NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AS A LEARNING MATERIAL AND ITS IMPACT ON

THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
OF THE STEM STRAND STUDENTS
IN NCST – SHS

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of

Institute of Industrial Research and Training Senior High School
National College of Science and Technology
Dasmariñas City, Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the subject

APPLIED 004
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Cyrille Kayne A. Magdua

Kloudette M. Samson
Angeline G. Perea
Aslanie M. Cabili
Kirl Jan L. Chow

May 2021
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

APPROVAL SHEET

The Research study entitled THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN

DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS OF SELECTED STUDENTS IN CAVITE
FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022 prepared and submitted by April Ann
T. Competente, and Ana Marie D. Dela Cruz has been examined and
recommended for approval and acceptance.

APRIL ANN T. COMPETENTE

Research Instructor

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

APPROVED by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of

PASSED on July 2022.

HANNAH ROSE AMBOJIA MARY GRACE D. CORPUZ

Grade 12 Adviser IIRT SHS – Vice Principal

CAROLINA P. BAYLEN, LPT, MFL, MBA

SHS – Principal

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject

Practical Research 2.

Date:
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the researchers praise and thank the Almighty God. For

his guidance and blessing throughout the research and its successful completion.

The researchers would like to express their sincere thanks and gratitude to

the following people who guided, supported, and participated in the study, resulting

in its completion. To Ms. Donna Chel Maranan, LPT, research adviser, and the

English (Language) critic, for her patience, dedication, checking and rechecking of

the manuscripts, and sharing her suggestions and constructive criticism, which

meant so much to the researchers for accomplishing this study. To Mr. Alfredo

Rubrico II, Professor, Cluster Head of EDPSYCOMM Department, for his patience,

wisdom, and generous support in the fulfillment of this study.

The National College of Science and Technology for allowing researchers to

conduct a study and makes this all possible. To Mr. Lawrence Lopena, LPT,

Instructor and Validator of the survey, for correcting and making suggestions for

the betterment of the study. To Mr. Jay Lacaba, Instructor and Statistician, who

gave tips, advice, and help in analyzing and interpreting data for the analysis. To

the locales of this study, for allowing the researchers to survey their students. To

the respondents for being cooperative and approachable and for spending time

answering the questionnaire provided. To the beloved families of the researchers

and colleagues for their unending emotional, moral and spiritual support and

believed in their ability to complete the whole study.

- The Researchers
NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

ABSTRACT
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………. i

APPROVAL SHEET …………………………………………………………… ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………. iii

ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….…. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….… vii

LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………….………... viii

LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………….………. ix

APPENDICES …………………………………………………….……………. x

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………. 1

Rationale …………………………………………………………………… 1

Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………… 4

Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………… 4

Significance of the Study …………………………………………………. 5

Scope and Delimitation of the Study ……………………………………. 6

7
Review of Related Literature ……………………………………………………

Conceptual Framework …….………………………………………….….. 19

Definition of Terms ………………………………………………………… 20

METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………… 22

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ……….………………………………......... 30

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………... 37
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Different Mediums of Digital Technology Aiding the Improvement

of the Academic Performance of the Students 30

………………………………….

Table 3.2 The Perception of Students Towards the Use of Digital 31

Technology
as a Learning Material to Improve Academic Performance
33
……………………

Table 3.3 The Impact of Using Digital Technology as a Learning Material

Towards the Improvement of the Academic Performance of the
…………….

LIST OF FIGURES

19
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Figure 1 The Paradigm of the Study ………………………………………….

Chapter 1
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

4
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Objectives of the Study

Specifically, this study aims to:

1.) identify the most frequently used medium of digital technology which could

aid the improvement of the academic performance of the students.

2.) determine the perception of the students towards the use of digital

technology as a learning material to improve their academic performance.

3.) ascertain the impact of using digital technology as a learning material

towards the improvement of the academic performance of the students

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of this study is to determine the impact of using digital

technology as a learning material towards the improvement of students’

academic performance.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1.) What are the different mediums of digital technology which could

aid the improvement of the academic performance of the students?

2.) What is the perception of the students towards the use of digital

technology as a learning material to improve their academic performance?

3.) What is the impact of using digital technology as a learning material

towards the improvement of the academic performance of the students?

5
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Significance of the Study

Significance of the study provides details to the reader on how the study

will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it

also includes an explanation of the work's importance as well as its potential

benefits.

The following are the ones who will be benefited by this study:

Students. This is important to students because they will know the effects

of using digital technology as a learning material towards their academic

performance.

Teachers. The results of this study may provide information to teachers

concerning the impact of digital technology on students’ academic performance.

Through this study, they can select the best and appropriate medium of

technology in teaching to improve the performance of the students.

Parents. The results of this study may make parents realize the

importance of digital technology in improving students’ academic performance.

They can help their children develop skills by providing them the necessary

learning materials and technology.

School Administrators. The results of this study may provide an

information on how school administrators can help integrate digital technology to

help the students develop their academic performance.

 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite 6
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Future Researchers - Future researcher can use the findings of the study

as a basis for their future studies. They can get some information and data that

they needed regarding about the study that will serve as their reference material

if they would like to conduct a similar study.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study mainly focused on the impact of using digital technology as

learning material towards the improvement of the students' academic

performance; find the most frequently used mediums of digital technology that

will aid the improvement of the academic performance of the students and

determine the perception of students towards the use of digital technology as a

learning material.

The convergent parallel design was used in this study to compare and relate

quantitative and qualitative data. Using Slovin’s formula, 246 STEM Strand

students of National College of Science and Technology – SHS were selected

through simple random sampling. In order to collect the data from the

respondents, a structured interview and a researcher-made survey questionnaire

which was validated by a panel of experts were used. The study was limited to

STEM students because they are more exposed to digital technology than any

other strands.

The study started on February 2021 and ended on May 2021.

 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature 10

Local Literature

Foreign Studies

Local Studies

19

Conceptual Framework
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT 20

Definition of Terms

The following terminologies defined are keywords used in the study in

order to have a clear understanding of the whole concept of the study.

Academic Performance – defined by a student’s reporting of

GPAs/GWAs. It is a term used to describe things that relate to the work

performed in universities and academic achievements of students in K-12

institutions. It extends to achievement outside the classroom.

Digital Technology – includes all types of electronic equipment and

applications that use information in the form of numeric code. Devices that

process and use digital information include personal computers, calculators,

automobiles, traffic light controllers, etc.

Effectivity - power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about

an effect.

GPA - Grade Point Average, is a number that indicates how well or how

high you scored in your courses on average.

GWA - General Weighted Average, is a representation (often numerical)

of the overall scholastic standing of students used for evaluation.

Knowledge Retention - Knowledge retention involves capturing

knowledge in the organization so that it can be used later.

 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite 21
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

STEM – is an approach to learning and development that integrates the

areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Through STEM,

students develop key skills including: problem solving, creativity, critical analysis,

teamwork, independent thinking, initiative, communication, digital literacy.

Teaching Materials – are also called instructional/learning materials; the

resources a teacher uses to deliver instruction. These are the tools that will assist

and support student learning. These materials play a large role in making

knowledge accessible to a learner and can encourage a student to engage with

knowledge in different ways.

Visual Learners - Visual learners remember best if they can take notes

with words and pictures. They are more likely to forget things they hear if they do

not write them down.

 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research procedures used in the study. It

describes the design of the study, the respondents of the study, the instruments

used, the validity and reliability of the instrument, the data gathering procedure,

and the statistical tools employed in the analysis of data in determining the

impact of digital technology on improving students’ academic performance.

Research Design

This research approach used in this study is quantitative research.

Quantitative research is an inquiry into a social problem, explain phenomena by

gathering numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods

e.g., in particular statistics (Aliaga& Gunderson, 2002) 23

The research design used in this study is causal – comparative Research.

Causal-comparative research attempts to establish cause-effect relationships

among the variables. These types of design are very similar to true experiments,

but with some key differences. An independent variable is identified but not

manipulated by the experimenter, and effects of the independent variable on the

dependent variable are measured. The researcher does not randomly assign

groups and must use ones that are naturally formed or pre-existing groups.

Identified control groups exposed to the treatment variable are studied and

compared to groups who are not.

 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Sources of Data

Slovins’ formula was used to calculate the sample size. The total

population was 640 STEM students and the margin of error was set to 5%.

Finally, 246 STEM students were selected as respondents at National College of

Science and Technology enrolled this academic year 2020-2021. They were

selected using the simple random sampling technique.

Sampling Technique

Simple random sampling technique was used to give the population of the

STEM students with equal chances of being included in the study. Simple

random sample is a randomly selected subset of a population. In this sampling

method, each member of the population has an exactly equal chance of being

selected. This method is the most straightforward of all the probability sampling

methods, since it only involves a single random selection and requires little

advance knowledge about the population (Thomas, 2020).

Research Instrument

In order to collect data and to provide answers to the research questions,

an unstructured interview and researcher-made questionnaire were used by the

24
researchers.

Interviews are primarily done in qualitative research and occur when

researchers ask one or more participants general, open-ended questions and

record their answers. Often audiotapes are utilized to allow for more consistent

transcription (Creswell, 2012). An unstructured interview was used by the

researchers to give the interviewees the freedom to express themselves.

 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

On the other hand, a questionnaire can is a research instrument that

consists of a set of questions to collect information from a respondent. The

researcher-made questionnaire consisted of four (4) parts. Part I asked the

profile of the respondents. The tool for profile was made by the researchers; it

will determine the name, age, gender, and section of the respondents; however,

these are optional. Part II, which used a recognition type of question, is the tool

to determine the most frequently used medium of digital technology in improving

academic performance by the STEM students. Part III is the tool to identify the

perception of STEM students on the use of digital technology. Part IV is the tool

used to ascertain the impact of digital technology in improving academic

performance by the STEM students. Both Part III and IV used 5-point Likert

scales (SA, A, N, D, SD).

Validity

Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to

measure. If research has high validity, that means it produces results that

correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in the physical or

social world (Middleton, 2019).

Three experts were asked to validate the questionnaire. The questionnaire

was marked and checked highly valid with a rating of 3.44.

25
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Reliability

Reliability refers to how consistently a method measure something. If the

same result can be consistently achieved by using the same methods under the

same circumstances, the measurement is considered reliable.

First, the researchers tried the survey out to 10 students to know how far

the reliability of the instrument before administering the survey to the actual

respondents. Using Cronbach’s alpha, the questionnaire showed the reliability of

0.74 which is interpreted as acceptable.

Table 2.1

Cronbach’s alpha Interpretation

CRONBACH’S α INTERNAL CONSISTENCY

0.90 and above Excellent

0.80 – 0.89 Good

0.70-0.79 Acceptable

0.60-0.69 Questionable

0.50-0.59 Poor

Below 0.50 Unacceptable

26
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Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Data Gathering Procedure

27

Statistical Treatment of Data

In this study, to get the weight and number of data, the researchers will

use the formula for percentage. The researcher will get the percentage to see the

outcome of the study based on the answers of the respondents.

Formula for Rating Scale:

F
P ¿ N x 100

Where:

P= percentage

F= frequency

N= number of respondents

Weighted Mean

Weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the

most common type of average), except that instead of each of the data points
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than

others. The notion of weighted mean plays a role in descriptive statistics and also

occurs in a more general form in several other areas of mathematics.

28

Formula for Weighted Mean:

∑ w ι xi
x=
wi

Where:

Σ = summation
w = the weights.
x = the value.

Interpretation for Weighted Mean:

SCALE Interpretation
4.21-5.0 STRONGLY AGREE
3.41-4.20 AGREE
2.61 - 3.40 NEITHER
1.81-2.60 DISAGREE
1.0-1.80 STRONGLY DISAGREE

Slovin’s Formula
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Slovin’s formula is used to calculate the sample size (n) given the

population size (N) and a margin of error (e). It’s a random sampling technique

formula to estimate sampling size.

Formula for Slovin:

N
N=
1+ N e
2 29

Where:

n = sample size

N = population size

e = desired margin of error

 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets the data gathered from the

survey and interview conducted by the researchers.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions

36
 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Recommendations
NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

REFERENCES
NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

APPENDICES
NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX A
NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg., Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

RESUME