TACTILE DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN THE

ONE-PESO AND FIVE-PESO PHILIPPINE

NEW GENERATION CURRENCY (NGC) COINS
USING BLINDFOLD EXPERIMENT

Research Study Presented to the

Industrial Engineering Faculty
College of Engineering
Bulacan State University
City of Malolos, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Subject
IE 204L Statistical Analysis for Industrial Engineering 1

Submitted By:
Precious Faustine M. San Juan
Rachel B. Tibunsay
Trisha D. Roldan
BSIE 2A

Submitted To:
Dyan G. Rodriguez, MSIE, PIE, ASEAN Eng.

June 2022
Bulacan State University BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
City of Malolos, Bulacan
Vision Statement
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
The Bulacan State
University is a progressive INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
knowledge generating
institution globally
recognized for excellent
instruction, pioneering LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
research, and responsive
community engagements.
11 June 2022
Mission Statement
The Bulacan State Engr. Dyan G. Rodriguez
University exists to produce Instructor in IE 211/211L Statistical Analysis for
highly competent, ethical Industrial Engineering 2
and service-oriented Department of Industrial Engineering
professionals that
contribute to the
Bulacan State University
sustainable socio-economic City of Malolos, Bulacan
growth and development of
the nation
Dear Ma’am,
Industrial Engineering
Program Educational
Objectives This is to submit the project study entitled “(Tactile
Discrimination Between the One-Peso and Five-Peso
The alumni of BS Industrial
Engineering, three to five
Philippine New Generation Currency (NGC) Coins
years after graduation Using Blindfold Experiment)” on the purpose of
shall: fulfilling the requirement of the course IE 211/211L
Statistical Analysis for Industrial Engineering 2 under
1. Pursue the career as
Industrial Engineers, the program Bachelor of Science in Industrial
including a leading role in Engineering. This is to certify that the department has
the design, improvement the full right to present the project study in different
and installation of fora and to use all or part of it in future works.
integrated systems of Furthermore, the adviser/s and student researchers
people, materials,
information, equipment have an equal right to submit the “original work” for
and energy. paper publication given that the corresponding author
has obtained the consent of his/her co-authors.
2. Demonstrate
specialized knowledge and
skills in the mathematical,
physical and social Sincerely yours,
sciences together with the
principles and methods of Precious Faustine M. San Juan
engineering analysis and
Student No: 2015 – 201993
design to specify, predict
and evaluate the results
obtained from such Rachel Tibunsay
system. Student No: 2020 – 101839
Assume supervisory
3.
positions in the Trisha D. Roldan
manufacturing and service Student No: 2020 – 101796
industries.

2
Bulacan State University BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
City of Malolos, Bulacan
Vision Statement
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
The Bulacan State
University is a progressive INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
knowledge generating
institution globally
recognized for excellent
instruction, pioneering AUTHORSHIP
research, and responsive
community engagements.
Mission Statement
The researchers adhere to the following four criteria in
The Bulacan State authorship recommended by International Committee of
University exists to produce
highly competent, ethical
Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE):
and service-oriented
professionals that
contribute to the
sustainable socio-economic • Substantial contributions to the conception or design of
growth and development of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of
the nation
data for the work;
Industrial Engineering
• Drafting the work or revising it critically for important
Program Educational intellectual content;
Objectives
The alumni of BS Industrial • Final approval of the version to be published;
Engineering, three to five
years after graduation • Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work
shall:
in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or
4. Pursue the career as integrity of any part of the work are appropriately
Industrial Engineers,
including a leading role in
investigated and resolved.
the design, improvement
and installation of
integrated systems of
people, materials, Research Title: Tactile Discrimination Between the One-
information, equipment Peso and Five-Peso Philippine New Generation Currency
and energy.
(NGC) Coins Using Blindfold Experiment
5. Demonstrate
specialized knowledge and
skills in the mathematical,
physical and social
sciences together with the
Authors’ Names:
principles and methods of
engineering analysis and
design to specify, predict Precious Faustine M. San Juan _____ _________
and evaluate the results
obtained from such
system. Rachel Tibunsay _____ ________
Assume supervisory
6.
positions in the
manufacturing and service Trisha D. Roldan _____ ________
industries.

Engr. Dyan G. Rodriguez __________________

3
Table of Contents

Table of Figures............................................................................................................4
Table of Tables.............................................................................................................5
Table of Equations........................................................................................................5

Abstract.........................................................................................................................6
Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................7
I. Introduction............................................................................................................8
A. Statement of the Problem.................................................................................11
A.1 Major Problem...............................................................................................11

A.2 Minor Problems.............................................................................................11

B. Objectives of the Study.....................................................................................11

C. Significance of the Study...............................................................................12
D. Scope and Limitations...................................................................................12
II. Methodology.........................................................................................................14
A. Methodological Framework..............................................................................14
B. Conceptual Framework....................................................................................15
C. Statement of Hypotheses..............................................................................16
D. Description of the Variables..........................................................................17
E. Materials Used..................................................................................................19
F. Description of the Process................................................................................20
III. Results and Discussion....................................................................................22
IV. Conclusion........................................................................................................24
V. Applications and Further Research.....................................................................25
References.................................................................................................................26
Appendices.................................................................................................................27
Appendix A – Rubric for Assessment of Final Project............................................27
Appendix B - Sample Questionnaire/Experimental Setup......................................29
Appendix C – Raw Data (Experiment)....................................................................30

4
Table of Figures

Figure 1 – The 5-Peso and 1-Peso Coins in the New Generation Currency (NGC)
Series (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, 2018)..................................................................8
Figure 2 – Methodological Framework.......................................................................14
Figure 3 – Study Design Parameters.........................................................................15
Figure 4 – Relationship of the Independent and Dependent Variables.....................15
Figure 5 – Material: Small Portable Storage Container..............................................19
Figure 6 – Material: 1-Peso and 5-Peso New Generation Currency (NGC) Coins....20

Table of Tables

Table 1 – Independent and Dependent Variables......................................................17

Table 2 – Research Statistics and Values..................................................................18
Table 3 – Microsoft Excel and Minitab Data Format..................................................18
Table 4 – Test No. 1 Minitab Results: Goodness-of-Fit Tests...................................22
Table 5 – Test No. 1 Minitab Results: Coefficients Table..........................................22
Table 6 – Test No. 2 Minitab Results: Goodness-of-Fit Tests...................................23
Table 7 – Test No. 2 Minitab Results: Odds Ratios for Categorical Predictors.........24

Table of Equations

Equation 1 – Hypothesized Model of the Blindfold Experiment.................................16

Equation 2 – Sample Size Formula............................................................................18

5
 Abstract

After finishing research and experimentation, you need to write a (maximum)

250- word, one-page abstract. An abstract should include the (a) purpose of the

experiment, (b) procedures used, (c) data, and (d) conclusions. It also may include

any possible research applications. Only minimal reference to previous work may be

included. The abstract must focus on work done since the last fair and should not

include a) acknowledgements, or b) work or procedures done by the mentor.

6
 Acknowledgements

The researchers would like to express their gratitude to those people who

contributed their efforts, time, and knowledge to finish this study.

To Engr. Dyan G. Rodriguez: Foremost, the researchers would like to express their

sincere gratitude to their beloved subject professor for her guidance which made the

researchers inspired to continue finishing this research.

To our families and friends: For their care for us all throughout their journey in this

research, thank you for the understanding and for the continuous moral support

given to the researchers.

To our God Almighty: The researchers send praise and endless thanks to the Lord

Almighty who gave them enough guidance, strength, knowledge, and courage in this

research. With Him, everything is possible.

Precious Faustine

Rachel

Trisha

7
 I. Introduction

When the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (literally ‘Central Bank of the Philippines’,

abbreviated as BSP) started to issue the New Generation Currency (NGC) coin

series in December 2017, the bank received backlash regarding the design of the

new coins. Many of the dissenters, particularly those with poor eyesight and public

utility vehicle passengers, noted that the new one-peso (1-Piso) and five-peso (5-

Piso) coins are similar in shape and color unlike the previous coin series issued by

the BSP (Maramara, 2018).

Incidents of people losing more money than what they intended to pay circulated

in social media and documented by local news outlets. It prompted Filipino

lawmakers to propose to recall and revise the NGC coins due to “serious design

flaws”, and to accuse the BSP that aside from not considering public utility vehicle

drivers, the BSP did not also “consider the visually impaired, and senior citizens” in

the design of the new coins (Diaz, 2018).

Figure 1 – The 5-Peso and 1-Peso Coins in the New Generation Currency
(NGC) Series (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, 2018)

8
 Assuming that the old coins previously released by the BSP would be gone from

circulation after replacement, the Philippines would be left to use the one-peso and

five-peso coins with the following specifications (Numismatics Philippines, 2022).

 The diameter and weight of the five-peso NGC coin is 25 millimeters and

7.40 grams respectively, while the diameter and weight of the one-peso

NGC Coin is 2.33 millimeters and 6.00 grams, respectively.

 The edge profile of the five-peso NGC coin is plain while the one-peso

NGC coin has intermittent reeds.

 The thickness of the five-peso coin is 2.20 millimeters while the one-peso

NGC coin is close to its 2.05 millimeters.

 The Filipino hero Andres Bonifacio is featured in the five-peso NGC coin

while the Filipino national hero Jose Rizal is featured in the one-peso NGC

coin.

 The obverse of the five-peso NGC coin has a microprint whereas the one-

peso NGC coin lacks it.

 Both NGC coins have year and mint marks in the obverse, and the current

BSP logo in the reverse.

 The tayabak plant is featured in the reverse of the five-peso NGC coin

while the waling-waling plant is featured in the reverse of the one-peso

NGC coin.

 Only the five-peso NGC coin has a microprint in its reverse side.

According to the Citizen’s Charter of the BSP, included in the mandates of the

bank is to “promote broad and convenient access to high quality financial services

and consider the interest of the general public” (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, 2020).

The BSP answered and insisted to the dissenting public that the coin change was

issued and must be done due to the following reasons:

9
  “To be compliant with the law which requires the change in our coins every

10 years; it has been 25 years since we introduced the existing coins (BSP

Coin Series)

 “To prevent the continued illegal extraction of the metal content of our

existing coins

 “To improve the wear and corrosion resistance capabilities of the coins

 “To enhance the security features to deter counterfeiting such as adoption

of unique Electro-Magnetic Signature (EMS), concealed or latent images,

identifiable edges or reeds” (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, 2018).

According to the World Bank, the exclusion of disadvantaged groups can be very

costly for a nation. Aside from being the cause of social tensions, violence, and

conflict in world societies, social exclusion has significant long-term social and

economic costs (The World Bank Group, 2022). Did the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

really neglect social inclusion in the manufacture of the new NGC coins? Even if it is

simple for many people to deal with money, especially since cashless transactions is

the prevailing business trend today, dealing with tangible money is still exceedingly

difficult for most people. In India, a digital accessibility testing and consulting

company named BarrierBreak tested the design of Indian rupee coins with

accessibility testers and concluded that the identification of “the new coins in a usual

and practical scenario, from a pouch of coins is not quick enough”. The researchers

also argued that the other user groups in the country must be considered in order to

make the coins inclusive and accessible for all (D’sa & Dalvi, 2020).

Tactile discrimination is important not just for the visually impaired in planning

new body actions but also for the art and science of coin minting, and for world

governments in its initiative to provide social inclusion in implementing state policies

especially regarding with how to handle currencies. This study uses a blindfold

experiment to simulate how the visually impaired sector manages to discriminate

between five-peso and one-peso NGC coins.

10
 A. Statement of the Problem

A.1 Major Problem

This study wants to answer the question “How fast must a person be in order

to successfully discriminate between the five-peso and one-peso NGC coins?”

A.2 Minor Problems

The minor problems are:

1. What is the average elapsed time in the successful identification of one-

peso and five-peso NGC coins?

2. Does the manufacturing date of the five-peso and one-peso NGC coins

significantly affect the prediction of a coin’s true denomination under the

blindfold test?

3. What is the average identification rate when the blind identification test is

done for the five-peso and one-peso NGC coins?

B. Objectives of the Study

This study aims to:

 Determine the average elapsed time for the successful identification rate of one-

peso and five-peso NGC coins

 Determine if the manufacturing date of the five-peso and one-peso NGC coins

significantly affect the prediction of a coin’s true denomination

 Determine how successful can the prediction for the true face value of a coin be

when a participant is under the blindfold test.

11
 C. Significance of the Study

The researchers hope to provide significant aid to the following benefactors.

For the Philippine peso users. Through the analysis of the ‘confusion’ that

pervaded the users of the Philippine peso in 2018 – that is, the Filipino people –

upon the implementation of the said coins, this study aims to prevent a future repeat

of this occurrence.

For the visually impaired. According to the European Blind Union, a good

design for the blind and partially sighted is a good design for everybody (European

Central Bank, 2022).

For the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP). The researchers hope that this

study shall aid the BSP in its research about the future design of Philippine coins and

in managing the local currency with consideration about social inclusivity for its

users.

For future researchers. This study would serve as a useful basis for other

researchers in conducting new studies in line with this topic or other related

research. This paper hopes to provide guidance and relevance in furthering the

knowledge base in the academic world for the benefit of all societies.

D. Scope and Limitations

Since this research is an observational study only, it must be emphasized that

results from this study may not be generalizable due to various limitations. This study

limits its scope of studied variables between elapsed time, the accuracy of correctly

identifying the one-peso and five-peso NGC coins, and the manufacturing date of the

coins used in the experiment. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, the researchers can

only conduct a total of 600 trials among six (6) willing participants from Bulacan,

12
Philippines. The participants’ ages are 11, 16, 17, 18, 20 and 24 years. There are

four females and two males among the participants.

The NGC coins used in this experiment have the manufacturing years of

2017,2018, and 2019. The participants are only allowed to identify the coins through

tactile touch of their hands while they are blindfolded using a handkerchief in an area

where night light is being used. The experiment was performed in the first week of

June 2022.

It should be noted that this experiment ignores whether a participant has hand or

nerve problems, i.e. if they perform poorly in the quantitative measure of tactile

(haptic) object recognition when medically analyzed. The warm-up effect in each trial

for each participant is also not controlled.

13
 II. Methodology

A. Methodological Framework

Figure 2 – Methodological Framework

Figure 2 shows that the study starts by collecting data from the observation of

the trials in the composed experiment and proceeding to input and compiling it in

Microsoft Excel. After compiling and arranging the data in Microsoft Excel, the data is

transferred to Minitab for further analysis. It is then investigated through regression

analysis. After analyzing the Minitab regression results, answers relevant to the

stated objectives and problems are concluded.

14
 B. Conceptual Framework

Objectives and scope of the study

SDP 1

Test for the significance of regression

SDP 2

Test for the significance of the individual regression coefficients (t-value, p-

SDP 3 value, and confidence interval, and multicollinearity: VIF analysis)

Determining if the model is adequate (residual analysis & R 2-adj, Cp

SDP 4 statistic, and PRESS statistic)

SDP 5

Figure 3 – Study Design Parameters

Figure 3 shows that study design parameter (SDP) 1 starts this study by

identifying the goal and objectives of this research. In SDP 2, the severity of

multicollinearity is tested by analyzing the variance inflation factors (VIF) according

to the Minitab results. In SDP 3, determining the significant regressors is conducted

using analysis of variance. In SDP 4, the model is refitted again by eliminating the

non-significant regressors. In SDP 5, the best operating parameters for each

regressor is determined by analyzing the resulting Minitab regression

equation/model.

Independent Dependent
Variables Variable

Date of the Precision (Guess

Picked Coin of the
Coin Participant)
Denomination
Elapsed Time

Figure 4 – Relationship of the Independent and Dependent Variables

15
 In Figure 4, the researchers have decided that the following independent

variables are the likely predictors that affect the dependent variable and must be

tested in this observational study. The ‘date of the picked coin by the participant’, the

‘coin denomination’ or the face value, and the ‘elapsed time’ are the independent

variables are held as the predictors. The dependent variable, also acting as the

response variable, is the precision or the ‘guess of the participant’, denoted by

‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’.

C. Statement of Hypotheses

The hypothesized model in this study is

Equation 1 – Hypothesized Model of the Blindfold Experiment

Y = β0 + β 1 x1 + β 2 x 2 + β 3 x 3

Where

Y = precision ( guessof the participant )

β j , j=0 ,1 , 2 ,3=regression coefficients

x 1=date of the picked coin

x 2=coin denomination

x 3=elapsed time ¿ the start of picking the coin¿ guessing the coin

Null hypothesis:

H 0 : β 1=β 2=β 3=0

All the predictor variables x1, x2, and x3 are not significant.

Alternative hypothesis:

H1: β j≠ 0

At least one of the predictor variables x1, x2, and x3 is significant.

16
 D. Description of the Variables

This study involves two variables: the independent and the dependent. Table 1

shows the independent variables on the left side and the dependent variable on the

right side.

Table 1 – Independent and Dependent Variables

Independent Variables Dependent Variable

Variable Unit / Dimension Variable Unit / Dimension
One-peso
NGC coin (1)
Coin denomination
Five-peso Correct
NGC coin (5) Precision (Guess
Year 2017 of the Participant)
Date of the
Year 2018
picked coin
Year 2019 Incorrect
Elapsed Time Seconds (sec)

The independent variable ‘coin denomination’, a.k.a. ‘face value of the coin’, is a

categorical variable that is denoted by ‘1’ and ‘5’ in Excel and Minitab analysis. Its

importance is due to the fact that each of the coins differs with each other in many

physical factors such as its diameter, weight, thickness, and edge profile. The

independent variable ‘date of the picked coin’ is also a categorical variable that is

denoted by ‘2017’, ‘2018, and ‘2019’. ‘Elapsed time’ is the time right from the start

when a participant has picked a coin from its container up to the end when the

participant has guessed its ‘coin denomination’ and it is a continuous variable that is

measured using a stopwatch by the researchers.

The dependent variable ‘precision’ is a categorical variable that is denoted by

either a ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’ in this study. If a participant correctly guesses the ‘coin

denomination’, then it is recorded as ‘correct’. Otherwise, it is recorded as ‘incorrect’.

17
 Table 2 – Research Statistics and Values

Statistic Value
Confidence level (1-α) 90% or 0.9
Significance level (α) 10% or 0.1
Z-score ( Z α ) 1.645
2
Width 8% or 0.08
width
Margin of Error ( E= ) 4% or 0.04
2
P-hat (p̂) 0.5

Table 2 displays the values chosen by the researchers for the statistics. A

confidence level of 90% is chosen, which means that the significance level in this

study is 10% and that the Z-score is approximately 1.645. A width of 8% is chosen,

resulting in a margin of error of 4%. Lastly, this study uses a p-hat of 50%.

Using these statistical values, the sample size can be computed using

Equation 2 – Sample Size Formula

( )
Zα
2
Sample ¿ ( ^p ) (1−^p )
E

Thus, the number of trials conducted in this study, which is 600 trials, satisfies

the requirement of 400 trials using this sample size formula (Glen, 2022).

Table 3 – Microsoft Excel and Minitab Data Format

Date of the Coin Elapsed Time Guess of the

Trial Number
Picked Coin Denomination (sec) Participant
1 2018 1 0.30 CORRECT
2 2018 5 0.45 INCORRECT
3 2018 1 0.50 INCORRECT
4 2018 5 0.35 CORRECT
… … … … …
600 … … … …

Table 3Table 3 – Microsoft Excel and Minitab Data Format shows how the

collected data are input in Microsoft Excel and Minitab software. All the independent

18
and dependent variables are recorded in columns while the trial number is recorded

in rows.

E. Materials Used

The following materials are used in this research.

 Small Portable Storage Container

This holds the coins while the participant picks a coin from it. Error: Reference

source not found shows an example of this container.

Figure 5 – Material: Small Portable Storage Container

 Handkerchief

Handkerchiefs were used to blindfold the eyes of the participant while they pick a

coin from the container and identify its denomination.

 Coins

This experiment uses the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas one-peso and five-peso New

Generation Currency (NGC) coins with the manufacturing years 2017, 2018, and

2019. Thirty coins of each said denomination, thus, sixty coins in total, were used in

this study. Figure 6 shows the coins.

19
Figure 6 – Material: 1-Peso and 5-Peso New Generation Currency (NGC) Coins

 Stopwatch

A stopwatch that can record time in seconds is used. In this study, due to equipment

limitations, the clock application in smartphones was used.

F. Description of the Process

START

The researcher prepares

the needed materials for
the experiment.
The participant is kept
blindfolded for the
duration of 100 trials.

20
 A

The trial starts when the

participant picks a coin
from the storage
container while
blindfolded using one
hand only. The
researcher activates the
stopwatch at this
moment.

The participant guesses

the coin denomination
of the picked coin.
The researcher
deactivates the
stopwatch here.

The researcher records the

elapsed time, the picked coin
denomination, and the
precision of the participant’s
guess as ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’.
The trial ends here.

The researcher
repeats the trials
100 times for each
participant.

END
21
 III. Results and Discussion

Explain your observations, data and results. This is a summary of what your

data has shown you. List the main points that you have learned. Why did the results

occur? What did your experiment prove? Was your hypothesis correct? Did your

experiment prove or disprove your hypothesis? This should be explained thoroughly.

Using binary logistic regression analysis through the Minitab software, the

relationship between the set of independent variables and the dependent variable

can be analyzed. Binary logistic regression is used since the response variable

‘Guess of the Participant’ is a categorical variable with the binary values ‘correct’ and

‘incorrect’. Data is collected past the recommended sample size of 400 trials,

generating a total of 600 trials. Two tests are done: the first test is done to identify

the significant predictor variables, and the second test is done in order to formulate

the model for this study.

Table 4 – Test No. 1 Minitab Results: Analysis of Variance

Analysis of Variance
Wald Test
Source DF Chi-Square P-Value
Regression 5 6.73 0.241
Elapsed Time (sec) 1 0.20 0.658
Coin Denomination 1 2.96 0.085
Date of the Picked Coin 3 3.41 0.333

Table 5 – Test No. 1 Minitab Results: Goodness-of-Fit Tests

Goodness-of-Fit Tests
Test DF Chi-Square P-Value
Deviance 594 749.69 0.000
Pearson 594 599.89 0.425
Hosmer-Lemeshow 8 5.31 0.724

22
 According to Table 5 – Test No. 1 Minitab Results: Goodness-of-Fit Tests,

since the Pearson p-value is greater than the significance level (α = 0.10), this

indicates that we must reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative

hypothesis that at least one of the predictor variables in this study is significant.

Table 6 – Test No. 1 Minitab Results: Coefficients Table

Coefficients
Term Coef SE Coef 90% CI Z-Value P-Value VIF
Constant 0.314 0.566 (-0.617, 1.246) 0.55 0.579
Elapsed Time (sec) 0.0083 0.0186 (-0.0224, 0.0389) 0.44 0.658 1.00
Date of the Picked Coin
2018 -0.936 0.571 (-1.875, 0.004) -1.64 0.101 10.58
2019 -0.881 0.573 (-1.824, 0.062) -1.54 0.124 10.55
2020 -1.81 1.22 (-3.81, 0.20) t-1.48 0.138 1.26
Coin Denomination
5 -0.304 0.177 (-0.595, -0.013) -1.72 0.085 1.02

Table 6 shows the Minitab results using binary logistic regression that the p-

values of ‘Elapsed Time (sec)’ (p-value = 0.658) and ‘Date of the Picked Coin’ (p-

values = 0.101, 0.124, and 0.138) are greater than the significance level (α = 0.10)

as used in this study. These observations mean that the predictors ‘Elapsed Time

(sec)’ and ‘Date of the Picked Coin’ do not have a statistically significant relationship

with the response variable ‘Guess of the Participant’. Meanwhile, the predictor ‘Coin

Denomination’ is statistically significant with the response variable since its p-value

0.085 is less than the significance level 0.10.

The z-value of ‘Elapsed Time (sec)’ (z = 0.44) is not within its 90% confidence

interval (-0.617, 1.246). Its p-value 0.658 is greater than the significance level α =

0.10. Its variance inflation factor (VIF) 1.000 is not greater than

Since the variance inflation factors (VIF) for the ‘Date of the Picked Coin’ is

greater than five (5), then multicollinearity may be present in the data. This means

that the ‘Date of the Picked Coin’ affects another variable in the data, and therefore,

must be eliminated in the formulation of the hypothesized model.

23
 Refitting the model again without the non-significant variables ‘Elapsed Time

(sec)’ and ‘Date of the Picked Coin’, the results are

Table 7 – Test No. 2 Minitab Results: Goodness-of-Fit Tests

Goodness-of-Fit Tests

Test DF Chi-Square P-Value

Deviance 598 753.42 0.000

Pearson 598 600.00 0.469

Hosmer-Lemeshow 0 0.00 *

In the goodness-of-fit tests showed in Table 7, the deviance has a p-value of

0.000 which may indicate that the model fits the sample data and is thus, may be

held to be an accurate representation of it. Since the Pearson p-value is 0.469 and is

greater than the significance level (α = 0.10), we then reject the null hypothesis that

the predictor ‘Coin Denomination’ is not significant to the ‘Guess of Participant’.

Table 8 – Test No. 2 Minitab Results: Odds Ratios for Categorical Predictors

Odds Ratios for Categorical Predictors

Level A Level B Odds Ratio 90% CI

Coin Denomination

5 1 1.3718 (1.0290, 1.8288)

Odds ratio for level A relative to level B

The odds ratio in Table 8 indicates that the coin denomination 5-Peso is more

likely to produce a correct guess of the coin than the denomination 1-Peso.

IV. Conclusion

Answer your problem/purpose statement. What does it all add up to? What is

the value of your project?

24
25
 V. Applications and Further Research

What is the application of your project in daily life/economy? What further

study do you recommend given the results of your experiment? What would be the

next question to ask? If you repeated this project, what would you change?

This chapter presents the summary of application regarding the study of Coin design
analysis:Identification of the new one-peso and five-peso Philippine coins through
modified tactile descrimination test.
This study will benefit the Philippine peso users, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP),
and Future researchers. For the Philippine peso users, this study will help them to
understand the aims to the analysis of confusion to the philippine peso coin. Second
for the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, this will be a guide to improve the security
features of the new philippine coin. Lastly are the future researchers, the result of
trials of experiment of the study can serve as a basis for further researches to be
conducted.

26
References
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. (2018, January 19). 5-Piso and 1-Piso Old BSP Coin
Series and New Generation Currency (NGC) Coins Comparison Chart.
Retrieved June 10, 2022, from Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/BangkoSentralngPilipinas/photos/a.278537878876
715.64837.154917097905461/1619241474806342/?type=3&theater

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. (2020). Citizen's Charter. Retrieved June 2022, from
BSP: https://www.bsp.gov.ph/SitePages/CitizensCharter/CitizensCharter.aspx

D’sa, J., & Dalvi, T. (2020). Study of the new 'visually impaired-friendly' coins
launched by the Reserve Bank of India. India: BarrierBreak.

Diaz, J. (2018, March 29). Lawmaker seeks recall of new coins. Retrieved June 10,
2022, from Philstar.com:
https://www.philstar.com/business/2018/03/29/1801207/lawmaker-seeks-
recall-new-coins

European Central Bank. (2022). European Central Bank Eurosystem: For the
Visually Impaired. Retrieved from European Central Bank:
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/visually/html/index.en.html

Glen, S. (2022). Margin of Error: Definition, Calculate in Easy Steps. Retrieved from
StatisticsHowTo.com: Elementary Statistics for the rest of us!:
https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/hypothesis-testing/
margin-of-error/

Maramara, K. (2018, January 19). ICYMI There’s a New P5 Coin and the Internet
Isn’t Pleased. Retrieved from Yahoo News: https://sg.news.yahoo.com/icymi-
p5-coin-internet-isn-t-pleased-092257947.html

Numismatics Philippines. (2022, June 10). Parts of a Philippine Coin. Retrieved from
Numismatics Philippines: https://www.numismatics.ph/resources/parts-of-a-
philippine-coin.html

The World Bank Group. (2022). Social Inclusion. Retrieved from The World Bank:
https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/social-inclusion

27
 Appendices

Appendix A – Rubric for Assessment of Final Project

DOCUMENTATION RATE
Organization of Materials
Presentation of Material
Grammar and Clarity
FEASIBILITY RATE
Abstract
Assumptions
Methodology
Supporting Evidence
Results and Discussion
Integration and Analysis
References and Citations
Total

Poor Fair Satisfactory Good Exemplary

Rate
(51 – 60) (61 – 70) (71 – 80) (81 – 90) (91 – 100)
DOCUMENTATION
The information
The information
Organizatio

was very
Materials

The information The information The information was organized

organized and
n of

collected was not collected was not was somewhat and contained in
contained in
relevant. organized. organized. recognizable
recognizable
sections.
sections.
The study The study
The study The study
Presentation

The study was contained little contained

of Material

contained contained more

contrary to graphics and graphics and
graphics and graphics and
established paragraphs that paragraphs that
paragraphs that paragraphs that
guidelines/format were not were not
were correctly were correctly
. correctly correctly
formatted. formatted.
formatted. formatted.
The study is well
The study The study
The study written and ideas
Grammar and Clarity

communicates communicates
effectively are well
The study is ideas ideas
communicates developed and
poorly written adequately. The adequately. The
ideas. The explained.
and confusing. study contains study contains
writing is Sentences and
Ideas are not some some
grammatically paragraphs are
communicated grammatical grammatical
correct, but some grammatically
effectively. errors. Many errors. Some
sections lack correct. Uses
sections lack sections lack
clarity. subheadings
clarity. clarity.
appropriately.
FEASIBILITY
The abstract is
well organized
The abstract is The abstract has
The abstract and has a tight
Abstract

The abstract is somewhat an organizational

lacks focus or and cohesive
not appropriate focused or has structure and the
contains major focus that is
to the document. minor drifts in the focus is clear
drifts in focus. integrated
focus. throughout.
throughout the
document.
Assumptions

Provides
Provides Provides clearly
Provides no inappropriate or Provides few
adequate appropriate
assumption to insufficient assumptions to
assumptions to assumptions to
support position assumptions to support position
support position support position.
support position

28
 Identifies
The appropriate
Identifies
methodologies methodologies
appropriate

Methodology
described are The and research Identifies
methodologies
either not suited methodologies techniques but appropriate
and research
to the study. The described are many details are methodologies
techniques but
methodology is either poorly missing or and research
some details are
under-developed suited to study. vague. The techniques.
missing or
and/or is not methodology is
vague.
feasible. largely
incomplete.
Provides
Supportin

Provides Provides clearly

Evidence
Provides no Provides little inappropriate or
adequate appropriate
evidence to evidence to insufficient
g

evidence to evidence to
support position support position evidence to
support position support position
support position
The results The results
The results discussed are clearly align with
The statistics
The results section is consistent with study
used are
section is under somewhat hypotheses and hypotheses and
inappropriate to
developed. developed. the data analytic the data analytic
test study
Results and Discussion

Results section Results section plan. Tables are plan. Tables are
hypotheses. Or,
is incomplete in is incomplete in somewhat well integrated
results are
that tables are that tables are integrated and and discussed in
discussed
not integrated or somewhat discussed in the the section.
incorrectly or
preliminary integrated or section. Controls and
inappropriately.
analyses and preliminary Adequate preliminary
There is not a
statistical analyses and justification of analyses are well
good
controls are not statistical preliminary explained and
correspondence
justified. Results controls are not analyses and justified. The
between the
are not justified. Results statistical statistical results
tables and the
described are sometimes controls. The are discussed in
written
accurately. described statistical results a sophisticated
document.
accurately. are discussed and accurate
adequately. way.
Provides a
Adequately
The integration sophisticated
integrates the
of the findings integration of the
findings within
within the extant findings within
Integration and Analysis

the extant
The integration literature is the extant
literature.
of the findings complete but not literature.
No integration of Addresses how
within the extant convincing Clarifies how the
the findings the findings
literature is enough to prove findings prove
within the extant prove the
superficial or the feasibility of the feasibility of
literature. Fails to feasibility of the
incomplete to the study. Poorly the study.
attend to issues study. Attends to
prove the justifies the Addresses
of feasibility. issues of
feasibility of the strengths, strengths,
strengths,
study. weaknesses, weaknesses,
weaknesses,
and limitations of and limitations of
and limitations of
the current the current study
the current
study. accurately and
study.
insightfully.
The manuscript
has several
References and

instances of Properly cited.

Properly and
improper use of May have a few
Citations

The manuscript The manuscript explicitly cited.

citations. instances in
has no lacks proper Reference list
Contains several which proper
citations. citations. matches
statements citations are
citations
without missing.
appropriately
citing.

29
Appendix B - Sample Questionnaire/Experimental Setup

Quantitative Approach:

1. Number of claims acknowledged by a certification or accreditation body that the

product contributes to a higher level of consumer health or safety. ___________

2. Number of complaints identified during the reporting period related to consumer

health and safety. ___________

Scale-based Approach:

1. The product is labelled for safe handling. YES NO

2. A procedure is in place in the event of an unsafe product recall. YES NO

30
Appendix C – Raw Data (Experiment)
“Bella”, 16 years old, female
Date of Date of
Elapsed Guess of Elapsed Guess of
Trial the Coin Trial the Coin
Time the Time the
Number Picked Denomination Number Picked Denomination
(sec) Participant (sec) Participant
Coin Coin

31