Measurements Formulae

Shape Volume(V)
1.Rectangular V=l w h
Prism Or V= Ah
2. Pyramid V = 𝐴ℎ1
3
 2
3. Cylinder V = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
4. Cone 1 2
V = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
5. Sphere 4 3
V= 𝜋𝑟
3
3
6. Cubes V=𝑆
Shape T.Surface Area
1.Prism T.S.A= 2A+hP OR
(Rectangle) =2(lw+lh+wh)
2
2. Cylinder = 2𝜋𝑟 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
2
3. Cone T.S.A = 𝜋𝑟 + 𝜋𝑟𝑠
4. Pyramid T.S.A = Area of
Base + Area of
lateral faces
5. Sphere T.S.A = 4𝜋𝑟 2

6. Cubes 2
T.S.A = 6𝑆
Shape Area (A)
7. Triangle 1
A = 𝑏ℎ
2
8. Rectangle A = l x w
2
9. Square A=𝑠
 2
10. Circle A = 𝜋𝑟
1
11. Trapezoid A = (𝑎 + 𝑏 )ℎ
2
12. Equilateral A = √3 𝑠 2
Triangle 4
13. Regular A = 3√3 S 2 Or
Hexagon 2
1
A = 6× 𝑏ℎ
2
14. Regular A =2(1+√2) 𝑆 2
1
Octagon Or A =8 × 2 𝑏ℎ
15. Regular A = 5× 1
𝑏ℎ
2
Pentagon
16. Rhombus A = 𝑏ℎ Or
1
A= 𝑑1𝑑2
2
Shape Perimeter(P)
17. Triangle P = 3 S 0R
P = a+b+c
18. Rectangle P = 2(l+w)
19. Square P=4S
20. Circle C = 2𝜋𝑟 Or
C = 𝜋𝑑
21. Trapezoid P = a+b+c+d
22. Equilateral P = 3 S
Triangle
23. Regular P = 6 S
Hexagon
24. Regular P = 8 S
Octagon
26. Rhombus P = 4 S
Sequence & Series Formulae
1. 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃:
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
2. Common Difference (d)
𝑑 = 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
3. Sum of n terms of an A.P:
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙 ] 𝑂𝑅
2
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
4. 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑆𝑛 − 𝑆𝑛−1
 𝑎+𝑏
5. Arithmetic mean (𝑥 ) =
2
6. 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝐺. 𝑃:
𝑛−1
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟
7. Geometric mean (𝐺 ) = √𝑎𝑏
𝑎
8. Sum of an Infinite G.P: 𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟
9. Sum of n terms of G.P:
𝑛
𝑎(1−𝑟 )
𝑆𝑛 = ; (𝑟 ≠ 1) 𝑂𝑅
1−𝑟
𝑛
𝑎(𝑟 −1)
𝑆𝑛 = ; (𝑟 ≠ 1)
𝑟−1
10. To find the sum of first 𝑛
𝑛(𝑛+1)
natural numbers: ∑ 𝑛 =
2
11. To find the sum of the squares
of the first 𝑛 natural numbers:
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
∑𝑛 =
6
12. To find the sum of the cubes
of the first 𝑛 natural numbers:
𝑛(𝑛+1) 2
2
∑𝑛 = { } = (∑ 𝑛 )
2
Factorial notation(!):
𝑛! = 1 × 2 × 3 × … (𝑛 − 1)𝑛 𝑂𝑅
𝑛! = 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) … × 3 × 2 × 1
Binomial Theorem & Formulae
𝑛!
1. Combination (𝑛𝐶 𝑟 ) =
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
𝑛!
2. Permutation(𝑛𝑃 𝑟 ) =
(𝑛−𝑟)!
5. Binomial Expansion (when 𝑛 is
a positive integer)
(𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑛
𝑛 𝑛−1 𝑛−2 2
= 𝑛𝐶 0 𝑥 + 𝑛𝐶 1 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑛𝐶 2 𝑥 𝑦
𝑛−𝑟 𝑟 𝑛
+ ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶 𝑟 𝑥 𝑦 … + 𝑛𝐶 𝑛 𝑦

𝑛
In short form:(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) =
Laws of Exponents
1. Product law:
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
𝑥 .𝑥 = 𝑥
2. Power of product law:
( ) 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 .𝑦
3. Power of Quotient law:
𝑥 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
( ) = 𝑛
𝑦 𝑦
4. Negative Exponent law:
−𝑛 1
𝑥 = 𝑛
𝑥
5. Fractional Exponent law:
𝑝/𝑞 𝑞
𝑥 = √𝑥 𝑝
6. Quotient law:
𝑥 𝑚
𝑚−𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑥
𝑥
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚𝑛
7. Power law: (𝑥 ) = 𝑥
 0
8. Zero Exponent law: 𝑎 = 1
Relation between Exponent
and Logarithm.
𝑥
For 𝑎 = 𝑛 ⇒ log 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑥
4
Example: 3 = 81 ⇒ log 3 81 = 4.
Laws of Logarithm
1. Product Law:
log 𝑎 𝑥1 𝑥2 = log 𝑎 𝑥1 + log 𝑎 𝑥2
2. Quotient law:
𝑥1
log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑥1 − log 𝑎 𝑥2
𝑥2
3. Power law:
𝑛
log 𝑎 (𝑥1 ) = 𝑛 log 𝑎 𝑥1
4. Other Extension laws:
i). log 𝑎 (𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 … … ) = log 𝑎 𝑥1 +
log 𝑎 𝑥2 + log 𝑎 𝑥3 + … …
 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3……
ii). log 𝑎 = (log 𝑎 𝑥1 +
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3……
log 𝑎 𝑥2 + log 𝑎 𝑥3 + ⋯ ) −
(log 𝑎 𝑦1 + log 𝑎 𝑦2 + log 𝑎 𝑦3 + ⋯ )
1
iii). log 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = log 𝑎 𝑥
𝑛
𝑚 𝑚
iv). log 𝑥 𝑛 𝑦 = log 𝑥 𝑦
𝑛
log𝑎 𝑥
v). 𝑎 =𝑥