fact, there is but one literature citation in the
Systems." Following this are derivations of
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structional equipment, animal care, green-
text. The total absence of references to his-
house management, laboratory solutions,
the temperature and pressure dependences
of fugacity and a description of a method of
obtaining fugacity values from compress-
ibility data fnr gases.
In order to avoid problems when dealing
with non-ideal vapors, the ideal solution is
defined in Chapter 9, "Properties of Ideal
Solutions," as a solution in which each con-
stituent's partial mold volume is the same as
its molar volume a t the same temperature
and pressure. The other properties of the
ideal solution are then derived. Raoult's law
and, ultimately, Henry's law appear as con-
sequences of the above definition of the ideal
solution and of ideal behavior by the vapor.
Boiling point elevation and osmotic pressure
equations are then derived. Freezing point
depression is ignored. In dealing with non-
ideal behavior in both vapor and condensed
phase solutions, the author uses the expres-
sions "solutions involving coexisting phases"
and "two phase solutions" whieh are very
confusing since a solution is a single phase.
Actlvity and the activity coefficient are cov-
ered in a page and a half. No indication is
given as t o how activity may he measured.
Chapter 10, "Thermodynamics of Reacting
Svstems." heeins with a descriotion of the
through membranes permeable to single
species. This is illustrated by an uncaptioned
figure to which no reference is made. Extent
~ 1 1 'reaction is used without defining or ex-
plaining the symbolism. Tables of AH?, AG?
rw iC.-",-, ~~
HH".,..l/T datn are absent and
~ ~
sources thereof are not mentioned. The dis-
cussion of equilibrium is good.
Topics covered in Chapter 11, "Thermo-
dynamics of Special Systems,"-"Thermal
Radiation" in which the Stefan-Boltzmann
equation is derived, but Planek's radiation
equation is not. "Fuel Cells" in which electric
wrrk and Lhermadynamicpropertiesofcells
are discussed, "Surface Effects" in which the
IWvin-Helmholtz equation is derived and
"Thermodynamics of General Systems"-are
lreated in one page plus a table which is an
excellent summary of the work possible in
simple systems. The treatment of fuels is, a t
nine pages, the longest and is quite prac-
L i d
In Chapter 12, "Introduction to Thermo-
dynamics of lrreversihle Processes," the
transport equations are stated, followed by
I he discussion of weakly coupled flows with
application to heat and current in thermo-
rlectric circuits, including the Seebeck, Pel-
tier, and Kelvin e f f e c k "Direct Energy
Conversion," the last topic in the chapter,
includes an argument for using thermoelec-
tric generation on the hasis of efficiency.
Althcmgh the treatment is indeed postu-
latory, and aside Rom the too frequent use of
undefined terms, rigomus, there are genuine
reasons tn hesitate to use this book in a
graduate or undergraduate class. An ex-
lrrrnely terse treatment such as this one
needs the help of illustrations. Yet they are
larking in key plaeesas discussed above; only
lwci of the figures have captions, figure la-
A286 / Journal of Chemical Education
torically significant papers, data tables, and
present day applications is dismaying and
would d a c e a ereat burden u ~ o nthe in-
are found only in the examples and problems,
the clear majority af which are derivations.
momas C. Ehlen
Marquene Univmity
Milwaukee. W153233
' "Principles of General Thermodynamics," by G.
N. HatsopOUlo~and J. H. Keenan. J. Wiley and
Sons, Inc.. 1966.
Educators Gulde to Free Science
Materials. Nineteenth Edition
Edited by Mary H. Saterstrorn, Eduea-
tors Proeress Service. Inc.. Randoloh.
WI., 1977. Figs. & tables. 21 x 21 Em:
+
rrxix 419pp. $11.95.
This annual publication lists currently
available free films, filmstrips, slides, trans-
parencies, audiotapes, videotapes, scripts,
transcriptions, and printed science materials.
More than half of the 1658 items are films
and a third are printed materials. All items
are fully annotated and eross-indexed ac-
cording to title, subject, source, and avail-
ability. There are, in addition, source and
availability indices for Australia and Canada.
Although the largest source is the federal
government, there are hundreds of other
sources. such as universities. industrv. .. and
state governments.
In addition to the annotated lists of mate-
rials, there are instructions and suggestions
regarding ordering, a philosophical essay
entitled "Children Learning Science" by
Professor dahn W. Renner, and eight
teacher-prepared units of study which show
how the materialscan besuccessfully used a t
the elementary, junior, and senior high school
levels.
As might he expected, most of the materi-
als appear to he designed for use a t the ele-
mentary and secondary school levels, with
perhaps a fourth of the items suitable for
college students. It seems to me that ele-
mentsryand secondary school libraries def-
initely should subscribe to this Guide. At the
universitv level. lecture demonstrators in
Stanley T. Marcus
c o m a University
Ithaca. NY 14853
A Laboratory Manual for Schools and
Colleges
J o h n Creedy, Heinemann Educational
Books, lnc., London, 1978. Figs. and tables.
+
25 X 19 cm. iii 248 pp. $25.00.
To distinguish this hook from a laboratory
manual used by students, the hook might
better be called a "laboratory handhook."
electronics, hand tools, and power tools.
Vendors of specific laboratory equipment are
also mentioned. Unfortunately, because the
author is British, most are in England.
The sixty-page chapter on laboratory so-
lutions is the longest in the 248~pagebook.
Recipes are included for buffer solutions,
indicators, analytical solutions, and often
used chemistry, biochemistry, and biology
solutiuns. Of the four solutions, this general
chemistry instructor recently prepared, only
one had a reported recipe.
Subjects are discussed a t a hasic level;
depth and detail are absent. Specialized
chemistry handbooks are not replaced by this
reference.
Untrained laboratory assistants, skilled
technicians, and profe&ional scientists are
the author's expected users of this manual.
. .
The book would verv heloful for scientists
educated in one discipline and working in
other disciplines. Scientists educated and
working in the same discipline would better
use the specialized handbooks from their
particular disciplines.
Bill Nickels
Schoolcraft Coliqe
Livonia, MI 48152
Using the Metrlc System
Wilma E. Rollins, J. Weston Waleh,
Pub., 1978. Figs. & tables. 28X 22.5 cm. 1
+ 69 pp. $3.25.
This book appears to he written for stu-
dents who are early teenagers, in high school
or younger. There is no scientific emphasis,
use of powers of ten, nor use of dimensional
nnalv*~;. The txilnlplr< n r p usuall) 01 thr
ntmscwnrlfic wriety mrl largely restricwd T I ,
thv use ,i r,rri~xwfrom mllli- rhroueh - kilw
including deka- and heetu-.
In the first two chapters, the author pre-
sents an interesting history of the earliest
measurements followed by the English sys-
tem nf measurement. The number of prob-
lems or exercises included is far more than
necessary to justify going to the metric sys-
tem. There are almost no examples illus-
trating how these problems are salved.
The last four chapters are devoted t o the
metric system using approximately the same
format as the first two chapters. Unfortu-
nately, the number of errors in these chapters
(including the answers to the problems) in-
creased significantly. Little reference is made
to the current metric standards. The gram is
incorrectly defined as ".. .the mass occupied
Ihy 1 cubic centimeter of water." The day is
defined as ". . . the length of time for one
revolution of the earth around the sun."
Cwwersions within the metric system are
dnne exclusively by moving the decimal
point, completely neglecting the use of pow-
ers af ten. When converting between the
metric system and the English system, the
use of significant figures was for the most part