimate
closest to the unknown common truth based on how this error is perceived.
• Meta-analytic results are considered the most trustworthy source of evidence
by the evidence-based medicine literature.

Meta-analysis - Wikipedia
Methodology of meta-analysis in nutrition research
Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister & J. Dennis Blessing, P=46-55
Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister & J. Dennis Blessing, P=46-55
Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister & J. Dennis Blessing, P=46-55
Introduction Research and Medical Literature—J. Glenn Forister & J. Dennis Blessing, P=46-55
 Interpretation of results

• The interpretation and judgment of results are usually presented in the

Discussion section of a report.
• It is important to strike a fair balance between the positive and negative
aspects of the findings.
• For example, positive findings should be emphasized without brushing over
negative ones.
• Similarly, negative findings should not only be listed, but discussed in a way
that explores possible practical solutions or feasible remedies.

7. Analysis, presentation, and implementation of findings (unu.edu)

 Presentation of results

• Audio visual aids

7. Analysis, presentation, and implementation of findings (unu.edu)

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Thank You