SEALING DEVICES

GASKETS O-RINGS PACKING DRY GAS SEAL MECHANICAL SEAL

1- Used To Seal Non-moving Connecting Surfaces . 1- O-ring seal is a means of closing off 1- Single seal 2- Multiple seal
1- Packing is used in the stuffing box
2- Made From Compressible Materials That Can Be a passageway and preventing an to control the leakage of the liquid a. Internally mounted a. Double seals
Squeezed. ( Metal , Teflon, Cork, Paper, And Rubber) unwanted loss or transfer of fluid. out, or the leakage of air in, where b. Externally mounted b. Tandem seals
Types Of Gaskets 2-The classic O-ring seal consists of the shaft passes through the casing. INSIDE-MOUNTED SEAL.
1- Ring Gasket two elements, the O-ring itself, and a
2- Full-face Gaskets properly designed gland or cavity to contain the PACKING TYPES
1- The most common installation Gland
Plate
3- Spiral Wound Gaskets elastomeric material. is an inside-mounted seal. Atmos
liquid
THE FUNCTION OF THE O-RING
1- Metallic( lead, babbit, 2- the liquid under pressure acts Seal Head
inner and outer diameters are
aluminum and with the spring load to keep the
reinforced with several piles of metal 1- The elastomer is contained in the gland and forced
copper) seal faces in contact.
without filler to give greater stability and into the surface imperfections of the glands and any
better compression characteristics. clearance available to it, creating a condition of “zero” 2- Flexible graphite OUTSIDE-MOUNTED SEALS
clearance and thus effecting a positive block 3- Non-asbestos 1- used for low-pressure
Manufactures Name to the fluid being sealed. applications since both seal faces, liquid
Atmos
Outer Or Trademark
(Centering)
Spiral
Winding
2- The pressure which forces the O-ring to flow is COMMON PACKING ARRANGEMENT the primary ring and mating ring,
Ring Seal Head
FLEXSEAL supplied by mechanical pressure or “squeeze,” are put in tension. This limits the
Inner Ring Material
generated by proper gland design and material The packing is usually Packing lubricant
Stamped On Inner Ring Stuffing box pressure capability of the seal.
( When Other Than Winding Metal
selection and by system pressure transmitted by the impregnated with a
Carbon Steel Or PTFE) And Filler Material 2- used to minimize corrosion that might occur if
fluid itself to the seal element. viscous liquid which:
Outer Ring Material Inner Ring the metal parts of the seal were directly exposed
( When Other Than
Manufactured To O-RING SEALING APPLICATIONS to the liquid being sealed.
Carbon Steel )
ASME B16.20 1. Provides lubrication
Nominal Pipe Size STATIC SEALS DYNAMIC SEALS between the packing DOUBLE SEALS
Shaft
And Pressure Class outer ring Inner ring and the shaft. sleeve
Throat bushing PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
( Standard Gasket Only packing
in which there is which must function between Packing gland Lantern ring ( seal cage) A- BACK TO BACK Neutral
2. Seals off the Circulation
little or no relative surfaces with definite relative 1- The principle of operation of the spiral groove gas seal is the 1- consist of two single seals Liquid
Star foil (filler) hoop microscopic spaces between the packing fibers. balancing of aerostatic and aerodynamic forces to provide a back to back, with the
Gland
motion between the motion, such as the seal on the Plate
This type of gasket is able to accommodate pressures 3. Helps to distribute heat developed by friction stable, minimal running clearance. Housing
mating surfaces; piston of a hydraulic cylinder. primary rings facing in Liquid
from high vacuum to over 700 bar and seal at between the packing and the shaft. 2- When pressure is applied, the forces exerted on the seal are Seal Head
temperatures from cryogenic to 1650°C aerostatic and are present both when the seal is stationary or opposite directions in the
O-RING KIT Mating Rings
IN ORDER FOR PACKING TO OPERATE PROPERLY seal chamber.
rotating. Aerodynamic forces are generated only upon rotation.
GASKET CUTTING TOOLS 1- Compact and self contained 1- The equipment must be in good condition. 3- During rotation the spiral grooves play a vital role by generating 2- The neutral liquid, at a
HEAVY DUTY MACHINE most popular sizes, 2- Shafts should be checked for run out and eccentricity a separating force which helps provide the means of achieving an pressure higher than that of
EXTENSION GASKET CUTTER 2- These kits satisfy the need for to be sure they are within the manufacturer’s acceptable sealing gap. the liquid being pumped, lubricates the seal faces .
an occasional O-ring or use them recommended tolerances. 4- The rotation of the seat scoops gas into the spiral grooves
Circulation Liquid in
as an emergency backup 3- Surfaces in contact with the packing should be where it is induced towards the centre until it meets the sealing B-OPPOSED ARRANGEMENT
and out to cool and
dam. lubricate
finished to the correct smoothness and tolerance.
O-RING CHART 5- This effect compresses the gas at the root of the grooves 1- Two seals are Housing Gland
Plate
INSTALLING CONTINUOUS COIL PACKING creating a pressure increase causing the flexibly mounted face to mounted face to face,
1- Place the O-ring directly on the "lift off" thus establishing an operating clearance. with the primary Liquid Seal Head Seal Head
chart and line up the inside 1. Loosen and remove the gland from the stuffing box. 6-The size and number of grooves and the diameter of the sealing sealing rings rotating Mating Rings
diameter with the cross section, 2. Using a packing puller, begin dam all contribute, to the force balance of the seal, adjustment of on a common mating
2- the correct size is read directly to remove the old packing rings. which will determine whether "lift off" occurs under static pressure
ring .
from the chart. 3. Remove the split lantern ring (if present) and then or at slow speed, a consideration necessary if the seal is to
HOLLOW PUNCH TOOLS continue removing the packing with the puller. survive the crucial period of start up or shut down. 2- The purpose of this arrangement is to fit a seal installation
MEASURING THE CROSS SECTION AND INSIDE DIAMETER 4. check the sleeve for scoring and nicks. If the shaft SPIRAL RIDGE having a shorter axial length than is possible with back-to-back
STATIONARY FACE SEAL GAS IN double seals and still form a buffered area for plant safety.

OF ROTATION
1-This unique device measures sleeve or shaft cannot be cleaned up, it must be CARBON

DIRECTION
replaced. 3- In this case, the neutral liquid is circulated between the seals
the cross section and the inside ‘ X-Tree’
GAP at a pressure lower than that of the process fluid. This pressure is
diameter of all 1/4” to 3”
limited since the outboard seal faces are in tension.
standard size O-rings. Once
Bypass Neutral
the O-ring is placed on the ‘ Biro’ TANDEM SEALS Liquid Circulation
Housing
ADVICES ON GASKET USE cone the size is simply read Inlet Liquid
ROTATING FACE 1- arranged with two
1- clean Seal Surfaces. above the O-ring. single seals mounted in
‘Microdam’
2- Never re-use an old gasket. 2-For O-rings ranging from 3” to 8” the tape is expanded the same direction Liquid Gland
GAS LEAKAGE Gland Plate
3- Avoid Cutting A Gasket Out By inside the O-ring and the size is read from the tape. Note: Don’t Over Tight The Nuts From On Side, this 2- used on toxic or Atmos
May Lead To More Leakage. ‘Phoenix’ Seal Head Seal Head
Hammering On The Material ROTAATING FACE flammable liquids,
PRECAUTIONS WHEN INSTALLING A NEW O-RING Mating Rings
Against The Flange. ( Tends To 5. wrap the packing tightly around a mandrel, which TUGETEN CARBIDE OR which require a buffered
‘T’ Slot SILICON CARBIDE
Cause Lumps In The Gasket 1- Before installing a new O-ring, inspect the sealing should be the same size as the pump shaft or sleeve. Bi-Directional Groove Profiles or safety zone.
Which May Prevent The Flanges surfaces for any abrasions and 6. Each ring should be sealed individually with the split
SEAL FEATURE 3- The outboard seal and neutral liquid create a buffer zone
From Seating Properly). 2- wipe them free of any dust,dirt,or other contaminants. ends staggered 90° .
1- Dry gas seals are in the positive seal class and have the between the liquid being pumped and the atmosphere.
3- Before installation, inspect the 0-ring for any damage. 7. Allow excess leakage during break-in to avoid the
4- Cut Bolt Holes Slightly Larger Than The Bolt Size same basic design features as mechanical face seals with one 4- This arrangement can also be used as a method to break
If faulty, discard it. possibility of rapid expansion of the packing, which
5- The Internal Diameter Of The Gasket Should significant difference. The dry gas seal has shallow grooves cut down the pressure on high-pressure applications.
4- When you install the O-ring, lubricate it. could score the shaft sleeve or shaft so that leakage in the rotating seal face located part way across the face.
Always Exceed The Internal Diameter Of The Pipe
5- Do not stretch the O-ring more than twice its original could not be controlled. MECHANICAL SEAL INSTALLATION PRECAUTIONS
6- use an anti-stick coated gasket where joints are 2- The grooves may be in a spiral pattern; the exact location
size during installation, 8. Leakage should be generous upon startup. If the and pattern vary from one manufacturer to another. Lubrication
frequently replaced for operational reasons. 1- Handle seal with care .
6- do not roll or twist it into place. This may leave a packing begins to overheat at startup, stop the pump and separation is effected by a microscopically thin film of gas. 2- Avoid rubbing off manufacturers applied lubricant .
7- Lubricate bolts and ensure that nuts can run freely
permanent twist in the O-ring and reduce its and loosen the packing until leakage is obtained. 3- This implies some finite amount of leakage, which is quite
down the threads before use. 3- Ensure that parts are absolutely clean at all times.
effectiveness and shorten its life. Restart only if the packing is leaking. small but must be accounted for in the design. 4- Read installation instructions carefully before installing seal.
8-Always Use The Thinnest Gasket, If Flange
7- When installing an O-ring, take extreme care to avoid 4- The stationery mounted seal unit comprises a spring loaded, 5- Inspect stuffing box internals, shaft, and sleeve for sharp burrs
Surfaces Are Rough And Cannot Be Refaced, Use NOTE ’O’ ring sealed carbon face, held as an integral unit in stainless
A Thicker Gasket. forcing it over sharp edges, corners, and threaded that will damage o- rings.
steel retainer.
9- Do not use sealing compounds or grease on joints. sections. You should use some type of sleeve or cover It is usually necessary to allow some leakage to occur in 6-Check the shaft for run out and alignment.
to avoid damaging the O-ring. 5- An 'O' ring sealed rotating seat, normally manufactured from
They reduce the friction between gasket and flange order to remove the heat that is generated by friction tungsten carbide, is profiled with a series of spiral grooves 7-Don’t operate seals dry of the faces will gall and tear up.
which can allow a gasket to stress-relax and creep, between the packing and the shaft. This leakage may having a depth of between 0.0025 to 0.010mm as illustrated. 8-Ensure that all cooling lines are not kinked or damaged.
leading to premature failure. LABYRINTH SEAL 9- Avoid using hot liquids as it may vaporize and vapour –lock
amount to only a few drops per minute, but in a chemical
Advantages: BENEFITS sealing faces areas.
GASKET INSTALLATION PRECAUTIONS pump this may be unacceptable due to the value of the
Simplest and least expensive product lost or the safety hazard it may create.
1- No pressure is on the line.
2- The line pressure valves, are secured, wired closed, and tagged. of non-contacting types. 1- No Wear SEGAS / UNION FENOSA GAS
PACKING BOX
3- The line is completely drained. Disadvantage : 2- No Seal Oil System DAMIETTA LNG PLANT - TRAINING CENTRE
4- At least two flange-securing bolts and nuts diametrically opposite Advantages: Disadvantages 3- No Process Contaminations MECH. INSTRUCTOR YASSER HANAFY MAHMOUD
Highest leakage rate among Type 28AT
remain in place until the others are removed, then slackened to 1- Simplest, 1- Highest leakage rate; 4- Lower Power Consumption UNDER SUPERVISION OF MR. CHRIS ALEXANDRE
allow breaking of the joint, and removed after the line is clear. non-contacting seals.
2- least expensive and , leakage increases with 5- Improved Rotor System Stability Dry gas seal cartridge Date: June,03, 2005 Training Aid - Rev.# 0
5- Proper ventilation before joints are broken in closed areas.
3- most familiar design. time as packing wears. 6- Improved Operational Safety SEALING DEVICES (SLIDE 1 OF1)