COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 8 a.

4545
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS b. 3950
c. 3789
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter which corresponds to your answer. d. 4200

1. The first duplex satellite is 6. A satellite equipped with electronic devices to receive, amplify, convert
and retransmit signals.
a. Moon
b. Sputnik 1 a. Passive
c. Telstar b. Active
d. Early Bird c. Uplink
d. Downlink
2. The FDMA technique wherein voice band channels are assigned on “as
needed” basis. 7. “The orbit of any planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus”. This is

a. PAMA a. Kepler’s First Law

b. DAMA b. Kepler’s Second Law
c. SSMA c. Kepler’s Third Law
d. CDMA d. Law of Universal Gravitation

3. A form of CDMA where a digital code is used to continually change the 8. The point in an satellite orbit which is farthest away from the earth
frequency of the carrier.
a. Perigee
a. Spread Spectrum b. Apogee
b. Frequency Hopping c. Azimuth
c. Store and Forward d. Ascending node
d. SPADE
9. The first active satellite which transmitted telemetry information
4. The satellite frequency reuse method which sends different information
signals using vertical or horizontal electromagnetic polarization. a. Telstar 1
b. Aguila II
a. Multiple coverage areas c. Palapa A 1
b. Dual polarization d. Sputnik
c. Spatial separation
d. Spread spectrum
10. The portion of the satellite communication link involving the transmission
of traffic from ground station to satellite.

a. Uplink
b. Lowlink
c. Paylink
d. Bus transmission
5. A satellite communication link between Pinugay Earth Station, Philippines
and Mt. Fucino Earth Station, Italy is to be established. If the assigned 11. It is spacecraft placed in orbit around the earth carrying on-board
uplink frequency at Pinugay Earth Station is 6175 MHz, what is the microwave receiving and transmitting equipment.
downlink frequency at Mt. Fucino Earth Station, in MHz?
a. Communication satellite
 b. Terrestrial link d. Regional coverage
c. Transponder
d. Microwave repeater 18. An earth station transmits signal to a satellite 38,500 km., directly
overhead it. What is the propagation delay when the signal is received
12. Satellite position has an/a __________ angle with respect to the horizon. back at the same earth station, in milliseconds.

a. Azimuth a. 257
b. Depression b. 200
c. Elevation c. 285
d. Critical d. 185

13. A satellite that revolves from North to South. 19. When a satellite orbits in the opposite direction as the earth’s rotation
with an angular velocity less than that of the earth.
a. Equatorial
b. Polar a. Orbital
c. Orbital b. Prograde
d. Inclined c. Retrograde
d. Geostationary
14. The Kepler’s Law which is also known as the Law of Areas.
20. The actual user information conveyed through the satellite system.
a. First Law
b. Second Law a. Bus transmission
c. Third Law b. Payload
d. None of the above c. Prograde
d. Retrograde
15. The satellite multiple access technique which uses the spread spectrum
technology is

a. FDMA 21. The spatial separation between geosynchronous satellites

b. TDMA
c. CDMA a. 1 – 3 degrees
d. DAMA b. 3 – 6 degrees
c. 6 – 8 degrees
16. The point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going from South d. 8 – 10 degrees
to North.
22. __________ detects the satellite signal relayed from the feed and
a. Ascending Node converts it to an electric current, amplifies and lower its frequency.
b. Descending Node
c. Apogee a. Feedhorn
d. Perigee b. Satellite dish
c. Satellite receiver
17. The footprint which covers approximately one-third of the earth’s surface d. LNB
using a 17 degree beamwidth.
23. What kind of battery panels are used in some advance satellites?
a. Spot coverage
b. Zonal coverage a. Gallium Arsenide solar panel
c. Earth coverage b. Silicon based panels
 c. Germanium based panels
d. Gallium Phosphate solar panel 30. The first passive satellite transponder

24. Footprint refers to coverage area in the globe a. Early bird

b. Score
a. Satellite radiation polarization c. Moon
b. Satellite navigation d. Sputnik
c. Satellite radiation pattern
d. Satellite coverage 31. Satellites used for intercontinental communications are known as

25. Satellite system or part of a satellite system, consisting of only one a. Comsat
satellite and the operating earth station. b. Domsat
c. Marisat
a. Satellite system d. Intelsat
b. Satellite network
c. Space system 32. AsiaSat 1 covers how many countries in Asia?
d. Multi-satellite link
a. 38
26. Known to be the first satellite capable to receive and transmit b. 40
simultaneously. c. 44
d. 42
a. Syncom I 33. An area on the surface of the earth within which the boresight of the
b. Echo I steerable satellite beam intended to be pointed.
c. Telstar I
d. Score a. Equivalent boresight area
b. Contour boresight area
27. A satellite receives an uplink frequency of __________ MHz from a c. Coordination boresight area
ground station of 3700 MHz. d. Effective boresight area

a. 8150 MHz 34. Refers to a man-made body sent into continuous orbit around the earth,
b. 1475 MHz which provides propagation paths for radio waves between terrestrial
c. 2225 MHz transmitters and receivers.
d. 5925 MHz
a. Rocket
28. What band does VSAT first operate? b. Allotter relay
c. Space shuttle
a. X-band d. Communications satellite
b. C-band
c. Ku-band 35. What is the basic function of a communications satellite?
d. L-band
a. To act as a receiving antenna for broadcast FM
29. Satellite engine use b. To compensate for the antenna limitations
c. To eliminate aerodynamic drag
a. Liguid fuel d. To act as a receiving antenna for broadcast AM
b. Jet propulsion
c. Ion propulsion system 36. Typical round-trip distance and transmission time for a satellite relay
d. Solar jet
 a. About 300 ms and 90,000 km, respectively 42. What is the approximate service life of communications satellites?
b. 90,000 km and about 300 ms, respectively
c. 90,000 mi and about 100 ms, respectively a. 3 years only
d. 90,000 mi and 300 ms, respectively b. 5 to 20 years
c. 20 to 60 years
37. The figure of a satellite defines in orbit d. 100 years

a. Circle
b. Elliptical
c. Parabolic 43. Represents application of the extraordinary advanced technology of
d. Hyperbolic satellites to solve the problem of accurate, reliable, 24 hr/day navigation.

a. Global Positioning System (GPS)

b. Navigation System using Timing and and Ranging (NAVSTAR)
c. A and B are correct
d. LORAN
38. Considered as the corrupting influence(s) in the satellite movement.
44. A system based on the accurate knowledge by the vessel of the position
a. Gravitational pull between the earth and the orbiting satellite of each of four satellites, as calculated by the time with respect to the
b. Atmospheric drag on the satellite user.
c. Orbital ellipse
d. All of these a. GPS
b. A or D
39. The orbit of communications satellites is defined by the angle with c. LORAN
respect to the earth equator, which is the 0 plane. What is (are) the d. NAVSTAR
basic orbital angle(s)?
45. Segment(s) of a complete GPS system is(are)
a. Polar
b. Inclined a. Control segment
c. Equatorial b. Space segment
d. All of the above c. User segment
d. All of these
40. How do we measure the position of a satellite?
46. Its function assures the overall system performance and accuracy
a. By its elevation angle with respect to the horizon
b. By its azimuth angle measured clockwise from the direction of a. Control segment
true north b. Space segment
c. Through the line of apsides c. User segment
d. A and B are correct d. All of these

41. Which of the following cause(s) the satellite’s orbital distortions? 47. The user segment is used to receive signals for the GPS system from the
four satellites, compute the time differences, and determine position,
a. Sun while space segment’s function is(are)
b. Earth
c. Moon a. To receive signals for the GPS system from the four satellites,
d. All of the above compute the distance differences, and determine position
 b. To transmit time codes and orbital position information to the satellite orbiting which is in the opposite direction as Earth’s rotation or
users in the same direction but at an angular velocity less than that of Earth is
c. To assure the overall performance and accuracy known as
d. All of the above
a. Haley’s orbit
48. How do you describe the complete signal path of the satellite b. Elliptical orbit
communications operation? c. Equatorial orbit
d. Retrograde orbit
a. Begins at a ground station, proceeds to an uplink, then to a
downlink, and ends at a receiving ground station. 53. Are satellites that orbit in a circular pattern with an angular velocity equal
b. From the satellite, to a downlink, then to a ground station. to that of earth.
c. Begins at a ground station, proceeds to an uplink, to the
satellite itself, to a downlink, and ends at a receiving ground a. Geostationary or geosynchronous satellites
station. b. Nonsynchronous satellites
d. All of these c. Orbital satellites
d. B or C is correct
49. What is a passive satellite?
54. What do you call of a satellite used to provide satellite services within a
a. A satellite capable of receiving, amplifying, and retransmitting single country?
information to and from earth stations.
b. A bent-pipe or a reflector which bounces a signal from one a. Orbital satellite
place to another. b. Geostationary satellite
c. A satellite which receives transmissions from earth stations, c. Nonsynchronous satellite
stored them on magnetic tape, and rebroadcast them to d. Domestic satellite or domsat
ground stations farther along in its orbit.
d. A or C 55. Which of the following is not an advantage of geosynchronous orbit?

50. How does communication between satellites be achieved? a. No need to switch from one satellite to another as satellites
orbit overhead, therefore, no breaks of transmission due to
a. Using satellite cross-links switching times.
b. Intersatellite links (ISLs) b. High-altitude geosynchronous satellites can cover a much larger
c. Through is ground stations area.
d. A or B is correct c. Geosynchronous satellites require higher transmit powers and
more sensitive receivers because of the longer distances and
51. Which of the following refers to a delayed repeater satellite? greater path loss.
d. Satellite remains almost stationary in respect to a given earth
a. A satellite capable of receiving, amplifying, and retransmitting station, therefore, expensive tracking equipment is not
information to and from earth stations. required at the earth stations.
b. A bent-pipe or a reflector which bounces a signal from one
place to another.
c. A satellite which receives transmissions from earth stations,
stored them on magnetic tape, and rebroadcast them to
ground stations farther along in its orbit. 56. Which of the following parameters (height of the satellite from earth,
d. All of these travel time, rotation period, and the satellite’s line of sight) refer to low-
altitude satellites?
52. Satellite orbiting in the same direction as Earth’s rotation and at an
angular velocity greater than the earth is called prograde orbit; and a
 a. 19,000 – 25,000 mi; 6,879 mi/hr; 24 hr; and 24-h availability
time, respectively a. Polar orbit
b. 6,000 – 12,000 mi; 12,189 mi/hr; 5 – 12 hr; and 2 – 4 hr per b. Inclined orbit
orbit, respectively c. Equatorial orbit
c. 100 – 300 mi; 17,500 mi/hr; 1 ½ hr, and ¼ or less per orbit, d. Geosynchronous orbit
respectively
d. 50 – 95 mi; 25,600 mi/hr, ½ hr; and 1/8 or less per orbit, 62. Orbiting satellite system in Russia which means “lightning” or “news
respectively flash”, used for television broadcasting. It uses a highly inclined elliptical
orbit with apogee at about 40,000 km and perigee at about 1,000 km.
57. There are two primary classifications of communications satellites: one
uses the angular momentum of its spinning body to provide roll and yaw a. Molniya system
stabilization; and the other one is its body remains fixed relative to b. Molnya system
Earth’s surface while an internal subsystem provides roll and yaw c. Molnia system
stabilization. What are they? d. All are correct

a. Gyroscopic satellites 63. Polar and inclined orbits refer to what?

b. Delayed repeater satellites
c. Passive and active satellites a. Any other orbital path, and rotation above the equator,
d. Spinners and three-axis stabilizer satellites respectively
b. Any other orbital path, and rotation that takes over the north
58. How do radiation patterns or beams from a satellite antenna and south poles, respectively
categorized? c. Rotation that takes over the north and south poles, and any
other orbital path, respectively
a. Spot d. Rotation above the equator, and rotation that takes over the
b. Earth north and south poles, respectively
c. Zonal
d. All of these 64. __________ means the farthest distance from earth a satellite orbit
reaches while __________ is the minimum distance.
59. A __________ satellite with an orbital period of one sidereal day or
nominally, 24 h a. Apogee and perigee, respectively
b. Perigee and apogee, respectively
a. Bent-pipe satellite c. A and B are the same
b. Processing satellite d. None of these
c. Geostationary satellite 65. Refers to the line joining the perigee and apogee through the center of
d. ANIK-D communications satellite the earth.

a. Line of sight
b. Line of nodes
60. 19,000 – 25,000 mi height; 6,879 mi/hr travel time; 24-hr rotation; and c. Equatorial belt
24-hr availability time belong to what satellite? d. Line of apsides

a. Low-altitude satellites (circular orbit) 66. The point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going from north
b. Medium-altitude satellites (elliptical orbit) to south; and the point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane
c. Hight-altitude satellites (geosynchronous orbit) going from south to north refer to
d. GLONASS
a. Ascending node
61. An orbit when the satellite rotates in a path above the equator. b. Descending node
 c. Ascending node and descending node, respectively b. By using different satellites
d. Descending node and ascending node, respectively c. By using different carrier frequencies
d. All of these
67. What is the line joining the ascending and descending nodes through the
center of earth? 73. An electronic system called transponder of the communications satellite
is used
a. Line of apsides
b. Line of nodes a. For frequency translations
c. Line of shoot b. To retransmit signals
d. Line of sight c. To receive signals
d. All of the above
68. Refers to the horizontal pointing of an antenna.
74. What do you call of the signal path from the transmitter to satellite and
a. Look angle from the satellite to earth-based receiver?
b. Elevation
c. Azimuth a. Downlink and uplink, respectively
d. Spot b. Downlink
c. Uplink and downlink, respectively
69. What is meant by the angle of elevation? d. Uplink

a. The angle formed between the direction of travel of a wave

radiated from an earth station antenna and the horizontal.
b. The horizontal pointing of an antenna.
c. The angle subtended at the earth station antenna between the
satellite and the horizontal.
d. A or C is right 75. Why is it that the uplink is always higher in frequency than the downlink?

a. Because the uplink suffers greater spreading or free-space loss

of frequency than its lower counterpart
70. The range of frequencies used by communications satellites? b. Since an earth station aims upward with well-controlled
antenna sidelobes
a. from 1 GHz up to 3 GHz c. A and B are correct
b. from 1 GHz up to 30 GHz d. None of these
c. from 30 GHz up to 300 GHz
d. from 300 GHz up to 350 GHz 76. What is frequency hopping?

71. Otherwise considered as radio repeater in the sky. a. A form of CDMA where a digital code is used to continually
change the frequency of the carrier.
a. Transponder b. Available bandwidth is partitioned into smaller frequency bands
b. Satellite and the total transmission time is subdivided into smaller time
c. Sputnik slots.
d. Courier c. Each earth station within a CDMA network is assigned a
different frequency hopping pattern in which each transmitter
72. How does interference between uplink and downlink signals be hops or switches from one frequency band to the next
prevented? according to their assigned pattern.
d. All of these
a. By using different ground stations
77. What is meant by satellite footprint?
a. By a bank of batteries whose charge is maintained by an array
a. Is the earth area that the satellite can receive from or transmit of solar cells
to. b. Liquid fuel
b. Is the function of both the satellite orbit and height, and the c. Nuclear
type of antenna the satellite uses. d. Ac power
c. The geographical representation of the satellite antenna’s
radiation pattern. 83. __________ is the total power consumption for the satellite operation?
d. All of the above
a. About 10 W
78. What (is)are the advantage(s) using 1-GHz and higher frequencies? b. About 150 W
c. About 2000 W
a. Large amount of information can be sent due to large available d. About 25000 W
bandwidth 84. As the height of a satellite orbit gets lower, the speed of the satellite
b. Propagation characteristics are very consistent
c. Signal wavelengths are shorter a. Increases
d. All of these are correct b. Decreases
c. Remains the same
d. None of the above

79. What is meant by link budget? 85. The main function of a communications satellite is as a(n)

a. The sum of all the signal gains and losses along the way. a. Repeater
b. The difference of the signal gains and losses along the way. b. Reflector
c. Identifies the system parameters and is used to determine the c. Beacon
projected C/N and Eb/No ratios at both the satellite and earth d. Observation platform
station receivers for a given modulation scheme and desired P .
d. A or C is right 86. The key electronic component in a communications satellite is the

80. How can satellite maintains its desired orbit consistently? a. Telemetry
b. On-board computer
a. Using small on-board rocket thrusters c. Command and control system
b. Through using guidance system d. Transponder
c. By telemetry channel
d. All of these 87. A circular orbit around the equator with a 24-h period is called a(n)

81. A satellite consists of many subsystem functions incorporated into a a. Elliptical orbit
single system. What is the subsystem responsible for providing the b. Geostationary orbit
primary dc power and the regulated, secondary supply voltages for the c. Polar orbit
satellite circuits? d. Transfer orbit

a. Communication channel subsystem 88. A satellite stays in orbit because the following two factors are balanced.
b. Telemetry subsystem
c. Power subsystem a. Satellite weight and speed
d. Antennas b. Gravitational pull and inertia
c. Centripetal force and speed
82. How do communications satellites powered? d. Satellite weight and the pull of the moon and sun
 d. Solar panel orientation
89. The height of a satellite in a synchronous equatorial orbit is

a. 100 mi
b. 6800 mi 96. The jet thrusters are usually fired to
c. 22,300 mi
d. 35,860 mi a. Maintain attitude
90. Most satellites operate in which frequency band? b. Put the satellite into the transfer orbit
c. Inject the satellite into the geosynchronous orbit
a. 30 to 300 MHz d. Bring the satellite back to earth
b. 300 MHz to 3 GHz
c. 3 GHz to 30 GHz 97. Most commercial satellite activity occurs in which band(s)?
d. Above 300 GHz
a. L
91. The main power sources for a satellite are b. C and Ku
c. X
a. Batteries d. S and P
b. Solar cells
c. Fuel cells 98. How can multiple earth stations share a satellite on the same
d. Thermoelectric generators frequencies?

92. The maximum height of an elliptical orbit is called the a. Frequency reuse
b. Multiplexing
a. Perigee c. Mixing
b. Apex d. They can’t
c. Zenith
d. Apogee 99. The typical bandwidth of a satellite band is

93. Batteries are used to power all satellite subsystems a. 36 MHz

b. 40 MHz
a. At all times c. 70 MHz
b. Only during emergencies d. 500 MHz
c. During eclipse periods
d. To give the solar arrays a rest 100. Which of the following is not usually a part of a transponder?

94. The satellite subsystem that monitors and controls the satellite is the a. LNA
b. Mixer
a. Propulsion subsystem c. Modulator
b. Power subsystem d. HPA
c. Communications subsystem
d. Telemetry, tracking, and command subsystem

95. The basic technique used to stabilized a satellite is

a. Gravity-forward motion balance

b. Spin
c. Thruster control