Central Limit

Theorem
 Most Essential Learning Competencies

01 (M11/12SP-IIIe-2) 02 (M11/12SP-IIIe-3)

illustrate the Central Limit define the sampling

Theorem; distribution of the sample
mean using the Central Limit
Theorem; and
03 (M11/12SP-IIIf-1)

solve problems involving

sampling distributions of the
sample mean.
Review
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MEAN POPULATION SAMPLE

The average value

of all data from your
population or
sample.
STANDARD NORMAL
SAMPLING DEVIATION DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
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POPULATION SAMPLE
The average
Itvalue
describes
of all data
how
spread
from your
the
population is.
or
STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
sample.
SAMPLING DEVIATION
DISTRIBUTION
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3
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POPULATION SAMPLE It is a randomly
The average
selected subset
Itvalue
describes
of all data
how
from the
spread
from yourthe
population where
population is. or
the sample size is
NORMAL sample.
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION denoted by n.
DISTRIBUTION
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The set that
POPULATION
contains
It is a randomly
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The average
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measurements where
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NORMAL sample.
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION denoted by n.
experimenting
DISTRIBUTION
space.
 4
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The set that
Probability
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Distribution
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 Central Limit Theorem
It states that the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a
normal distribution, as the sample size increases.

The sample size must be at least 30 (n≥30).

If the sample size is sufficiently large, The Central Limit Theorem can
be used.

ҧ
𝑥−𝜇 𝑥ҧ - sample mean
Use the z-conversion formula, 𝑍 = 𝜎 . 𝜇 – population mean
𝑛 𝜎 – population standard deviation
𝑛 – sample size
When do we use these formulas?

𝑥ҧ − 𝜇 𝑥ҧ − 𝜇
𝑍= 𝑍= 𝜎
𝜎
𝑛
 Example
Study the illustrative sample problems below.

Assume that the variable is normally distributed, the

average time it takes a group of senior high school
students to complete a certain examination is 46.2
minutes while the standard deviation is 8 minutes. What is
the probability that a randomly selected senior high
school students will complete the examination in less
than 43 minutes? Does it seem reasonable that a senior
high school student would finish the examination in less
than 43 minutes?
 Example
Assume that the variable is
normally distributed, the average Solutions:
time it takes a group of senior 1. Identify the given.
high school students to complete a Given: 𝝁= 46.2 𝝈= 8 ഥ= 43
𝒙
certain examination is 46.2
minutes while the standard 2. Use the formula to find the z-score.
deviation is 8 minutes. What is
the probability that a randomly
𝑥ҧ − 𝜇 43 − 46.2
𝑍= = = −0.40
selected senior high school 𝜎 8
students will complete the
examination in less than 43 3. Use the z-table to look up the z-score you
minutes? Does it seem reasonable calculated in step 2. Z-Table
that a senior high school student
would finish the examination in 𝒛 = −𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 has a corresponding area of 0.1554
less than 43 minutes?
Step 4
Previous slide
Solutions:
4. Draw a graph and plot the z-score and
its corresponding area. Then, shade the
part that you’re looking for.

5. Compute the probability less than z = - 0.4 .

𝒙 < 𝟒𝟑) = 0.5 − 0.1554
𝑷(ഥ
= 0.3446 ∴Therefore, the probability that a randomly
= 34.46% selected senior high school student will
complete the examination in less than 43
minutes is 34.46%. Yes, it is reasonable to finish
the exam in less than 43 minutes since the
percentage is more than 1.
 Example
a. If 50 randomly selected Solutions:
senior high school students 1. Identify the given.
take the examination, what Given: 𝝁= 46.2 𝝈= 8 ഥ= 43
𝒙 𝒏= 50
is the probability that the
mean time it takes the 2. Use the formula to find the z-score.
group to complete the test 𝑥ҧ − 𝜇 43 − 46.2
𝑍= 𝜎 = = −2.83
will be less than 43 8
minutes? Does it seem 𝑛 50
reasonable that the mean
3. Use the z-table to look up the z-score you
of the 50 senior high
calculated in step 2. Z-Table
school students could be 𝒛 = −𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 has a corresponding area of 0.4977
less than 43 minutes?
Step 4
Previous slide
Solutions:
4. Draw a graph and plot the z-score and
its corresponding area. Then, shade the
part that you’re looking for.

5. Compute the probability less than z = -2.83.

𝒙 < 𝟒𝟑) = 0.5 − 0.4977
𝑷(ഥ
= 0.0023 ∴Therefore, the probability that a randomly
= 0.23% selected 50 senior high school students will
complete the examination in less than 43
minutes is 0.23%. No, it’s not reasonable since
the percentage is less than 1.
 Example Solutions:
2. An electrical company claims 1. Identify the given.
that the average life of the bulbs ഥ= 1150 𝒏= 100
Given: 𝝁= 1200 𝝈= 250 𝒙
it manufactures is 1 200 hours & 1250
with a standard deviation of 250 2. Use the formula to find the z-score.
hours. If a random sample of ഥ − 𝝁 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝒙
𝒁= 𝝈 = = −𝟐
100 bulbs is chosen, what is the 𝟐𝟓𝟎
probability that the sample mean 𝒏 𝟏𝟎𝟎
will be between 1150 hours and 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎
= =𝟐
1 250 hours? 𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
3. Use the z-table to look up the z-score
you calculated in step 2. Z-Table
𝒛 = ±𝟐 has a corresponding area of 0.4772.

Step 4
Previous slide
 Solutions:
4. Draw a graph and plot the z-score and
its corresponding area. Then, shade the
part that you’re looking for.

5. Compute the probability between z = ±𝟐 .

𝑷(𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟎 < ഥ
𝒙 < 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎) = 0.4772 + 0.4772
= 0.9544
= 95.44% ∴ Therefore, the probability of
randomly selected 100 bulbs to
have a sample mean between 1 150
hours and 1 250 hours is 95.44%.
1. The average purchase by customer in a large novelty
store is $4 with the standard deviation of $0.85. if 49
customers are selected at random, what is the probability
that their average purchases will be less than $3.70?

2. The average height of female student of a certain

college is approximately normally distributed with a mean
of 165.2 cm and standard deviation of 7.3 cm. Find the
probability that a random sample of 25 will have an
average height of

A. between 163 to 167 cm

B. less than 162 cm
ACTIVITY
C. greater than 161 cm
 Thanks!
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