COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 14 b.

200 KHz & 400 KHz

NAVIGATIONAL AIDS c. 30 KHz & 300 KHz
d. 2 MHz & 4 MHz
Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter that corresponds to your answer.
7. The fifth center tower in an LFR is used for transmitting _____
1. An area directly above a radio range station where practically no reports
signal is heard.
a. hazard
a. radio range b. range
b. cone of silence c. weather
c. coverage area d. direction
d. RDF area
8. The direction of one terrestrial point from another, expressed as
2. A shipboard equipment which measures the distance between the angular distance from a reference direction.
ship’s bottom and the ocean floor by sending the ultrasonic pulses
via a transducer which are reflected at the sea bottom and received a. heading
with the same transducer. b. bearing
c. relative bearing
a. echosounder d. true bearing
b. SONAR
c. Compandor 9. DME operates in the ________ frequency band.
d. Hydrophone
a. LF
3. The ratio of the pulse width to the time between the beginning of 2 b. HF
pulses c. VHF
d. UHF
a. duty cycle
b. doppler shift 10. SONAR equipment feature which enlarges all echoes on the
c. blind speed screen.
d. tracking error
a. grayline
4. A navigation system from which hyperbolic lines of position are b. zoom
determined by measuring the difference in the times of arrival of c. sensitivity
pulses from widely spaced, synchronized transmitting stations. d. ASP
11. A major obstacle in achieving high speed operation in a SONAR
a. LORAN manifested by turbulent water flow.
b. TACAN
c. DME a. transom
d. VOR b. cavitation
c. thru-hull
5. A measure of the ability of the receiver to detect transmission d. shoot thru

a. selectivity 12. Considered to be the SONAR unit’s antenna

b. sensitivity
c. detector a. crystal
d. demodulator b. transducer
c. localizer
6. Radio range stations in LFR operate on frequencies between d. transceiver
e.
a. 20KHz & 40 KHz
13. The speed of sound through water c. ID signal
d. voice modulation
a. 4800 m/sec
b. 1463 m/sec 19. If the peak transmitted power in a radar system is increased by a
c. 4800 miles/sec factor of 16, the maximum range will be increased by a factor of
d. 5000 ft/sec
a. 2
14. What is an electronic measuring equipment used in navigation b. 4
operating in 1 GHz band which provides bearing and distance c. 8
indication? d. 16

a. TACAN 20. After a target has been acquired, the best scanning system for
b. VOR tracking is
c. ILS
d. DME a. nodding
b. spiral
15. An instrument used to measure one location in terms of c. conical
coordinates. d. helical

a. Global positioning system

b. Hydrometer
c. Altimeter
d. Increductometer
21. The coho in MTI radar operates at the

a. intermediate frequency
b. transmitted frequency
c. received frequency
d. pulse repetition frequency
16. The distance in angular degrees in a clockwise direction from
magnetic north. 22. If the target cross section is changing , the best system for accurate
tracking is
a. phase difference
b. azimuth a. lobe switching
c. latitude b. sequential lobing
d. longitude c. conical scanning
d. monopulse
17. _______ is used with a localizer station to indicate the desired
approach path of an aircraft. 23. The number of pulses that occur per second in a radar is called

a. glide slope system a. PRR

b. marker b. pulse train
c. LORAN chart c. pulse width
d. OBI d. duty cycle

18. _______ is a 30 Hz signal which has a constant phase at all points 24. The phenomenon evidenced by the change in the observed
around the VOR station. frequency of a sound or a radio wave caused by the time rate of
change in the magnitude of the radial component of relative velocity
a. reference signal between the source and the point of observation.
b. variable signal
 a. tunnel effect a. 0.01%
b. doppler effect b. 5.5%
c. gunn effect c. 31%
d. end effect d. 97%

25. _______ are non-directional transmitters that operate in the LF and

MF bands.

a. radio beacons 31. Doppler effect allows which characteristic of a RADAR target to be
b. DME measured?
c. ILS
d. LORAN a. distance
b. speed
c. size of target
d. azimuth
26. When a single antenna is intended to be used for transmitting and
receiving , it is necessary to use a 32. Most radar antennas use

a. duplexer a. dipoles
b. diplexer b. broadside array
c. combiner c. horn and parabolic antenna
d. translator d. discone

27. The most commonly used component in a RADAR transmitter is 33. The following are the components of an ILS except:
the _______ tube.
a. localizer
a. dynatron b. glide slope
b. twystron c. markers
c. magnetron d. goniometer
d. cyclotron
34. The following are hyperbolic systems except:
28. A radar display that sweeps outward of the center of the screen
while rotating is known as a. LORAN
b. DECCA
a. CRT c. OMEGA
b. PPI d. TACAN
c. D-scope
d. periscope 35. What do you call an electronic measuring equipment used in
navigation which provides runway direction, distance and height
29. The time from the transmission of a radar pulse to its reception is guidance to permit blind landing?
0.12 msec. The distance to the target is _________ nautical miles.
a. DME
a. 4.85 b. VOR
b. 11.2 c. TACAN
c. 9.7 d. ILS
d. 7.9
36. A radio aid to navigation that uses a rotatable loop or other highly
30. The pulse duration of a radar signal is 600 nanoseconds. The PRF directional antenna arrangement to determine the direction of a
is 185 pulses per second. The duty cycle is radio signal.
 a. DME 43. A long range navigation system in which two pairs of ground
b. RDF stations transmit pulsed signal, which are used by aircraft or ships
c. TACAN to determine their position.
d. VOR
a. LORAN
37. An agency of the United Nations, that formulates standards and b. SHORAN
recommended practices for all civil aviation. c. Gee
d. TCAS
a. ICAO
b. CAA 44. LORAN stands for
c. IATA
d. ATO a. low radar navigation
b. low range navigation
38. LORAN is a navigation system used primarily for c. long range radar navigation
d. long range navigation
a. obtaining fixes over large distances
b. approach control 45. LORAN was developed in the United States during WWII. What
c. blind landing system equivalent to LORAN, which was developed in England and
d. IFF surveillance operation is used for guiding high-flying bombers over Germany during
WWII?
39. TACAN is a navigational aid providing
a. SHORAN
a. speed and height indication b. DECCA
b. bearing and weather information c. OMEGA
c. bearing and distance indication d. Gee
d. cone of confusion
46. What navigational system that uses the principle known as
40. Otherwise known as Coastline refraction or the refraction of waves hyperbolic navigation?
towards the coastline.
a. Gee
a. Polarization effect b. LORAN
b. Land effect c. OMEGA
c. Skin effect d. All are correct
d. Luxembourg effect
47. Navigation principle that depends on the measurement of the
41. Low-power radar uses difference in distance to two fixed stations whose separation
distance is accurately known.
a. RIMPATT
b. TRAPATT a. triangulation
c. Magnetron b. hyperbolic
d. IMPATT c. elliptic
d. pilotage
42. RADAR means:

a. Radio Detection and Rating 48. In hyperbolic navigation, how many sets of hyperbolas are needed
b. Radio Detection and Ranging before a position (fix) is obtained?
c. Radio Distance and Ranging
d. Radio Delay and Ranging a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
 d. 8 d. 960 – 1213 MHz

49. In LORAN system, at least how many ground stations are needed 55. A long-range navigation system that operates at a frequency of 100
before a position (fix) is obtained? kHz. It operates on the hyperbolic principles.

a. 2 a. LORAN
b. 4 b. LORAN A
c. 6 c. LORAN C
d. 8 d. LORAN D

50. In Gee system, at least how many ground stations are needed 56. Tactical LORAN system
before a position or fix is determined?
a. LORAN
a. 2 b. LORAN A
b. 3 c. LORAN C
c. 5 d. LORAN D
d. 7
57. LORAN system used by aircraft that operates independent of
51. In __________ system, one of the ground stations in each pair ground stations to prevent unwanted enemy detection of aircraft
serves as a master station and synchronizes the pulses from the position.
other station.
a. LORAN
a. Gee b. LORAN A
b. VOR c. LORAN C
c. TCAS d. LORAN D
d. LORAN
58. Approximate range of LORAN system
52. In __________ system, all the three stations are synchronized and
both difference distances are simultaneously acquired. a. 200 to 300 miles
b. 500 to 700 miles
a. Gee c. 800 to 1000 miles
b. VOR d. 1200 to 1500 miles
c. TCAS
d. LORAN 59. Approximate range of Gee system

a. 200 to 300 miles

b. 500 to 700 miles
c. 800 to 1000 miles
53. Gee system operates at what frequency range? d. 1200 to 1500 miles

a. 1850 – 1950 kHz 60. In LORAN system, if the ground station is in error, how does it
b. 40 – 80 MHz inform the users?
c. 118 – 135 MHz
d. 960 – 1213 MHz a. by blinking the signal
b. by shutting off the signal
54. Operating frequency of LORAN system c. by inverting the signal
d. by reducing the signal
a. 1850 – 1950 kHz
b. 40 – 80 MHz
c. 118 –135 MHz
61. In LORAN, if the ship moves a path such that every pulse from two
ground stations arrive at the ship at exactly the same time, the ship a. 33
is moving on b. 63
c. 126
a. a circular course d. 252
b. a hyperbolic course
c. a perpendicular course bisecting the transmitter’s baseline 68. Adjacent channels in TACAN system are separated by
d. a straight course joining the two transmitter’s baseline
a. 0.1 MHz
62. In LORAN, if the pilot flies such a path that his equipment b. 1.0 MHz
interrogates a ground transponder and receives return pulses which c. 30 MHz
have a constant time delay between transmission and reception, d. 63 MHz
the aircraft is flying
69. In TACAN system, the transmit and receive frequencies are spaced
a. in circular path
b. in parabolic path a. at 1.0 MHz
c. in hyperbolic path b. at 63 MHz
d. in straight and level flight c. at 99 MHz
d. at 150 MHz
63. A navigational system that is normally used by military, it provides
bearing and range.
70. TACAN system can operate without interference to over how many
a. VOR aircraft at the same time?
b. DME
c. ADF a. 10
d. TACAN b. 25
c. 50
d. 100
64. TACAN operates at what spectrum?
71. Approximate maximum slant-range of TACAN:
a. LF
b. MF a. 100 nmiles
c. VHF b. 200 nmiles
d. UHF c. 400 nmiles
d. 600 nmiles
65. TACAN operates at what frequency range?
72. TACAN provides bearing similar to that of
a. 108 – 112 MHz
b. 330 – 335 MHz a. ADF
c. 962 – 1213 MHz b. Compass
d. 1030 – 1090 MHz c. VOR
d. LORAN
66. TACAN means
73. TACAN provides range or distance similar to that of
a. Tactical Air Navigation
b. Traffic Alert Collision and Navigation a. Barometric-altimeter
c. Traffic Alarm Collision and Navigation b. Radio altimeter
d. Tactical Aircraft Control and Navigation c. LORAN
d. DME
67. The TACAN system has how many two-way channels?
74. In TACAN system, the main azimuth reference burst is transmitted c. image frequency
usually at d. reflected frequency

a. magnetic North 81. Air-to-air TACAN will provide distance information to

b. magnetic South
c. magnetic West a. the interrogating aircraft only
d. magnetic East b. the transponding aircraft only
c. both aircraft
75. The TACAN ground station replies to interrogation exactly d. ground in both aircraft
__________ after receiving the interrogation.
82. When both aircraft are able to display distance information between
a. 10 sec them, the operation is known as
b. 25 sec
c. 50 sec a. bilateral ranging
d. 100 sec b. dual ranging
c. RHO-RHO navigation
76. A TACAN station is identified by means of d. RHO-THETA navigation

a. Morse code 83. Navigation system that derives position based on the measured
b. ASCII distance of two different stations (DME/DME).
c. BCD
d. EBCDEC a. RHO-RHO
b. RHO-RHO-RHO
77. In TACAN system, morse coding is achieved by proper c. RHO-THETA
d. THETA-THETA
a. spacing of pulse pairs
b. variation of pulse amplitude 84. A method of navigation that derives position by measurement of
c. adjustment of pulse repeatation distance and bearing from a single ground station (DME/VOR).
d. pulse with modulation
a. RHO-RHO
78. The basic TACAN operates on b. RHO-RHO-RHO
c. RHO-THETA
a. ground to ground d. THETA-THETA
b. ground to surface only
c. air to surface only 85. Uses hyperbolic principle in position determination.
d. air to air only
a. ADF
79. Which navigational system that is capable of air-to-air ranging? b. VOR
c. LORAN
a. Radio altimeter d. DME
b. TACAN
c. DME 86. Navigation system that operates at VLF and is originally designed
d. ADF for use on ballistic missile submarine.
a. ADF
80. Air-to-air TACAN is possible if the system is modified to receive b. IRS
__________ and by adding a transponding function to the airborne c. OMEGA
equipment. d. NMS

a. standby frequency
b. harmonics
 b. 200 NM
c. 600 NM
d. 5000 NM
87. Hyperbolic navigational system that transmits continuous-wave
94. DME means
a. LORAN
b. DECCA a. altitudes
c. FMS b. distance
d. GPS c. air speed
d. slant distance
88. Co-located VOR and TACAN station is called
95. DME operates at a frequency range of
a. VORTAC
b. VOR/TACAN a. 1030 – 1090 MHz
c. VOR/DME b. 962 – 1213 MHz
d. TACVOR c. 329.3 – 335 MHz
d. 1750 – 1950 kHz
89. A radio navigation whose ground station transmits two signals
(reference and variable). It operates at VHF band. 96. DME measures distance by using

a. DME a. pulse radar principle

b. ATC b. radar transponder principle
c. LORAN c. continuous-wave radar principle
d. VOR d. virtual ground principle

90. VOR uses a sub-carrier of 97. System that enables navigator or pilot to determine its time-to-
station (TTS) or time-to-go (TTG).
a. 9960 Hz
b. 30 Hz a. VOR
c. 60 Hz b. DME
d. 108 MHz c. ADF
d. TCAS
91. Frequency range of TVOR
98. The airborne equipment or component used in DME system is
a. 108 – 117.95 MHz called
b. 962 – 1860 kHz
c. 1030 – 1090 MHz a. interrogator
d. 962 – 1213 MHz b. transceiver
c. duplexer
92. VOR beacons for en-route navigation has a typical output power of d. transponder

a. 50 W 99. What do you call the ground equipment used in DME system?
b. 200 W
c. 50 kW a. interrogator
d. 50 MW b. transceiver
c. duplexer
93. With 200 watts power output VOR station, it can provide a service d. transponder
range up to
100. Equipment such as interrogator or transponder are actually a
a. 25 NM
a. receiver
b. transmitter
c. transceiver
d. any of these