Theory of Complex Variables-Practice Problems

Short and Long Answer Questions

Unit-1-Complex Functions and Analyticity

1. Define Analytic function and give an example.

2. Write the real and imaginary parts of 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 2 , where 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
3. State the necessary conditions for the function 𝑓(𝑧) to be analytic in Cartesian and Polar
form?
4. Define Harmonic function and find the constant ‘𝑎’ for which the function
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 is harmonic.

5. Find all the values of 𝑘, such that 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑘𝑦 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑦) is analytic.
6. Show that 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 is harmonic.
7. Determine  Z  if it exists.
Lt  Z 
Z 0

𝑦
8. In a two dimensional fluid flow the stream function ∅ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 ), then find velocity potential
function (Ψ).
9. If the potential function is log⁡(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) , find the complex potential function.
𝜕2 𝜕2
10. If 𝑓 (𝑧) is analytic, then show that (𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦2 ) |⁡𝑅𝑒⁡𝑓(𝑧)⁡|2 = 2|⁡𝑓 ′ (𝑧)|2.
𝜕2 𝜕2
11. If 𝑓(𝑧) is analytic, then show that (𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦2 ) |⁡𝑓(𝑧)⁡|2 = 4 |⁡𝑓 ′ (𝑧)|2
𝜕2 𝜕2
12. If 𝑓 (𝑧) is analytic, then show that (𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦2 ) log|⁡𝑓 ′ (𝑧)| = 0.

13. Show that the function 𝑢 = 2⁡log⁡(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) is harmonic and find its harmonic conjugate.
𝑥 3(1+𝑖)−𝑦 3 (−𝑖)
14. Show that the function 𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑥 2+𝑦 2
at z ≠ 0 and 𝑓 (0) = 0 is continuous and
satisfies Cauchy-Riemann equations at the origin but 𝑓 ′ (0) does not exist.

cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥−⁡𝑒 −𝑦

15. If 𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 is an analytic function and 𝑢 − 𝑣 = .
2 cos 𝑥−𝑒 𝑦 −𝑒 −𝑦
𝜋
Find 𝑓 (𝑧) subject to the condition 𝑓 ( 2 ) = 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
16. Find the analytic function whose real part is 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑦−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
17. If 𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 − 𝑦⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑦) is the real part of an analytic function 𝑓(𝑧), find 𝑓(𝑧).
 Unit-2-Complex Integration

3+𝑖
1. Evaluate ∫0 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 along the line 3𝑦 = 𝑥.
⁡
2. Evaluate ∫𝑐 (𝑦 − 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑖) 𝑑𝑧 where c is the straight line joining from(0,0) to (1,1).
(1,1)
3. Evaluate ∫(0,0) (3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑖𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑧 along 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .
⁡ 𝑑𝑧
4. Evaluate ∫𝑐 𝑧−𝑎 where c is |𝑧 − 𝑎| = 𝑟
⁡ 𝑒 2𝑧
5. Evaluate ∫𝑐 𝑧−2 𝑑𝑧 where c is |𝑧| = 1.

6. State and prove Cauchy’s integral theorem.

7. State and prove Cauchy’s integral formula.
⁡
8. Evaluate ∫𝐶 (𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + ( 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 where 𝐶 is the boundary of the region
bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 .
9. Verify Cauchy’s theorem for the function 𝑓 (𝑧) = 3𝑧 2 + 𝑖𝑧 − 4 if 𝑐 is the square with
vertices 1 ± 𝑖 and −1 ± 𝑖.
⁡
10. Evaluate ∫𝑐 (𝑧 2 + 3𝑧)𝑑𝑧 along a straight line from (2,0) to (2,2) and then (2,2) to (0,2).
⁡ 𝑧 3 −sin 3𝑧
11. Evaluate ∫𝐶 𝜋 3
𝑑𝑧 with 𝐶 ∶ ⁡ |𝑧⁡| = 2 using Cauchy’s integral formula.
(𝑧− )
2

⁡ 𝑑𝑧
12. Evaluate ⁡∫𝐶 (𝑧−2𝑖)2 (𝑧+2𝑖)2 , 𝐶 being at the circumference of the ellipse

⁡⁡𝑥 2 + 4(𝑦 − 2)2 = 4.

⁡ cos 𝜋𝑧 2
13. Evaluate ∫𝐶 (𝑧−1)(𝑧−2)2 𝑑𝑧 where 𝐶 is |𝑧⁡| = 3 by using Cauchy’s integral formula.
⁡ 𝑧+1
14. Evaluate ∫𝐶 𝑧 2 +2𝑧+4 𝑑𝑧 where 𝐶 is |z + 1 + i⁡| = 2.
𝑒 2𝑧
15. Evaluate, using Cauchy's integral formula∮ (𝑧−1)(𝑧−2) 𝑑𝑧 where 𝐶 is the circle|𝑧| = 3.
𝑒𝑧 𝑧4
16. Evaluate ∮(𝑧 3 + (𝑧+𝑖)2)𝑑𝑧 where 𝐶: ⁡|𝑧| = 2 using Cauchy's integral formula.
𝑧 2 +4
17. Evaluate ∮ 𝑑𝑧where c is (a) |𝑧| = 5⁡ (b) |𝑧| = 2.
𝑧−3
⁡ 𝑧 1
18. Evaluate ∫𝐶 𝑧 2 −3𝑧+2 𝑑𝑧 where 𝐶 is |z − 2⁡| = 2 using Cauchy’s integral formula.
 Unit-3-Power Series Expansions of Complex Functions

1. Define pole of an analytic function.

𝑧𝑛
2. Find the radius of convergence of the power series 𝑓 (𝑧) = ∑∞
𝑛=0 2𝑛 +3
3. Write the statements of Taylor’s series expansion and Laurent’s series expansions.
1
4. Expand 𝑧−2 for |𝑧| < 2 in Taylor’s series.
5. Define singularity, isolated singularity and essential singularity of an analytic function.
1
6. Expand 𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑧 2 −𝑧−6 about (i) 𝑧 = −1 and (ii) 𝑧 = 1
1
7. Expand 𝑓(𝑧)= 𝑧 2 −3𝑧+2 in the region (i) 0 < |𝑧 − 1| < 1 (ii) 1 < |𝑧| < 2
𝑧 2 −6𝑧−1
8. Find the Laurent’s series expansion of the function 𝑓(𝑧) = (𝑧−1)(𝑧−3)(𝑧+2) in the region
3 < |𝑧 + 2 | < 5 .
9. Expand 𝑒 𝑧 as Taylor’s series about (i) 𝑧 = 1 (ii). 𝑧 = 3.
10. Obtain the Taylor’s series to represent the function
𝑧 2 −1
(𝑧+2)(𝑧+3)
in the region |𝑧⁡| < 2.

11. Expand 𝑓 (𝑧) = sin 𝑧 in Taylor’s series about 𝑧 = 𝜋/4.

𝑧 2 −1
12. Expand the Laurent’s series of (𝑧+2)(𝑧+3)
about 𝑧 = 0 in the region 2 < |𝑧⁡| < 3.

13. Expand log( 1 + 𝑒 𝑧 ) by Taylor’s series about 𝑧 = 0.

7𝑧−2
14. Find Laurent’s series expansion of 𝑓(𝑧) = (𝑧+1)(𝑧)(𝑧−2) in the region
(i) 0 < |𝑧 + 1| < 1 (ii) 1 < |𝑧 + 1| < 3 (iii) |𝑧 + 1| > 3
1 𝑒 2𝑧
15. What type of singularity have the following functions (i) (ii) (𝑧−1)4
1−𝑒 𝑧
𝑒𝑧
16. Find Laurent’s series which represents the function 𝑧(1−3𝑧) about 𝑧 = 1.

Unit-4-Contour Integration

1. State and prove Cauchy’s Residue theorem.

2. Define residue at a singular point of analytic function.
 𝑧𝑒 𝑧
3. Find the residue of (𝑧−1)3
at its poles.
𝑧 2−2𝑧
4. Find the residues of (𝑧−1)2 (𝑧 2+1)
.
𝑧2
5. Find the residue at each pole of the function 𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑧 2 +𝑎2
1
6. Find the poles and corresponding residues of (𝑧 2−1)3
𝑧𝑒 𝑧
7. Evaluate ∫ 2 𝑑𝑧, where 𝑐 is |𝑧| = 5 by residue theorem.
𝑧 +9
⁡ 𝑧2
8. Evaluate ∫𝑐 (𝑧−1)2 (𝑧−3) 𝑑𝑧, where 𝑐 is |𝑧| = 2 using residue theorem.
⁡ 𝑒 2𝑧
9. Evaluate ∫𝑐 (𝑧−1)(𝑧−2) 𝑑𝑧, where 𝑐 is |𝑧| = 3 using residue theorem.
⁡ 4−3𝑧 3
10. Evaluate ∫𝑐 𝑑𝑧, where 𝑐 is |𝑧| = using residue theorem.
𝑧(𝑧−1)(𝑧−2) 2

⁡ 𝑧−3
11. Evaluate ∫𝑐 𝑧 2 +2𝑧+5 𝑑𝑧, where 𝑐 is the circle given by

(i) |𝑧| = 1 (ii) |𝑧 + 1 − 𝑖 | = 2 (iii) |𝑧 + 1 + 𝑖 | = 2.

2𝜋 1
12. Evaluate ∫0 𝑑𝜃
17−8 cos 𝜃
2𝜋 1
13. Evaluate ∫0 𝑑𝜃
2−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2𝜋 𝑑𝜃
14. Evaluate ∫0 2−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2𝜋 𝑑𝜃 2𝜋
15. Show that ∫0 𝑎+𝑏 sin 𝜃 = ,𝑎 > 𝑏 > 0 using residue theorem.
√𝑎 2+𝑏2

16. Use the method of contour integration to prove that

2𝜋 𝑑𝜃 2𝜋
∫0 = 1−𝑎2 , 0 < 𝑎 < 1.
1+𝑎 2 −2𝑎 cos 𝜃
2𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃
17. Evaluate ∫0 𝑑𝜃 using residue theorem.
6+3 cos 𝜃
∞ 𝑥 2𝑑𝑥 𝜋
18. Prove that ∫−∞ (𝑥 2+𝑎2 )(𝑥 2+𝑏2 ) = 𝑎+𝑏 , 𝑎 > 0, 𝑏 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏.

Unit-5-CONFORMAL MAPPING

1. Define conformal mapping.

2. Define bilinear transformation and write the properties of bilinear transformation.
3. Define fixed point and critical point of a function 𝑓⁡(𝑧).
4. Define Cross-ratio.
5. Explain briefly about the standard transformations
6. Find and plot the image of the triangular region with vertices are (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)
under the transformation 𝑤 = (1 − 𝑖)𝑧 + 3.
𝑧−𝑖
7. Under the transformation 𝑤 = 1−𝑖𝑧, find the image of the circle |𝑤| = 1.
1+𝑖𝑧
8. If⁡𝑤 = 1−𝑖𝑧 , find the image of |𝑧| < 1.

9. Find the critical points of 𝑤 = 𝑧 2 − 4𝑧

1
10. Under the transformation 𝑤 = 𝑧 , find the image of the circle |𝑧⁡ − 2𝑖| = 2.
2𝑧+3
11. Show that the transformation 𝑤 = changes the circle
𝑧−4

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 = 0 into the straight line 4𝑢 + 3 = 0.

12. Find the bilinear transformation which transforms the points 𝑧 = ⁡2, 1, 0 into 𝑤 = 1, 0, 𝑖
respectively.
13. Determine the bilinear transformation which maps 𝑧 = 0, −1, 2𝑖 into 𝑤 = ⁡5𝑖, ∞, −𝑖/3.
14. Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points (−1, 0, 1) in 𝑧 plane into the
points (0, 𝑖, 3𝑖) in the w-plane.
15. Find and plot the rectangular region 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1; 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2 under the transformation
𝑤 = √2⁡𝑒 𝑖𝜋/4 𝑧 + (1 − 2𝑖) .
16. Find the image of the circle |𝑧| = 2 under the transformation 𝑤⁡ = ⁡𝑧 + 3 + 2𝑖.
𝑧−𝑖
17. Show that the transformation 𝑤 = 𝑧+𝑖 transform |𝑤| < 1 into upper half plane

⁡𝐼(𝑧) > 0.
18. Find the fixed points (or invariant points) of the transformation

2𝑖−6𝑧 6𝑧−9 𝑧−1 2𝑧−5

(a)⁡𝑤 = ⁡⁡⁡ (𝑏)𝑤 = ⁡⁡ (𝑐 )𝑤 = 𝑧+1 ⁡⁡(𝑑)⁡𝑤 =
𝑖𝑧−3 𝑧 𝑧+4
5−4𝑧
19. Show that the relation 𝑤 = 4𝑧−2 changes the circle |𝑧| = 1 into a circle of radius unity in
𝑤-plane.
1
20. Find the image of |𝑧 + 1| = 1 under the mapping = 𝑧.