Operation on Matrices

Addition, subtraction and multiplication are the basic

operations on the matrix.
Addition & subtraction:Two matrices must have same order
and add or subtract their corresponding or matching elements.
Example: If , Then
+
The sum/differences ( of two matrices of the same order, and , is the
matrix in which the entry of in the and is , for
Thus if and ,

For Example: Consider, Dorji and Nado are close competitors in a class ten
in 2021 in math and science. They compare their marks at the end of the
academic year. Find their sum and differences of their scores in two
subjects.

Mid-term Examination, 2021 Annual Examination, 2021

Subject & Name Dorji Nado Subject & Name Dorji Nado
Math 95 90 Math 90 92
Science 85 87 Science 88 89
Student Activity.
Is it possible to define the matrix , when
i) A has 3 rows and B has 2 rows
ii) A has 3 columns and B has 2 columns
iii) A has 3 rows and B has 2 columns
iv) Both A and B are square matrices of the same order.

Solution:
 Negative of the Matrix
The negative of the matrix denoted by is the matrix formed
by replacing each entry in the matrix with the additive
inverse. For Example,
If , then
and is any matrix of the same order such that , the zero
matrix, then is called the additive inverse of A. That is
Find the additive inverse of ?
Theorem: If , where are any given natural numbers and
Let A, B, and C be m x n matrices and let c and d be scalars.
 Example: Solving a Matrix Equation
Solve the matrix equation: 2X – A = B for the unknown
matrix X, where:

• We use the properties

of matrices to solve for X.

2X – A = B
2X = B + A
X = ½(B + A)