FUNCTIONS

Short Note: -
• Relations
1. One -one
2. Many-one
3. One-many
4. Many-many
• Function
Only one-one and many-one relations are called as functions.

• Notation

𝑌 = 𝑓(𝑋) , X- Independent Variable and Y-Dependent Variable

𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌

• Equality of two functions

Consider f and g are rules of two functions.

When 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑔(𝑋),

Should be Df=Dg and Rf=Rg

SAMITH NISHSHANKA (BSC) 1

• Algebraic Operations on Functions

1. (𝒇 ∓ 𝒈)(𝑿) = 𝒇(𝑿) ∓ 𝒈(𝑿)

2. (𝒇𝒈)(𝑿) = 𝒇(𝑿)𝒈(𝑿)
3. (𝒇⁄𝒈)(𝑿) = 𝒇(𝑿)⁄𝒈(𝑿)
4. 𝒇𝒈(𝑿) = 𝒇[𝒈(𝑿)]
5. 𝒇𝟐 (𝑿) = 𝒇(𝒇(𝑿))
6. (𝒇𝒐𝒈)(𝑿) = 𝒇[𝒈(𝑿)] and (𝒈𝒐𝒇)(𝑿) = 𝒈[𝒇(𝑿)]

• Special functions
1. Even function
If 𝒇(−𝑿) = 𝒇(𝑿), 𝒇(𝑿) is an Evan function. This graph is always symmetric to the Y axis.
2. Odd function
If 𝒇(−𝑿) = −𝒇(𝑿), 𝒇(𝑿) is an odd function. This graph is symmetric to the origin
3. One-One function
let 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 and 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 𝜖𝑋,
When 𝒇(𝑿𝟏 ) = 𝒇(𝑿𝟐 ) , 𝑿𝟏 = 𝑿𝟐 , 𝑓(𝑋) is a One-One Function
4. Onto function
When Co-domain equals to the range, it is an onto function.
5. Invers of a function

If 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 , 𝑌 = 𝑓(𝑋) , 𝑔: 𝑌 → 𝑋 is called as the inverse of 𝑓(𝑋) [𝑓 −1 (𝑋)]

𝑔 = 𝑓 −1
To exists an Inverse of a function, the function must be One-One and onto function.

6. Modulus function
|𝑓|(𝑋) or |𝑓(𝑋)|

Definition;

SAMITH NISHSHANKA (BSC) 2

 7. Piece-wise function
Example: -
𝑥2, 𝑥<1
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥, 𝑥≥1
Graph: -

Questions: -
1. Find the domain and range of following functions

1 1 𝑋
1. 𝑌 = 𝑋−3 7. 𝑌 = 𝑋 2 −5𝑋+6 12. 𝑌 = 𝑋−1
1 1 𝑋−1
2. 𝑌 = 8. 𝑌 = 13. 𝑌 =
√1−𝑋 2 √9−𝑋 2 𝑋+1
1 1 2𝑋
3. 𝑌 = 9. 𝑌 = 14. 𝑌 =
(𝑋−2)(𝑋−3) √𝑋 2 −4 3−4𝑋
2 1+𝑋
4. 𝑌 = 3𝑋 − 1 𝑋−1 15. 𝑌 =
10. 𝑌 = √𝑋+1 𝑋 2 −5𝑋+6
5. 𝑌 = √𝑋 16. 𝑌 =
1
1 1 𝑋 3 −𝑋
6. 𝑌 = (𝑋−1)(𝑋+2) 11. 𝑌 = 2+𝑋 2

1 𝑋2 𝑔(𝑋) 1
2. If 𝑓(𝑋) = 1+𝑋 2 and 𝑔(𝑋) = 1+𝑋 2, prove that 𝑓(𝑋) + 𝑔(𝑋) + 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑓(𝑋)
1 1 1
3. If 𝑃(𝑡) = 𝑡 3 , 𝑄(𝑡) = (𝑡 9 + 𝑡 6 )2 and 𝑅(𝑡) = 𝑡(𝑡 + 1)2 Prove that 𝑄[𝑃(𝑡)] = 𝑅(𝑡)
1 1
4. If 𝑓(𝑌) = 𝑌 2 and 𝑔(𝑌) = 1−𝑌, Prove that 𝑔(𝑌 2 ) = 1− 𝑓(𝑌)
𝑡+2 1+𝑡 2 1−𝑡 2 1
5. If ℎ(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = and 𝜙(𝑋) = ( ) Prove that ℎ[𝑔(𝑡)] =
𝑡−2 𝑡 1+𝑡 𝜙(𝑡)
𝑎𝑋+𝑏
6. If 𝑌 = 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑐𝑋−𝑎
, Prove that 𝑋 = 𝑓(𝑌)
1−𝑋 𝑎+𝑏
7. If 𝑓(𝑋) = log (1+𝑋) , Prove that 𝑓(𝑎) + 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑓 (1+𝑎𝑏)
1 1 28
8. If 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑋
+ 𝑎𝑋 and 𝑓 (5) = 5 , show that 𝑎 = 3
2
9. If 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑋 + 4√𝑋 + 𝑏 and 𝑓(16) = 275 , show that 𝑏 = 3
1
10. If 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑋 2 + 1 , show that 2𝑓(3) − 2 𝑓(−5) = 7
11. If 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏 and 𝑓(2) = 8 and 𝑓(3) = 11, Show that 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = 2
12. If 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ , 𝑓(𝑋) = 2𝑋 + 3, Find 𝑓 −1

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13. If 𝑓: 𝑋 → 3𝑋 + 2, 𝑋 ∈ ℝ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔: 𝑋 → 2𝑋+3, 𝑋 ∈ ℝ, 𝑋 ≠ −1.5, Find the value of X such that
𝑓[𝑔(𝑋)] = 3. And find the 𝑓 −1 (𝑋) and 𝑔−1 (𝑋)
14. If 𝑔: 𝑋 → 8𝑋 − 𝑋 2 , 𝑋 ≥ 4 Find the domain and range of 𝑔(𝑋) and 𝑔−1 (𝑋)
15. Functions f and g are defined by
𝑋
𝑓: 𝑋 → ,𝑋 ≠ 2
2−𝑋
𝑔: 𝑋 → 𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏 where a and b are constant.
I. Obtain an expression for 𝑓 −1
II. Given that 𝑔−1 (4) = 2 and 𝑔𝑓(4) = −8,calculate the value of a and of b
16. The function ℎ: 𝑋 → 𝑋 3 + 𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏 is such that the equation ℎ(𝑋) = 𝑋 has solutions 𝑋 = 2 and
𝑋 = 3 Find the value of a and of b
𝑎
17. A function f is defined, for 𝑋 ≠ 0, by 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑋 + 1, where a is a constant. Given that 6𝑓 2 (−1) +
𝑓 −1 (2) = 0, calculate the possible values of a.
𝑋+1
18. The function g is defined by 𝑔: 𝑋 → 𝑋−2 , 𝑋 ≠ 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 ≠ 5.Find and simplify an expression for
I. 𝑔2 (𝑋)
II. 𝑔−1 (𝑋)
𝑎𝑋+3
III. Function h defined by ℎ: 𝑋 → , 𝑋 ≠ 0.Given that ℎ𝑔−1 (4) = 6,Calculate the
𝑋
value of a
3𝑋
19. The function f is defined by 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑋+2 , 𝑋 ≠ −2. Evaluate 𝑓 2 (4) and obtain an expression in
terms of X, for 𝑓 −1
6
20. Function f and g defined by 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑋−2 , 𝑋 ≠ 2, 𝑔: 𝑋 → 𝑘𝑋 2 − 1, where k is a constant. Given that
𝑎𝑋+𝑏
𝑔𝑓(5) = 7, evaluate k. and express 𝑓 2 (𝑋) in the form 𝑐−𝑋
, stating the values of a, b and c.
𝑏
21. Functions f and g are defined by 𝑓: 𝑋 → 3𝑋 − 𝑎, 𝑔: 𝑋 → 𝑋 , 𝑋 ≠ 0 where a and b are constants.
Given that 𝑓 2 (2) = 10 and 𝑓𝑔(2) = 16, Find the value of a and b.
5
22. Functions f and g are defined by 𝑓: 𝑋 → 4𝑋 − 17, 𝑔: 𝑋 → ,𝑋 ≠ 3.5. solve the equations
2𝑋−7
2 (𝑋)
I. 𝑓 = 𝑔𝑓(7)
−1 (𝑋)
II. 𝑓 = 𝑔−1 (𝑋)
6
23. A function is defined by 𝑓: 𝑋 → 5 − 𝑋 , 𝑋 ≠ 0
I. Find 𝑓 −1 and state the value of X for which 𝑓 −1 is undefined.
II. Find the values of X for which 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑋)
3𝑋−1 2𝑋−1
24. Functions f and g are defined by 𝑓: 𝑋 → , 𝑋 ≠ 2, 𝑔: 𝑋 → , 𝑋 ≠ 3,
𝑋−2 𝑋−3
I. Show that 𝑓𝑔: 𝑋 → 𝑋
II. Evaluate 𝑓 −1 (5), 𝑔−1 (4) and 𝑓𝑓𝑔(7)

𝑒 𝑋 +1
25. A function defined by 𝑓: 𝑋 → 4
for the domain 𝑋 ≥ 0.
2 (0)
I. Evaluate 𝑓
II. Obtain an expression for 𝑓 −1
III. State the domain and the range of 𝑓 −1

SAMITH NISHSHANKA (BSC) 4