EXERCÍCIOS

1. (Pa ∧ Gb)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢q

1. (Pa ∧ ¬ q)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ ¬ Gb

1. (Pa ∧ Gb)
2. (Gb → q)
3. ((q ∧ Pa) → p) ⊢p

1. (Pa ∨ Gb)
2. (¬Gb ∧ q) ⊢ Pa

5
1. (Pa ∨ Gb)
2. (¬Gb ∧ (Pa →q)) ⊢q

1. (Pa ∨ Gb)
2. ¬(Gb ∨ q) ⊢ Pa

1. (Pa ∧ ¬¬Gb)
2. ¬(Gb ∧ q) ⊢¬q

1. (Pa ∧ Gb)
2. ¬(Gb ∧ q) ⊢¬q

1. (Pa → Gb)
2. ¬(Gb ∨ q) ⊢ ¬ Pa

10

1. (Pa → Gb)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ (Pa → q)

11

1. (¬ Gb → ¬ Pa)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ (Pa → q)

12

1. (Pa → Gb)
2. ( ¬ Gb ∨ q) ⊢ (Pa → q)

13

1. (¬ Pa ∨ Gb)
2. ( ¬ Gb ∨ q) ⊢ (Pa → q)

14

1. (Pa → Gb)
2. (Gb → q)
3. Pa ⊢q

15

1. (Pa ∧ Gb)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ (q ∨ Rd)

16

1. (Pa ∨ Gb)
2. (Gb → q)
3. ¬ (q ∨ Rd) ⊢ Pa

17

1. (Pa ∨ ¬ Gb)
2. Gb ⊢ Pa

18

1. (Gb → ¬ Pa)
2. (Gb → Pa) ⊢ ¬ Gb

19

1. (¬ Gb → ¬ Pa)
2. (¬ Gb → Pa) ⊢ Gb

20

1. (Gb → p)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ (Gb → (p ∧ q))
 21

1. (Gb → (Pa ∨ p))

2. (Gb → ¬ Pa) ⊢ (Gb → p)

22

1. ¬p
2. ¬q ⊢ ¬ (p ∨ q)

23

1. p
2. ¬q ⊢ ¬ (¬ p ∨ q)

24

1. p
2. ¬q ⊢ ¬ (p → q)

SOLUÇÕES
 1

1. (Pa ∧ Gb)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢q
(1) 3. Gb 1eE∧
(1)(2) 4. q 2, 3 e E → , q.e.d.

1. (Pa ∧ ¬ q)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ ¬ Gb
(1) 3. ¬ q 1eE∧
(1)(2) 4. ¬ Gb 2, 3 e MT , q.e.d.

1. (Pa ∧ Gb)
2. (Gb → q)
3. ((q ∧ Pa) → p) ⊢p
(1) 4. Gb 1eE∧
(1)(2) 5. q 2, 4 e E →
(1) 6. Pa 1eE∧
(1)(2) 7. (q ∧ Pa) 5, 6 e I ∧
(1)(2)(3) 8. p 3, 7 e E →, q.e.d.

4
 1. (Pa ∨ Gb)
2. (¬Gb ∧ q) ⊢ Pa
(2) 3. ¬ Gb 2eE∧
(1)(2) 4. Pa 1, 3 e E ∨ , q.e.d.

1. (Pa ∨ Gb)
2. (¬Gb ∧ (Pa →q)) ⊢q
(2) 3. ¬ Gb 2eE∧
(1)(2) 4. Pa 1, 3 e E ∨
(2) 5. (Pa → q) 2eE∧
(1)(2) 6. q 4, 5 e E →, q.e.d.

1. (Pa ∨ Gb)
2. ¬(Gb ∨ q) ⊢ Pa
(2) 3. (¬Gb ∧ ¬q) 2 e De M.
(2) 4. ¬Gb 3eE∧
(1)(2) 5. Pa 1, 4 e E ∨ , q.e.d.

1. (Pa ∧ ¬¬Gb)
 2. ¬(Gb ∧ q) ⊢¬q
(2) 3. (¬Gb ∨ ¬q) 2 e De M.
(1) 4. ¬¬Gb 1eE∧
(1)(2) 5. ¬ q 3, 4 e E ∨ , q.e.d.

1. (Pa ∧ Gb)
2. ¬(Gb ∧ q) ⊢¬q
(2) 3. (¬Gb ∨ ¬q) 2 e De M.
(2) 4. Gb 1eE∧
(2) 5. ¬ ¬ Gb 4 e NN
(1)(2) 6. ¬ q 3, 5 e E ∨ , q.e.d.

1. (Pa → Gb)
2. ¬(Gb ∨ q) ⊢ ¬ Pa
(2) 3. (¬Gb ∧ ¬q) 2 e De M.
(2) 4. ¬Gb 3eE∧
(1)(2) 5. ¬ Pa 1, 4 e MT , q.e.d.

10

1. (Pa → Gb)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ (Pa → q)
(1)(2) 3. (Pa → q) 1, 2 e TC, q.e.d.

11

1. (¬ Gb → ¬ Pa)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ (Pa → q)
(1) 3. (Pa → Gb) 1 e CP
(1)(2) 4. (Pa → q) 2, 3 e TC, q.e.d.

12

1. (Pa → Gb)
2. ( ¬ Gb ∨ q) ⊢ (Pa → q)
(2) 3. (Gb → q) 2 e Imp.
(1)(2) 4. (Pa → q) 2, 3 e TC, q.e.d.

13

1. (¬ Pa ∨ Gb)
2. ( ¬ Gb ∨ q) ⊢ (Pa → q)
(1) 3. (Pa → Gb) 1 e Imp.
(2) 4. (Gb → q) 2 e Imp.
(1)(2) 5. (Pa → q) 2, 3 e TC, q.e.d.

14

1. (Pa → Gb)
 2. (Gb → q)
3. Pa ⊢q
(1)(2) 4. (Pa → q) 1, 2 e TC
(1)(2)(3) 5. q 3, 4 e ∃ → , q.e.d.

prova alternativa:

1. (Pa → Gb)
2. (Gb → q)
3. Pa ⊢q
(1)(3) 4. Gb 1, 3 e E →
(1)(2)(3) 5. q 2, 4 e ∃ → , q.e.d.

15

1. (Pa ∧ Gb)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ (q ∨ Rd)
(1) 3. Gb 1eE∧
(1)(2) 4. q 2, 3 e E →
(1)(2) 5. (q ∨ Rd) 4 e I ∨ , q.e.d.

16

1. (Pa ∨ Gb)
2. (Gb → q)
3. ¬ (q ∨ Rd) ⊢ Pa
(3) 4. (¬q ∧ ¬Rd) 3 e De M.
(3) 5. ¬q 4eE∧
(2)(3) 6. ¬ Gb 2, 5 e MT
(1)(2)(3) 7. Pa 1, 6 e E ∨, q.e.d.
 17

1. (Pa ∨ ¬ Gb)
2. Gb ⊢ Pa
(2) 3. ¬¬ Gb 2 e NN
(1)(2) 4. Pa 1, 3 e E ∨

18

1. (Gb → ¬ Pa)
2. (Gb → Pa) ⊢ ¬ Gb
(3) 3. Gb PA (I ¬)
(1)(3) 4. ¬ Pa 1, 3 e E→
(2)(3) 5. Pa 2, 3 e E→
(1)(2)(3) 6. (Pa ∧ ¬ Pa) 4, 5 e I ∧ !
(1)(2) 7. ¬Gb 3-6 e I ¬ , q.e.d.

19

1. (¬ Gb → ¬ Pa)
2. (¬ Gb → Pa) ⊢ Gb
(3) 3. ¬ Gb PA (I ¬)
(1)(3) 4. ¬ Pa 1, 3 e E→
(2)(3) 5. Pa 2, 3 e E→
(1)(2)(3) 6. (Pa ∧ ¬ Pa) 4, 5 e I ∧ !
(1)(2) 7. ¬ ¬Gb 3-6 e I ¬
(1)(2) 8. Gb 7 e E ¬, q.e.d.
 20

1. (Gb → p)
2. (Gb → q) ⊢ (Gb → (p ∧ q))
(3) 3. Gb PA (I → )
(1)(3) 4. p 1, 3 e E→
(1)(3) 5. q 2, 3 e E→
(1)(2)(3) 6. (p ∧ q) 4, 5 e I ∧
(1)(2) 7. (Gb → (p ∧ q)) 3-6 e I → , q.e.d.

21

1. (Gb → (Pa ∨ p))

2. (Gb → ¬ Pa) ⊢ (Gb → p)
(3) 3. Gb PA (I → )
(2)(3) 4. ¬ Pa 2, 3 e E→
(1)(3) 5. (Pa ∨ p) 1, 3 e E→
(1)(2)(3) 6. p 4, 5 e E ∨
(1)(2) 7. (Gb → p) 3-6 e I → , q.e.d.

22

1. ¬p
2. ¬q ⊢ ¬ (p ∨ q)
(1)(2) 3. (¬ p ∧ ¬ q) 1, 2 e I ∧
(1)(2) 4. ¬ (p ∨ q) 3 e De M. , q.e.d.
 23

1. p
2. ¬q ⊢ ¬ (¬ p ∨ q)
(1)(2) 3. ( p ∧ ¬ q) 1, 2 e I ∧
(1)(2) 4. ( ¬ ¬ p ∧ ¬ q) 1, 2 e I ∧
(1)(2) 5. ¬ (¬ p ∨ q) 4 e De M., q.e.d.

24

1. p
2. ¬q ⊢ ¬ (p → q)
(1)(2) 3. ( p ∧ ¬ q) 1, 2 e I ∧
(1)(2) 4. ( ¬ ¬ p ∧ ¬ q) 1, 2 e I ∧
(1)(2) 5. ¬ (¬ p ∨ q) 4 e De M.
(1)(2) 6. ¬ (p → q) 5 e Imp., q.e.d.
1. ((s → n) ∧ q)
2. (m ∨ (n → m))
 3. ¬m ⊢ (¬s ∨ p)
(2)(3) 4. (n → m) 2, 3 e E ∨
(1) 5. (s → n) 1eE∧
(2)(3) 6. ¬n 3, 4 e MT
(1)(2)(3) 7. ¬s 5, 6 e MT
(1)(2)(3) 8. (¬s ∨ p) 7 e I ∨, q.e.d.

Ex.2 1. ¬ (o ∨ r)
2. ((¬r ∨ n) → (p ∧ s))
3. (q → ¬s ) ⊢ ¬q
(1) 4. (¬o ∧ ¬ r) 1 e De M.
(1) 5. ¬ r 4eE∧
(1) 6. (¬ r ∨ n) 5eI∨
(1)(2) 7. (p ∧ s) 2, 6 e E →
(1)(2) 8. s 7eE∧
(1)(2) 9. ¬¬s 8 e NN
(1)(2) 10. ¬q 3, 9 e MT, q.e.d.

1. ((s → p) → (n → q))
2. (p ∧ ¬q) ⊢ ¬n
 1. (p → q)
2. (¬p → (r ∨ s))
3. ¬q
4. ¬r ⊢s
(1)(3) 5. ¬p 1, 3 e MT
(1)(2)(3) 6. (r ∨ s) 2, 5 E →
(1)(2)(3) 7. s 4, 6 e E ∨ , q.e.d.

1. (r → (q ∨ p))
2. ((¬r ∨ s) ∧ (¬s ∨ ¬q)) ⊢ (r → p)
(3) 3. r PA (I → )
(1)(3) 4. (q ∨ p) 1, 3 e E →
(2) 5. (¬s ∨ ¬q) 2eE∧
(3) 6. ¬ ¬ r 3 e NN
(2) 7. (¬r ∨ s) 2eE∧
(2)(3) 8. s 6, 7 e E ∨
(2)(3) 9. ¬ ¬ s 8 e NN
(2)(3) 10. ¬q 5, 9 E ∨
(1)(2)(3) 11. p 4, 10 e E ∨
(1)(2) 12. (r → p) 3-11 e I → , q.e.d.
…
…
n. p
n+1. (r → p)