CHANAKYA CLASSES

XII – Core
1. A ladder 5m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled along the ground, away from
the wall, at the rate of 2cm/s. How fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 4m away
from the wall?
2. Sand is pouring from the pipe at the rate of 12 𝑐𝑚 3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐. The falling sand forms a cone on a ground in such a way
that the height of cone is always one -sixth of radius of the base. How fast is the height of sand cone increasing when
the height is 4 cm?
3.The interval in which the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 is strictly increasing is
(A)(−∞, ∞) (B) (−∞, 0) (C) (2, ∞) (D) (0,2)
𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋
4.Find whether the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥 + 4 ), is increasing or decreasing in the interval 8
<𝑥< 8
.

5.Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 18𝑥 2 + 27𝑥 − 7 is always increasing on R.

𝜋 𝜋
6.Show that the function f given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) is decreasing for all 𝑥 ∈ ( 4 , 2 ).
𝜋
7.Separate the interval [0, 2 ] into subintervals in which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 is strictly increasing or strictly

decreasing.
8.Find the point on the curve 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 which is nearest to the point (2,1).
2𝑅
9.Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is . Also
√3

find the maximum volume.

𝑥2 𝑦2
10.Using integration, find the area of the greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse
𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
= 1.

Solutions

1.Sol: Let y m be the height of the wall at which the ladder touches. Also, let the foot of the ladder be x m
away from the wall.

Then by Pythagoras theorem, we have 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 52 ⇒ 𝑦 = √25 − 𝑥 2

Then, the rate of change of height (i.e., y) with respect to time t is given by,
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=− × =− ×2 [As it is given that =2cm/s
𝑑𝑡 √25−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 √25−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡

Now, when 𝑥 = 4m, we have:

𝑑𝑦 2×4 8
= − √25−42 = − 3cm/s.
𝑑𝑡
8
Hence, the height of the ladder on the wall is decreasing at the rate of 3cm/s.

2.Sol: Let 𝑉 be the volume of cone; ℎ be the height and 𝑟 be the radius of base of the cone.
 CHANAKYA CLASSES
𝑑𝑉 1
Given, = 12𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐; Also, ℎ = 6 𝑟 ⇒ 𝑟 = 6ℎ
𝑑𝑡
1
The volume of the cone is given by, 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ ------- (i)
1 1
On putting 𝑟 = 6ℎ in (i), we get 𝑉 = 3 𝜋(6ℎ)2 ℎ ⇒ 𝑉 = 3 𝜋(36ℎ2 )ℎ ⇒ 𝑉 = 12𝜋ℎ3
𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ 𝑑ℎ 𝑑ℎ 𝑑ℎ 1
Now, = 12𝜋 × 3ℎ2 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 12 = 12𝜋 × 3(4)2 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 1 = 48𝜋 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ = 48𝜋 𝑐𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

3.Sol: We have, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 . Now, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 (−1) + 𝑒 −𝑥 2𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥(2 − 𝑥)

Since, 𝑓 is strictly increasing. So, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) > 0 ⇒ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥(2 − 𝑥 ) > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 (2 − 𝑥 ) > 0 [∵ 𝑒 −𝑥 > 0]

⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) < 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0,2)
Hence, 𝑓 is strictly increasing on 𝑥 ∈ (0,2)
𝜋
4.Sol: Given,𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥 + )
4
𝜋
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥 + 4 )
3𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
As <𝑥< ⇒ < 2𝑥 < ⇒ 𝜋 < 2𝑥 + 4 <
8 8 4 4 2
𝜋 𝜋
So, clearly 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥 + ) > 0 𝑎𝑠 (2𝑥 + ) ∈ 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡.
4 4
3𝜋 5𝜋
So, 𝑓(𝑥) is increasing in <𝑥< .
8 8

5.Sol: Here 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 18𝑥 2 + 27𝑥 − 7

⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 12𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 27 = 3(4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9)
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3(2𝑥 − 3)2 ≥ 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 always increasing 𝑜𝑛 𝑅.
# Note that𝑓(𝑥) is strictly increasing for all Real values of 𝑥 except 3/2.
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
6.Sol: Here 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1+(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)2 × (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) = 2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥

𝜋 𝜋
As for all 𝑥 ∈ ( 4 , 2 ), 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 < 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 and 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥 > 0
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = < 0𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑥 ∈ ( 4 , 2 ) ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒creasing 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 ∈ ( 4 , 2 ).
2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥

# In fact, here 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly decreasing on the given interval as 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0.
𝜋
7.Sol: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ [0, ] ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
2

⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 𝑥
For critical points, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 4𝑥 = 0, ±𝜋, ±2𝜋, ±3𝜋, ±4𝜋, . . ..
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
∴ 𝑥 = 0, 4 , 2 ∈ [0, 2 ]

Interval Sign of 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦

 CHANAKYA CLASSES
𝜋 Negative Decreasing
(0, )
4
𝜋 𝜋 Positive Increasing
( , )
4 2

8.Sol: Let 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) be any point on the curve 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥. Let 𝐴(2, 1)
So, 𝐴𝑃 = √(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2
2
𝑦2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝐴𝑃2 = ( 4 − 2) + (𝑦 − 1)2
𝑦2 2𝑦 𝑦3
Now 𝑓 ′ (𝑦) = 2 ( 4 − 2) × + 2(𝑦 − 1) = −2
4 4
3𝑦 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑓 ″ (𝑦) =
4
𝑦3
For 𝑓 ′ (𝑦) = 0, 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 −2 =0∴ 𝑦 =2
4

Note that 𝑓 ″ (2) = 3 > 0

∴ 𝑓(𝑦) is least at 𝑦 = 2.
Hence the distance AP is also minimum i.e., P is nearest to A when 𝑦 = 2.
(2)2
Also, the required point is ( , 2) 𝑖. 𝑒. , (1,2).
4

9.Sol. Let r and h be the radius and height of cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius R.
In 𝛥BDA, BD2 + AD2 = AB2 [By using Pythagoras theorem
⇒ ℎ2 + (2𝑟)2 = (2R)2
4R2 −ℎ 2
⇒ 𝑟2 = …(i)
4

4R2 −ℎ 2
Now volume of the cylinder, 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ = 𝜋 ( )ℎ
4
𝜋
⇒ 𝑉 = 4 (4R2 ℎ − ℎ3 ) [By (i)

Differentiating w. r. t. h both the sides, we get:

𝑑𝑉 𝑑 𝜋
= 𝑑ℎ ( 4 (4R2 ℎ − ℎ3 ))
𝑑ℎ

𝑑𝑉 𝜋[4R2 −3ℎ 2 ]
⇒ 𝑑ℎ = 4
𝑑2 𝑉 𝑑 𝜋
Again differentiating w. r. t. h both the sides: = 𝑑ℎ ( 4 (4R2 − 3ℎ2 ))
𝑑ℎ 2

𝑑2 𝑉 3𝜋ℎ
⇒ =− .
𝑑ℎ 2 2
𝑑𝑉
For points of local maxima and minima, 𝑑ℎ = 0
 2
CHANAKYA CLASSES
𝜋[4R −3ℎ 2 ]
⇒ = 0 ⇒ 4𝑅2 − 3ℎ2 = 0
4
2𝑅
∴ℎ=
√3
𝑑2 𝑉 3𝜋 2𝑅
Now, 𝑑ℎ2 ] 2𝑅 =− ( 3 ) = −√3𝑅𝜋 < 0
𝑎𝑡ℎ= 2 √
√3

2𝑅
So, V is maximum at ℎ = .
√3

2𝑅
Hence, height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is .
√3
𝜋 4𝑅 2 2𝑅 4𝜋𝑅3
Also volume, 𝑉 = 4 [4𝑅2 − ]( ) = ( ) 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
3 √3 3 √3
𝑥2 𝑦2
10.Sol. Given, 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1
𝑏
⇒ 𝑦 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2…(i)
𝑎

Let ABCD be the rectangle.

Also 𝐴𝐷 = 2𝑥, 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑦.
Now area, A = 4𝑥𝑦
⇒ 𝐴2 = 16𝑥 2 𝑦 2
𝑏2
⇒ 𝐴2 = 16𝑥 2 𝑎2 (𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 )
16𝑏2
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎2 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4 ), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝐴2 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎2
16𝑏2
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (2𝑎2 𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 )
𝑎2
32𝑏2
𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑓 ″ (𝑥) = (𝑎2 − 6𝑥 2 )
𝑎2
16𝑏2 𝑎 𝑏
For 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0, (2𝑎2 𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑜, 𝑦 = [𝐵𝑦(𝑖)
𝑎2 √ 2 √2
𝑎 32𝑏2 𝑎2
∵ 𝑓 ″ ( 2) = (𝑎2 − 6 × ) = −64𝑏2 < 0
√ 𝑎2 2
𝑎
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is maximum and thus, A is also maximum at 𝑥 = .
√2
𝑎
√2
Now required area = 4𝑎𝑟(𝑂𝐸𝐴𝐹𝑂) = 4 ∫0 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑎
√2 𝑏
⇒= 4 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
√2
𝑎
𝑎
⇒= 2√2𝑏[𝑥]0 = 2√2𝑏 ( √2
− 0)
√2

⇒= 2𝑎𝑏𝑆𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.