CHANAKYA CLASSES

1. The total revenue received from the sale of x units of a product is given by 𝑹(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟔𝒙 + 𝟓 in rupees. Find
the marginal revenue when 𝒙 = 𝟓, where by marginal revenue we mean the rate of change of total revenue with
respect to the number of items sold at an instant.

2. A particle moves along the curve 𝟔𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐. Find the points on the curve at which the 𝒚 – co-ordinate is
changing 2 times as fast as the 𝒙 – co-ordinate.

3. A ladder 13 m long is leaning against a vertical wall. The bottom of the ladder is dragged away from the
wall along the ground at the rate of 2 cm/sec. How fast is the height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder
is 5 m away from the wall?

4.Sand is pouring from the pipe at the rate of 12 𝒄𝒎𝟑 /𝒔𝒆𝒄. The falling sand forms a cone on a ground in such a way
that the height of cone is always one -sixth of radius of the base. How fast is the height of sand cone increasing when
the height is 4 cm?

5.Find the values of ‘𝒙’ for which the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒙𝟑 is decreasing.

𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟓𝝅
6.Find whether the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟐𝒙 + ), is increasing or decreasing in the interval <𝑥< .
𝟒 𝟖 𝟖

𝝅 𝝅
7.Show that the function f given by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏( 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙) is decreasing for all 𝒙 ∈ ( , ).
𝟒 𝟐

8.Find the interval in which the function f given by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙, 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝝅 is strictly decreasing.

𝝅
9.Separate the interval [𝟎, 𝟐 ] into sub-intervals in which 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙 is increasing or decreasing.
 CHANAKYA CLASSES
Solutions

𝑑
1.Sol: 𝑅(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 5 ⇒ 𝑀𝑅 = 𝑑𝑥 [𝑅(𝑥)] = 6𝑥 + 36

When 𝑥 = 5, then 𝑀𝑅 = 6 × 5 + 36 = 66 in rupees.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2.Sol: We have 6𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2…..(i) ⇒ 6 𝑑𝑡 = 3𝑥 2 × 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ ∴ 6 (2 𝑑𝑡 ) = 3𝑥 2 × 𝑑𝑡 [∵ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 2 𝑑𝑡

⇒ 𝑥 2 = 4 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±2 By (i), 6𝑦 = (±2)3 + 2 ⇒ 𝑦 = 3, −1. So, the required points are

(2,3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−2, −1).
3.Sol. Consider the ladder of 13 m length be AB.
Also let at any time 𝑡, the lower end of the ladder be at a distance of 𝑥 m from the wall BC and at that
moment, its height on the wall be 𝑦 m.
Consider the figure shown.
𝑑𝑥
We have = 2𝑐𝑚/sec
𝑑𝑡

As 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 132
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
⇒ 2𝑥 × 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑦 × 𝑑𝑡 = 0 ⇒ = − 𝑦 × 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ = − √169−𝑥 2 × 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦 5 5
∴ ] = − √169−52 × 2 = − 6 𝑐𝑚/sec.
𝑑𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑥=5𝑚

5
Hence the height on the wall is decreasing at the rate of 6 cm/sec.

4. Sol: Let 𝑉 be the volume of cone; ℎ be the height and 𝑟 be the radius of base of the cone.
𝑑𝑉 1
Given, = 12𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐; Also, ℎ = 6 𝑟 ⇒ 𝑟 = 6ℎ
𝑑𝑡
1
The volume of the cone is given by, 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ ------- (i)
1 1
On putting 𝑟 = 6ℎ in (i), we get 𝑉 = 3 𝜋(6ℎ)2 ℎ ⇒ 𝑉 = 3 𝜋(36ℎ2 )ℎ ⇒ 𝑉 = 12𝜋ℎ3
𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ 𝑑ℎ 𝑑ℎ 𝑑ℎ 1
Now, = 12𝜋 × 3ℎ2 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 12 = 12𝜋 × 3(4)2 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 1 = 48𝜋 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ = 48𝜋 𝑐𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
3 ′ 2 2
5.Sol: We have, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 . Now, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3 − 3𝑥 = −3(𝑥 − 1) = −3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
Since, 𝑓 is decreasing. So, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) < 0 ⇒ −3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) < 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈
(−∞, −1) ∪ (1, ∞)
Hence, 𝑓 is decreasing on 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (1, ∞)
𝜋
6.Sol: Given,𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥 + ) [2019 BVM/5]
4

[2016 B]
 CHANAKYA CLASSES
𝜋
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥 + 4 )
3𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
As <𝑥< ⇒ < 2𝑥 < ⇒ 𝜋 < 2𝑥 + 4 <
8 8 4 4 2
𝜋 𝜋
So, clearly 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥 + 4 ) > 0 𝑎𝑠 (2𝑥 + 4 ) ∈ 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡.
3𝜋 5𝜋
So, 𝑓(𝑥) is increasing in <𝑥< .
8 8
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
7.Sol: Here 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1+(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)2 × (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) = 2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥

[2017 F]
𝜋 𝜋
As for all 𝑥 ∈ ( 4 , 2 ), 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 < 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 and 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥 > 0
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
< 0𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑥 ∈ ( 4 , 2 ) ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒creasing 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 ∈ ( 4 , 2 ).

# In fact, here 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly decreasing on the given interval as 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0.
8.Sol: we have, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2 cos 2𝑥 − 2 sin 2𝑥
𝜋 5𝜋
For 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 0, 2 cos 2𝑥 − 2 sin 2𝑥 = 0 ∴ 𝑥 = 8, 8
𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
Note that the possible intervals are (0, 8 ) , ( 8 , ) , ( 8 , 2𝜋).
8
𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) < 0 in ( 8 , ) ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is decreasing in ( 8 , ).
8 8

9.Sol: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 cos𝑥 + 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 (−sin𝑥) = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
For 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0, , ∈ [0, ]
4 2 2
𝜋 𝜋
As 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0 in (0, 4 ) so, 𝑓(𝑥) is decreasing in (0, 4 )
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
And 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0 in ( 4 , 2 ) so, 𝑓(𝑥) is increasing in ( 4 , 2 ).