SSP032 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

Module 4

ZERO HUNGER
Sustainable Development Goal No. 2

Prepared by:
Engr. Kristan Ian Cabaña
IE Department
 Definition
Importance
CONTENT
Goals & Targets
Key Statistics
Accomplishments &
Challenges
Future Prospects &
Strategies

PREPARED BY: ENGR. KRISTAN IAN D. CABAÑA

Hunger is the leading cause of death in the
world. Our planet has provided us with
tremendous resources, but unequal access
and inefficient handling leaves millions of
people malnourished. If we promote
sustainable agriculture with modern
technologies and fair distribution systems,
we can sustain the whole world’s
population and make sure that nobody will
ever suffer from hunger again.

PREPARED BY: ENGR. KRISTAN IAN D. CABAÑA

IMPORTANCE OF ADDRESSING HUNGER
Humanitarian Imperative

Hunger is a fundamental violation of human rights and dignity. Every person has the right to access sufficient, safe, and
nutritious food. Addressing global hunger is an ethical obligation to ensure that no one goes to bed hungry.

Health and Well-being

Malnutrition resulting from hunger can lead to severe health problems, including stunted growth, weakened immune
systems, and increased susceptibility to diseases. By addressing hunger, we improve overall health and well-being,
particularly for children and vulnerable populations.

Economic Development
Hunger hinders economic development by limiting the physical and cognitive development of individuals. Well-nourished
people are more productive, leading to increased economic growth at the individual, community, and national levels.

PREPARED BY: ENGR. KRISTAN IAN D. CABAÑA

IMPORTANCE OF ADDRESSING HUNGER
Food Security
Hunger is closely tied to food security. Ensuring a stable food supply not only alleviates immediate hunger but also reduces
vulnerability to food crises caused by natural disasters, conflict, and other factors.

Conflict Prevention

Food scarcity and hunger can be root causes of conflicts and instability. Addressing hunger can contribute to conflict
prevention by reducing the desperation and competition for resources that can lead to violence.

Environmental Sustainability

Sustainable agricultural practices, which are essential for addressing hunger, promote environmental conservation and
reduce the negative impacts of agriculture on ecosystems. Hunger reduction and sustainable food production are
interconnected goals that benefit both people and the planet.

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The Targets

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The Targets

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FACTS AND FIGURES RELATED TO SDG1

• Despite global efforts, in 2022, an estimated 45 million children under the age of 5 suffered from
wasting, 148 million had stunted growth and 37 million were overweight. A fundamental shift in
trajectory is needed to achieve the 2030 nutrition targets.

• To achieve zero hunger by 2030, urgent coordinated action and policy solutions are imperative to
address entrenched inequalities, transform food systems, invest in sustainable agricultural
practices, and reduce and mitigate the impact of conflict and the pandemic on global nutrition
and food security.

Source: The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023

PREPARED BY: ENGR. KRISTAN IAN D. CABAÑA

INFOGRAPHIC
Key Statistics

SDG 2 ZERO HUNGER

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PROGRESS AND INFO (2023)

The number of people facing hunger and food insecurity has been on the rise since
2015, with the pandemic, conflict climate change and growing inequalities
exacerbating the situation. In 2015, 589 million people were experiencing hunger,
and by 2021, that number had risen to 768 million. Projections show that by 2030,
approximately 670 million people will still be facing hunger – 8% of the world’s
population, the same as in 2015. Despite global efforts, too many children continue
suffering from malnutrition and the current annual rate of reduction in stunting
must increase by 2.2 times to meet the global target. To achieve zero hunger by
2030, immediate and intensified efforts are required to transform food systems,
ensure food security and invest in sustainable agricultural practices.

PREPARED BY: ENGR. KRISTAN IAN D. CABAÑA

PROGRESS AND INFO (2023)
• Target 2.1: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated an already deteriorating food security situation, with about 150
million more people facing hunger in 2021 than in 2019. In addition, nearly 1 in 3 (2.3 billion people) were moderately
or severely food insecure in 2021. This represents an increase of almost 350 million people since the beginning of the
pandemic. The most worrisome increases were seen in sub-Saharan Africa. The ongoing crisis in Ukraine is yet another
threat to food security.

• Target 2.2: Globally in 2022, an estimated 22.3% of children under age 5 (148 million) were affected by stunting,
down from 24.6% in 2015. Overweight affected 37.0 million children under age 5 (or 5.6%) and wasting affected 45
million (or 6.8%) in 2022. The global prevalence of overweight children has stagnated, and if current trends continue,
the 2030 target will be missed by 17.5 million children. Further, the prevalence of anaemia in women of reproductive
age continues to be alarming, stagnant at around 30% since 2000. And low and lower-middle income economies bear
the greatest burden of stunting, wasting, low birth weight and anaemia.

• Target 2.5: Although 71% of local livestock breeds with a known status are at risk of extinction, progress has been
made in ex-situ cryopreservation: Between 1995 and 2022, the number of local and transboundary breeds for which
sufficient material is available increased from 57 to 287 (out of 7688 local breeds) and from 31 to 175 (out of 1115
transboundary breeds), respectively. At the end of 2021, an estimated 5.8 million accessions of plant genetic resources
for food and agriculture were conserved under medium- or long-term conditions in 846 gene banks in 115 countries
and 17 regional and international research centres, representing a 1.1% year-on-year increase in 2021.

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PROGRESS AND INFO (2023)
• Target 2.a: Investment in agriculture is falling. Government expenditure on agriculture relative to the
agriculture sector’s contribution to GDP has declined from 0.50 in 2015 to 0.45 in 2021 in all regions
except Northern America and Europe, which was driven mostly by the COVID-19 pandemic response.

• Target 2.b: In December 2015, WTO Members adopted the Ministerial Decision on Export Competition,
thus formally agreeing to eliminate all forms of agricultural export subsidies entitlements. Total notified
annual export subsidy outlays fell from their peak of 218 million in 2015 to almost zero in 2021.

• Target 2.c: In 2021, the share of countries facing moderately to abnormally high food prices was 21.5%,
a significant decline from the record-high of 48% in 2020, when the easing of COVID-19 related
restrictive measures prompted strong demand. However, this is still above the 2015-2019 average
(15.2%), reflecting continued increases in food prices, mainly supported by elevated production and
transport costs on account of costlier fertilizers and energy. In sub-Saharan Africa and among LDCs, the
proportion of countries experiencing high food prices increased for the second consecutive year in 2021.

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PHILIPPINES SDG WATCH
By Philippine Statistics Authority

SDG 2 ZERO HUNGER

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INITIATIVES OF PHILIPPINES
The Philippines has implemented various initiatives and programs aligned with this goal. Some of the specific initiatives include:

No Initiatives Description

The Philippines has developed a National Food Policy aimed at ensuring food security and promoting
1 National Food Policy (NFP) sustainable agriculture. It includes strategies to increase food production, improve access to nutritious food,
and enhance the resilience of agricultural systems.

Given the importance of rice in the Filipino diet, the government has launched programs to boost rice
2 Rice Self-Sufficiency Program production and achieve self-sufficiency in rice. This includes promoting modern farming techniques and
providing support to rice farmers.

This school-based initiative promotes nutrition education and encourages schools to establish vegetable
3 Gulayan sa Paaralan Program
gardens. It helps improve the nutrition of school children and promotes sustainable agriculture practices.

While primarily focused on environmental conservation, this program includes tree planting and reforestation
4 National Greening Program
efforts that can enhance soil fertility and support sustainable agriculture.

Fisheries and Aquaculture The Philippines has implemented various programs to boost fishery and aquaculture production, which are
5
Development vital sources of protein for the population.

PREPARED BY: ENGR. KRISTAN IAN D. CABAÑA

INITIATIVES OF PHILIPPINES
The Philippines has implemented various initiatives and programs aligned with this goal. Some of the specific initiatives include:

No Initiatives Description

While primarily a poverty alleviation program, 4Ps includes a health and nutrition component. It provides
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
6 cash transfers to families, contingent on meeting certain health and nutrition conditions, thus indirectly
(4Ps)
addressing food security and nutrition.

Some regions have established community-based seed banks to preserve and promote traditional crop
7 Community-Based Seed Banking
varieties, enhancing crop diversity and resilience in the face of climate change.

The government provides agricultural extension services to farmers, helping them adopt modern farming
8 Agricultural Extension Services
techniques, improve crop yields, and enhance agricultural sustainability.

In urban areas, there is a growing focus on promoting urban agriculture and community gardens to enhance
9 Urban Agriculture Initiatives
food security and nutrition for city residents.

Some local governments and NGOs in the Philippines have initiated campaigns to reduce food waste,
10 Zero Food Waste Programs
promoting responsible consumption and ensuring that food resources are used efficiently.

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Contribute to SDG 2 – Zero Hunger
Start by educating yourself about the issues related to food security,
hunger, and sustainable agriculture. Share your knowledge and raise
RAISE AWARENESS awareness about these issues among your peers, friends, and family.
Organize events, workshops, or awareness campaigns on your
campus to highlight the importance of zero hunger.

Volunteer your time at local food banks or organizations that

SUPPORT FOOD BANKS AND distribute food to those in need. Engage in food drives and donation
campaigns to help provide meals for vulnerable communities in your
LOCAL INITIATIVES area. Advocate for food waste reduction by supporting initiatives
that redirect surplus food to those who are food-insecure.

Engage with local and national policymakers to advocate for policies

that address food security, support sustainable agriculture, and
ADVOCATE FOR POLICY reduce food waste. Join or create student groups or organizations on
CHANGE your campus dedicated to advocating for policies that promote food
access and sustainability.

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Contribute to SDG 2 – Zero Hunger
Practice sustainable eating habits by reducing meat consumption,
supporting local and organic foods, and minimizing food waste.
Promote Sustainable Eating Encourage your campus dining services to offer sustainable and
Habits nutritious food options. Organize workshops or seminars on
sustainable and healthy eating for your peers.

Participate in or initiate community gardens or urban farming

Get Involved in Community projects that promote local food production and education on
Gardens or Farming Projects sustainable agriculture. Collaborate with local farmers and
organizations to learn about and support sustainable farming
practices.

PREPARED BY: ENGR. KRISTAN IAN D. CABAÑA

 "The right to food is the most basic of all human
rights. Freedom from hunger is the first essential for
sustainable development. It is also a fundamental
prerequisite for realizing all human rights."
— Former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan

PREPARED BY: ENGR. KRISTAN IAN D. CABAÑA

 SOURCES:
Department of Economic and Social Affairs (un.org)
SDGs - Philippines (neda.gov.ph)
| Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines (psa.gov.ph)

PREPARED BY: ENGR. KRISTAN IAN D. CABAÑA

SSP032 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

End of Module 4

ZERO HUNGER
Sustainable Development Goal No. 2

Prepared by:
Engr. Kristan Ian Cabaña
IE Department