i

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A FOUR-WAY BOOKSTAND

A Thesis
Presented to the
Institute of Education and Teachers Training of Davao Oriental
State University City of Mati, Davao Oriental

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirement for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION major in
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

MERRYCRES ANQUILES
ROSITA C. LABRADO
MERIANNESA D. PISAC
NOEL S. PULLEDA

JULY 2021
 ii

Republic of the Philippines

Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER
TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

________________________________________________________________

APPROVAL SHEET

This developmental research entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A

FOUR-WAY BOOKSTAND” prepared and submitted by MERRYCRES
ANQUILES, ROSITA C. LABRADO, MERIANNESA D. PISAC, and NOEL S.
PULLEDA has been examined and is hereby recommended for approval and
acceptance.

Endorsed by:

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO Ph. D

Research Adviser

THESIS COMMITTEE
APPROVED by the Thesis Committee on oral examination with the grade
of__________.

MARIA GLORIA R. LUGO, Ph.D

Chairperson
Date: ________

ASMA S. SAMEON, LPT KENT M. CELMAR, LPT

Member Member
Date: Date:
_______________________________________________________________
ACCEPTED as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Technology and Livelihood
Education.

GEMMA M. VALDEZ, Ph. D ROSELYN V. REGINO, Ph. D

IETT Dean Director for Instruction
 iii

ABSTRACT

Merycres Anquiles, Rosita C. Labrado, Meriannesa Pisac, Noel

Pulleda (2021). Design and Fabrication of a four way bookstand. Bachelor of
Secondary Education major in Technology and Livelihood Education, Davao
Oriental State University, City of Mati, Davao Oriental.

Adviser: Francisco, John Mark S., Ph.D.

A four ways bookstand of the present invention features the main body
member with a different inclination angle that perform multitasking which has four
ways, foldable base, and built-in lamp. A four ways bookstand can carry up to 3
kilos of books or laptop, which can help readers to eliminate joint pain.
Moreover, this study used the developmental -experimental type of
research utilizing quantitative approach. In addition, it utilized a survey
questionnaire which was subjected to reliability testing using Cronbach’s Alpha
(0.97). Its internal consistency was interpreted as excellent.
Further, the completed technology was evaluated by thirty (30)
respondents, who are purposively chose, which consist of ten (10) teachers
teaching Technology and Livelihood Education subject and twenty (20) expert
furniture maker. Based on the results the validated questionnaire, this study
entitled “Design and Fabrication of A four-way Bookstand” earned a very
satisfactory ratings in terms of functionality (4.97), Aesthetic and Design (4.975),
cost effectiveness (4.995), and industrial applicability (5.00).
The study revealed that the four-way bookstand is the solution to the
problem of diverse sorts of customers/users having trouble reading. It was
carried out to assist customers/users in reducing the amount of time they spend
setting up their bookstands in the correct position or obtaining precise angles
without expending undue effort. This device is extremely useful, necessary and
secure.

Keywords: four-ways, bookstand, built-in lamp, foldable

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt thanks, gratitude and

appreciation of the following people who had been contributed ideas, effort, skills,

and final support for the accomplishment of this study.

First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank the “ALMIGHTY

GOD” for giving them the strength, knowledge, guidance and opportunity to

undertake this study to be successful and complete it satisfactory. Without His

blessings, this study would not have been achieved possibly. Also, to their

dearest parents, husband, wife, brothers and sisters for supporting them morally,

spiritually and financially, for being an inspiration for the accomplishment of this

study.

To their dearest research adviser, Dr. John Mark S. Francisco, who give

his full support, cooperation, advices, assistance, suggestions, encouragement,

love and kindness and never-ending support in making their product successful

and assisting the researcher’s needs to make their path success. Thank you so

much Sir.

To their dearest Chairman, Dr. Ma. Gloria R. Lugo for being the

chairperson of the panel during the final defense and for giving the researchers a

motivation for helping realize the relevance of our research. For the comments,

recommendations and suggestions that really helped in making this study

successful. Thank you, Ma’am.

 v

To their research coordinator, Dr. John Mark S. Francisco for giving

them the opportunity to enhance their skills in innovating a device that can help

the community to be convenient thank you so much for an endlessly and helping

them with their research and further development.

To the panel members, Ms. Asma S. Sameon and Mr. Kent M. Celmar

for sharing their great ideas, suggestions to the researchers to have a great

study. It is a great honor for the researchers to have this research study to have

an experience in conducting research to develop their abilities. Thank you,

Ma’am, Sir.

To Mr. Eric S. Sarcia. For sharing his wonderful idea and expertise in

developing and constructing our product, thank you Sir.

To the grammarian, Mr. Arnie Valera for helping in criticizing the study for

better understanding. For sharing her expertise in English language, thank you

sir.

To the statistician, Dr. John Mark S. Francisco, for helping in interpreting

the data gathered and for testing the effectiveness and reliability of the product.

They would also like to thank to the teachers in MSAT and the expertise

outside the campus, for imparting their precious time in evaluating the project

and for sharing their comments and suggestions.

To their beloved classmates, friends, schoolmates and especially to their

special someone, they appreciate your motivation, support, presence, and help
 vi

for the success of this study. You and untiringly encouraged them to strive harder

despite the difficulties they faced along the journey.

Lastly, thank you to the individuals whom they failed to mention. This

study would not be successful without all of you, without the presence and he of

the above-mentioned people. The researchers extend sincere thanks to

everyone.

-The Researchers
 vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

TITLE PAGE ………... i

APPROVAL SHEET ………... ii
ABSTRACT ………... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………... vii
LIST OF TABLES ………... ix
LIST OF FIGURES ………... x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study ………... 1
Objectives of the Study ………... 2
Significance of the Study ………... 3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study ………... 3
CHAPTER II CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Analysis of the Problem ………... 5
Old Process Flow ………... 6
Related Literatures and Studies ………... 7
Closest Prior Arts ………... 9
Matrix Comparison ………... 12
Theoretical Framework ………... 13
Conceptual Framework of the Study ………... 14
Definition of Terms ………... 15
CHAPTER III Development and Evaluation of
the Project
Design Phase ………... 16
Profile of the Project ………... 18
Process flow of the New Technology ………... 25
Supplies and Materials ………... 27
Tools, Equipment and their functions ………... 28
Development Phase ………... 28
Construction Procedure ………... 28
Construction Time Frame ………... 31
Production Cost ………... 31
Testing and Revision Phase ………... 32
Research Design ………... 33
Research Instrument ………... 33
Data Gathering Procedure ………... 36
Statistical Treatment ………... 36
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CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION OF ANALYSIS

AND FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Analysis and Interpretation of Data………... 38
Findings of the Study ………... 50
Capabilities ………... 51
Limitations ………... 51
Longevity ………... 51
Features/Specifications ………... 51
Process ………... 52
Operating Procedures ………... 52
Maintenance ………... 53
Safety and Control Measures ………... 54
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Summary and Findings ………... 55
Conclusions ………... 56
Recommendations ………... 56
REFERENCES 58
APPENDICES 59
A. ADVISORY AGREEMENT
B. LETTER TO THE ENGLISH
CRITIC
C. CERTIFICATATION
D. LETTER TO THE ADVISER
E. LETTER TO THE STATISTICIAN
F. CERTIFICATION
G. APPLICATION FOR ORAL
DEFENSE
H. LETTER TO THE RESPONDENT
I. EVALUATION SHEET FOR THE
PROJECT
J. CRONBACH’S ALPHA
CURRICULUM
VITAE
 ix

LIST OF TABLES

TABLES PAGE

Table 1 Matrix of the Comparison … 12

Table 2 Construction Time Frame … 31
Table 3 Production Cost … 32
Table 4 Defects of Revision … 33
Table 5 Assessment of the Experts as … 41
Respondent of the Functionality of
A four ways bookstand
Table 6 Assessment of the Experts as … 42
Respondent of the Aesthetic and
Design of A four ways bookstand
Table 7 Assessment of the Experts as … 43
Respondent of the Effectiveness of
A four ways bookstand
Table 8 Assessment of the Experts as … 44
Respondent of the Applicability of A
four ways bookstand
Table 9 Assessment of the Teachers as … 45
Respondent of the Functionality of
A four ways bookstand
Table 10 Assessment of the Teachers as … 46
Respondent of the Aesthetic and
Design of A four ways bookstand
Table 11 Assessment of the Teachers as … 47
Respondent of the Effectiveness of
A four ways bookstand
Table 12 Assessment of the Teachers as … 48
Respondent of the Applicability of A
four ways bookstand
Table 13 Assessment of the Teachers and … 49
Experts as Respondent of the
Functionality of A four ways
bookstand
Table 14 Assessment of the Teachers and … 50
Experts as Respondent of the
Aesthetic and Design of A four
ways bookstand
Table 15 Assessment of the Teachers and … 51
Experts as Respondent of the
Effectiveness of A four ways
bookstand
Table 16 Assessment of the Teachers and … 52
Experts as Respondent of the
 x

Applicability of A four ways

bookstand
Table 17 Parts, Functions, and ………. 53
Interrelationship of the Product
 xi

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

Figure 1 Prior Arts 1 ……….. 9

Figure 2 Prior Arts 2 ……….. 10
Figure 3 Prior Arts 3 ……….. 11
Figure 4 Conceptual Framework of the Study ……….. 15
Figure 5 First Way ……….. 18
Figure 6 Second Way ……….. 19
Figure 7 Third Way ……….. 20
Figure 8 Fourth Way ……….. 20
Figure 9 SW Inside Isometric View ……….. 21
Figure 10 SW Outside Isometric View ……….. 21
Figure 11 SE Inside Isometric View ……….. 22
Figure 12 SE Outside Isometric View ……….. 22
Figure13 NE Inside Isometric View ………... 23
Figure 14 NE Outside Isometric View ………... 23
Figure 15 NW Inside Isometric View ………... 24
Figure 16 NW Outside Isometric View ………... 24
Figure 17 New Process Flow ………... 25
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background Study

A bookstand can be used as a bookmark when reading at home, to store

recipe, books in the kitchen, to hold art books, and so on. It might also be used to

show of books in bookstore windows. It is a beautiful and useful addition to any

home or business library. It is a terrific spot to put unique books on display, such

as antique editions, reference volumes or a family bible. A practical function for a

bookstand is to provide a comfortable reading and studying position (Benton,

2020). The solid walnut bookstand was originally intended to be a music stand. A

hole in the base of the stand suggests that it was once set on a tripod, as a

music stand would be. However, historians later determined that the stand was

built to hold books (Sanders,2020). Furthermore, the rising bookstand was made

using old Chinese wooden techniques, carrying on a long tradition of

workmanship and being shown in the Forbidden City (Schwas, 2018).

Moreover, bookstands are shown in the Jerusalem International Book

Fair. It is one-of-a-kind biennial event, a business fair, and a prominent and

significant cultural event (Alon, 2021). Charles -Auguste Questel’s historicizing

design reflected current Renaissance style enthusiasm. The ornate design was

carved in ivory and ebonized maple by the artist Chabraux. The bookstand was

first seen at the 1839 exposition des Produits de I’Industrie in Paris before being

moved to the Tuileries Palace, where it furnished the duke’s salon d’attente

Metmuseum.org, (2021).
 2

Bookstand gives advantages to all users however there are also

disadvantages such as bookstand needs to support the weight of the book, it is

often made of a substantial material, such as metal or wood. The disadvantage

of such bookstand is that they are bulky and inconvenient to carry around. It

becomes an additional item to transport along with the book, Lane (2010).

To cope with these circumstances in a unique way it is possible to fix and

reduce the impact of the problem through innovation and adaptation. Existing

technology, such as patent documents (W0973061A, KR101274542B1,

KR2010006669U), exist on the market and offer a solution to the problem.

However, obtaining available technologies is a tough due to availability by a

small-scale furniture maker.

As a result, the four ways bookstand tool is developed to give a device

that may mitigate the disadvantages of previous technologies. For the small-

scale furniture maker, this created technology will provide a new edge over

existing technology, potentially promoting a new process, a new robust and

functional design of a four-ways bookstand.

Objective of the study

This study aimed to achieve the following:

1. design and fabricate of a four-way bookstand;

2. revise defects found during tryouts; and

3. determine the project in terms of the following: a. functionality,

 3

b. aesthetic and design,

c. effectiveness; and

d. industrial applicability.

Significance of the study

This project entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A FOUR-WAY

BOOKSTAND” provide the users with manual, durability, affordability, multi-

functional and trending style bookstand. This study allowed all the furniture

maker to have appropriate and durable bookstand, functional design for a four

ways bookstand. This product can help all the furniture maker efficiently to sell

their product in the market. This design and fabricated technology can give to all

user’s comfortability and convenience since the four ways bookstand can

accommodate as a laptop stand and can give solution for improper posture on

reading. The technology also can be useful in academic institution for

demonstration purpose.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The aim of this project was to develop and fabricate a four ways

bookstand that could accommodate multitasking and range of weight. Bookstand

has four ways, lock, stapled, braze, flexible metal hose, base/studs, switch, and

built-in lamp are all distinctive features of the innovative technology.

This project involve thirty (30) community participants, including twenty

(20) furniture makers and ten (10) teachers who teach Technology and

Livelihood Education. This makes use of a survey questionnaire that has been
 4

validated by the adviser and tested for reliability (0.97), indicating that it is of

extremely high quality.

Moreover, the device is very essential to all the users specifically those

readers that needs comfortability in reading however this technology cannot be

applied on heavy books upper than 3 kilos of weight. The only used of this

technology is to read comfortably, makes as a laptop stand and bookstand that

extended only for 3 kilos.

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CHAPTER II

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter discusses the related literatures of existing products that

could be used as a foundation for developing a new device, as well as related

studies that could aid researchers in gathering information, and the study’s

conceptual framework, which could ensure that the study follows the proper

sequence.

Analysis of the Problem

Bookstand is one of the useful tools used by student, pastors, teachers,

business man, writers, and parents. Bookstand can be made by craft wood,

metal, and bamboo. Bookstand has a big help especially those readers that are

fun on reading. Younger generation benefits all this existed device but since

bookstand still in the highest value in purchasing not all people can purchase it.

Since traditional bookstand still exist, younger generation encountered

difficulties to get the proper posture on reading. Also, the disadvantages of some

of the bookstand is that they are bulky and inconvenient to carry around. It

becomes an additional item to transport along with the book.

Available technology is difficult to be acquired by the small-scale furniture

maker due to availability of the materials, does not help to strengthen the

foundation of the bookstand. In addition, one of the problems specially on the

remote area is the existing of electricity sources, since they are living in the

remoted areas, they encountered difficulties in reading at night.

 6

Further, this device needs triple A battery in order to operate. On the other

hand, designing and fabrication of A four- way bookstand is designed to answer

the needs of people. The bookstand is made using high quality marine plywood

with 0.5 thickness and aluminum frame to ensure the durability for use a long

time. The technology is easy to use in many ways, easy to carry because it is

lightweight and have hand holder, multifunctional because you can use it as well

as a laptop stand and easy to operate.

The old process flow it shows on how the traditional bookstand applies.

Old Process Flow

Hold the books while reading

Feeling numb for long times holding a book

Can’t finished reading because feeling uncomfortable

Getting bad posture, getting back pain, neck pain, swollen eyes

Changing different position, still not working

The book keeps falling and keeps me start over and over again
 7

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This project research identified a variety of old existing equipment and

products that might be used as a starting point for developing a new improvised

technology. Furthermore, the researchers were able to envision new concepts

based on their data thanks to the usage of current gadgets, the study’s

conceptual framework, which could ensure that the researchers follow the correct

steps, and the closest prior art, which could serve as a foundation for the

product’s final appearance.

A reading stand is invented having enhanced usability structure. This

reading stand invention is used as a means for placing and reading a book to

alleviate the inconvenience of holding or supporting a book by hand. In addition,

it comprises a lightning device having a support member, Kang (2013).

A foldable bookstand formed by a support frame having an extensible

module as a basic unit and in which the centers of crossed rods are hinged

together such that the rods can be opened into an X-shaped and folded into the

shape of an straight line, Joon (2012). The integrable bookstand adapted to be

integrated into a hard-back cover, withheld conformation Yair (2011).

Bookstand that folds thin enough to serve as a bookmark. A bookstand

made up of a thin material that when in its folded-out position receives a book so

that the back of the book is tilted up to make its pages more easily viewed by the

reader, and that can be folded flat enough to be placed inside the pages of the

book so that it can be used as a bookmark, Lane (2010).

 8

In addition, a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions,

travelling through an electrical conductor or space is referred to as an electrical

current. It is the time dependent flow rate of electric charge across a conducting

medium, Electrical4U.org (2021). The four-way bookstand has a built-in lamp that

has battery in which it is a source of electric power of a lamp in order for the lamp

to produced light which is very beneficial to the user that encountered difficulties

in read during night time. This bookstand with built- in lamp is very useful

specifically in the remote area or an area that electricity does not exist.

Many inventors try to solve the problem but then their technology does not

have the complete features to answer all the readers’ needs and appropriate

style. Also, the exist technology is very expensive and readers cannot afford

especially to students.
 9

Closest Prior Arts

Prior Arts No. 1

Foldable bookstand

Publication number : WO9730610A

Publication Date : August 28,1997
Priority Date : February 24,1996
Inventor : Kim, Sang-do

Figure 1. Foldable Bookstand

Those trained in the craft are familiar with a variety of bookstands that are

used to hold a book at a comfortable leaning angle for reading. A longitudinal

rack is built into the lowest portion of the rear panel to support the bottom edge of

a book set on it. The above rack is equipped with two-page holding arms that

hold up the bottom edge of a book, preventing the open pages from being turned

over inadvertently.
 10

Prior Arts No. 2

Reading stands having enhanced usability structure

Publication number : KR101274542B1

Publication Date : June 06,2013
Inventor : Kang Kun hee

Fig 2. Reading stands having enhanced usability structure

The current invention pertains to a reading desk, and more specifically to

a reading desk with an improved usability increasing structure that allows a user

to use a mounted book more conveniently, such as readability and portability.

This reading stand is designed to make it easier to hold or support a book without

using your hands. The reading of the present invention comprises a folding

member that is folded in half and spread so that it can be stored in a folded state

or supported in an open state, and a slide groove is created at the end thereof,

as well as a lamp receiving groove.

 11

Prior Arts No. 3

Multi-functional stand

Publication numbe : KR20100006669U

r Publication Date : January 7, 2010
Inventor : Yun, Long Cheng

Fig. 3 Multi-functional stand

The present invention relates to a multi-functional pedestal structure that

includes a fixed plate, a bookstand, and a pillow stand that are all designed to

work together. The fixed plate has horizontal groves installed at a plurality of

intervals on the upper side. thereof, and a lever and a support plate designed to

operate are installed on the bottom. A cushion is placed on top of a lever that is

intended to be operated.
 12

A. Matrix of Comparison

Table 1 shows the features of the developed technology compared to the

prior arts design and function. It shows big differences of the new technology to

the prior arts that traditionally use by the small-scale furniture maker in making a

four-way bookstand. Moreover, there are some features of the new project that

very necessary to promote safety; new process designing and innovating in

making a four-way bookstand that cannot be found in the above-mentioned prior

arts.

Table 1. Matrix Comparison

Design and Fabrication the Four Document Document # Document
way of bookstand #1 2 #3
Foldable Reading Multi-
Bookstand stand having functional
enhanced stand
usability
structures
MADE OF PLYWOOD X X X

ALUMINUM FRAME X X X

STAPLE TO HOLD THE BOOK X X X

✓
BUILT IN LAMP METAL FLESIBLE X X
HOSE
MAGNETICBRAZESUPPORTER X X X

HAND HOLDER CAPABLE FOR X X X

HOLDING
STUDS PROTECTING NO X X X
TDIRECT CONTACT TO THE
OBJECT.
USE A BATTERY FOR THE X X X
SOURCE OF ENERGY.
CAN USED AS A LAPTOP STAND X X X
 13

Theoretical framework

The study is supported by Theory of Newton’s fourth law of motions which

states that if you add a number of such motions, that item will continue to move at

zero gravity with all of them, Mithra (2019). Because the device is a bookstand, it

required effort to move, which implies that the bookstand movement will be

st
determined by the user’s force. Since bookstand has a four way which is the 1 way,

st
second way, third way and fourth way. If the user tries to apply the 1 way, the

remaining way will automatically close. Moreover, according to Roger’s theory of

innovation, “is an idea, practice or projects that is viewed as new by an individual or

other unit of adoption”, Lamorte (2019), this four-way bookstand is innovated through

its design, and function. Compare with the existing prior arts, this bookstand is more

innovated because it has four ways inclination angle that can be used as a book

holder, laptop holder with its own built-in lamp.

Further, the mass and volume of all matters are the same. The physical

qualities of matter, such as mass and volume, can alter depending on the item by

applying small amount of force it enables Four-way bookstand to operate and

move according to user’s desire, that is the time the force applied because of the

volume and weight of the book when the users operate the four- way book stand.

The mass of an object is the quantity of matter it contains. It is commonly

measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg) (Amrita & Cdac,2011). This four-way

bookstand can carry load up to 3 kilograms of books and also, it can carry laptop.

In addition, a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions,

travelling through an electrical conductor or space is referred to as an electrical

 14

current. It is the time dependent flow rate of electric charge across a conducting

medium, Electrical4U.org (2021). The four-way bookstand has a built-in lamp that

has battery in which it is a source of electric power of a lamp in order for the lamp

to produced light which is very beneficial to the user that encountered difficulties

in read during night time.

A Four-way book stand provide a comfortable reading and studying

position. And provide the readers with manual, durability, affordability,

multifunctional and a trending style book stand.

Conceptual Framework of the Study

The principle of Input, Process and Output Model were the sequence of its

interrelatedness from inputs led to the difference in the process of output. The

input shows the ideas from related studies and concepts which determine on

related sources information, as well as supplies and materials, tools and

equipment in introducing design and fabrication.

Moreover, the process shows the designing and innovating of the

technology, that undergone testing of the device, revising and evaluation where

researchers gather ideas and suggestions from the evaluators to improve and

developed the technology. Further, A four-ways bookstand is the expected

outcome.
 15

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Ideas from related 1. Designing and

studies and concepts innovating

2. Supplies and Materials 2. Testing

3. Revising A Four-way
3. Tools and equipment
bookstand

4. Evaluation

Fig 4. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Definition of Terms

In this phase, the following terms were used in this study are defined

operationally.

BOOKSTAND - holding an open book so that it may be read comfortably.

A FOUR –WAY BOOKSTAND – enable the bookstand to operate into four angle,

the First way book stand, with the length of 10-inch, width of 13- inch, with a form

or shape of V or triangle when we look the object from top to bottom. With holder

and built- in lamp It is made of marine plywood with .5 in thickness. Second Way

with the length of 10 ½ inch, width of 13.75-inch, with a shape of W. Third Way

with the length of 5-inch, width of 13.75, form of triangle or v shape. It has brazed

supporter with magnet attach, to support for dual purpose. Fourth way length of
 16

5.5-inch width of 13-inch with the shape of triangle. With Constructing Light

device, made of stainless pipe, flexible metal hose with ultra-bright 10mm 0.5w

water clear LED bulb. It is extendable and has on/off switch.

INCLINATION ANGLE– Inclination angle of each way the first way with the angle

inclination of 60°, Second way with the angle inclination of 65°, Third way with

the angle inclination of 30° and the Forth way with the angle inclination of 35°.

BUILT IN LAMP- The lamp is attached with in the devise to provide light to the

user at the moment that the user need it.

 17

CHAPTER 3

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT

This chapter involves the project development and evaluation which

explain the basic requirements in constructing the project. It indicates the needed

supplies and materials and the project cost. Also, it contains the research

instrument, evaluator’s responds, data gathering procedure and statistical

treatment.

Design Phase

In this phase, the actual design of the product is presented. It contains the

profile of the project that it presents the isometric view of the product design. The

mechanism of the product is discussed, the process flow of the new technology

that presents on how to operate and perform the product, the tools, materials and

equipment that is being used in making the product as well.

 18

Project Design

First Way.

First Way = L- 10 “, W-13.7 inches Angle inclination 60° shape of V.

Fig. 5 First Way Top View of the New Technology

 19

Second Way

Outside fold.

Second Way= L-10 ½ “, W- 13.75”, angle inclination of 65° with the shape of W.

Fig. 6 Second Way Button View of the New Technology

 20

Third Way

Third Way= L-5”, W- 13.75”, angle inclination of 30°, Form of triangle or V shape.

Fig 7. Third Way of the New Technology

Fourth Way

Way 04= L- 5.5”, W- 13”, Angle inclination of 35°, shape of V

Fig. 8 of the New Technology

 21

SW Isometric View

(Inside components)

Fig. 9 of the New Technology

(Outside Open)

Fig. 10 of the New Technology

 22

SE Isometric View

(Inside Components)

Fig. 11 of the New Technology

(Outside Open)

Fig. 12 of the New Technology

 23

NE Isometric view

(Inside Components)

Fig. 13 of the New Technology

(Outside Open)

Fig. 14 of the New Technology

 24

NW Isometric view

Inside Components

Fig. 15 of the New Technology

(Outside Open)

Fig. 16 of the New Technology

 25

Process Flow of the New Technology

Figure17 Below is the flow chart that shows the mechanism in design and

fabrication of the four-way bookstand.

Check all parts of the device and the Inclination angle of each way. The forms,
sizes and shape.

Step 1. First way this design and fabricated four-way book stand, with the length
of 10-inch, width of 13- inch, angle inclination of 60° with a form or shape of V or
triangle when we look the object from top to bottom. With holder and built- in
lamp It is made of marine plywood 5 in thickness.

Step 2. Second Way with the length of 10 ½ inch, width of 13.75-inch, angle
inclination of 65° with a shape of W.

Step 3. Third Way with the length of 5-inch, width of 13.75, angle inclination of
30° form of triangle or v shape. It has brazed supporter with magnet attach, to
support for dual purpose.

Step 4. Fourth way length of 5.5-inch width of 13-inch angle inclination of 35°
with the shape of triangle. With Constructing Light device, made of stainless
pipe, flexible metal hose with ultra-bright 10mm 0.5w water clear LED bulb. It is
extendable and has on/off switch.

Step 5. Installed the bookstand base/studs to protect from any scratch or

damage.

Fig. 17 New Process Flow

 26

Figure 17 shows the process flow which relates designing and fabricating

of four-way bookstand, the project assembled for special purposes, the material

used in this devise are less expensive and available in the market, it is made

simple but durable and convenience, Further, the process ensures safety to

avoid injuries of the technician and damage of the device. simple because it is

plywood made, lightweights and it is easy to used, durable because it is made

with quality materials like marine plywood with 0.5 thickness, aluminum molding

for frame for durability of the product and other essential materials to make it

durable, strong that can capable to carry big books up to 3 kilos in weigh. It is

called multi-functional reading bookstand because it serves various types of

uses. Beside of being a book stand you can even use it as a laptop stand.

Moreover, the design and fabrication of four- way bookstand is very

essential especially to students or individuals who facing to read difficulty or

uncomfortable. Design and fabrication of four-way bookstand hold reading

material for you, in an inclined position, helping you read comfortably with your

back straight. Good posture is important. The reader will not feel tiredness in

reading. It is very essential these can be used in schools, offices, house to all

individuals.
 27

Supplies and Materials

The table shows the quantity, unit description and cost of the supplies and

materials used in the constructing the project.

Table 2 Bills of supplies and materials.

Quantity Units Description Estimated Total cost
(Php) (Php)
1pc 1/8 Ft. Marine ply wood .5 in thickness 850.00 850.00
2 Pc. Aluminium 8ft. long 486.00 486.00
1 Pc. Flexible metal hose w/ fittings 45.00 45.00
installed
1 Pc. Led light 95.00 95.00
5 Meter Automotive wire 228.00 228.00
48 Pc. Screws and bolts 175.00 175.00
1 Pc Small stainless pipe for shafting 65.00 65.00
5” long
3 Pair Energiser battery 1.5 volts each 107.00 321.00
for energy supply of lightning (each pair)
device
1 Pc. On-off switch 95.00 95.00
2 Pc. Small plastic bushing 30.00 30.00
supporting
15 Pcs Sand paper # 120 used to 255.00 255.00
smooth the surface
1 Bottle. Plastic Varnish 65.00 65.00
2 Pcs Paint brush used to smear 71.00 75.00
varnish
2 Pairs Marine Plastic epoxy 270.00 270.00
(2 pairs A @ B)
2 Pc Metal staple 150.00 150.00
5 Cans Phlox paint (gold, silver) 675.00 675.00
1 Pc Tress Kantos 180.00 180.00
1 Can Quick dry enamel 60 cc 45.00 45.00
1 Pack Wood grinning rubber with 1699.00 1699.00
cream
1 Pc Masking taper 18.00 18.00
1 Meter Soldering Led 35.00 35.00
1 Can Top coat phlox 165.00 165.00
GRAND TOTAL Php
6,022.00
 28

Tools, Equipment and their functions

The table shows the tools and equipment used in making the product. it also

shows the specific functions which are needed to accomplish the product.

Table. 3Tools and Equipment used in constructing the product.

Tools Functions

Hacksaw Used to cut the metal and ply wood

Steel file Used for smoothing and shading hard objects
or materials
Plastic hinges Used to join the supporting braces of the
plywood bookstand in order to move
Steel tape Used to measured different dimensions
Screw driver, star and Used for drive screw bolts for tighter and
flattened screw loosen.
Ruler Used to make straight line as guide before
cutting
Pencil Used to marked the desired dimension
Cutter Thing that cut something
Equipment Functions
Soldering Iron Used to connect or joint both objects.

Development Phase

This section shows the construction, assembly, and fabrication procedure,

construction time frame, and costing.

Construction procedure

This section shows the process in constructing the project which Design

and fabricate of the four ways bookstand.

 29

1. Cut the marine plywood base on the sizes measurement /10-inch-tall

then 1.1 ft. width.

2. Cut the aluminum molding base on the length measurement

3. Braze. Crafting the piece of plywood using improvised coping tool,

improvised chisel and sander.

4. Magnet to hold both the supporting brazes.

5. Constructing Light device, made of stainless pipe, flexible metal hose

with ultra-bright 10mm 0.5w water clear LED bulb. It is extendable and has on/off switch

6. An LED lamp or LED light bulb is an electric light that produces light
using light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

7. A simple on-off switch has one set of contacts, single pole, and one
switching position which conducts, single throw. This is type of switch is called SPST
(single pole, single throw) and its action is described as ON-OFF.
 30

8. Then installed, attach the Joint braze by using hinges to connect the
objects.

9. Attached the Z-type serrated lock washer it used to distribute load of

a thin fastener. It is a thin plate with a hole centered.

10. Installed the c- clamp, it is used to hold wood or metal.

11. Installed the staple to hold the book and it capable to carry even big
book.

12. Installed the bookstand base/studs to protect from any scratch or

damage. The bookstand base/studs keep the bookstand hang and
never attach the floor or the ground.

13. Wood graining rubber Show vivid wood grainer effects for DIY wall
decoration with Wood Grain Painting Tool Set
 31

Construction Time Frame

Shown in Table 4 is the time frame in constructing the project. The

development of the revision of malfunctioning parts took 698 hrs.

Table 4. Construction Time Frame in making the Device.

Work Time Allotment

I. Conceptualization of the 120 hours
Design
II. Collecting of Materials 48 hours
III. Body Construction

a. Measuring 24 hours
b. Cutting 72 hours
c. Carving 240 hours
d. Assembling 96 hours

IV. Lights Devise Construction

a. Measuring 24 hours
b. Cutting 2 hours
c. Assembling 72 hours
Total Number of Hours 698 hours

Production Cost

Table 5 shows the cost of the project and total expenses used based on bills of

materials, supplies, and labor.

Table 5. Cost of the project

Requirements Cost

Materials 6,022.00
Labor 3,500.00
Total cost- Php 9,522.00
 32

Testing and Revision Phase

In this section it deals on the testing of the product including how it was

enhanced for the better output with a pleasant design. When the devise was

tested the researcher observed that the light is not working appropriately, also

need to get the load capacity of the bookstand, the Inclination angle of each

ways the shape forms and sizes.

Due to this matter, the expert suggested to relocate the switch of the light

and change the light into more applicable and efficient, get the load capacity of

the bookstand so that we are aware of putting especially heavy weight of books

to avoid damages. And to know the inclination angle of each way so that the

users/readers be able to know identify the four-ways use of reading bookstand.

Table 6. Defects and Revision

Defects found during testing Revision made

The teacher suggested the exact load
capacity of the bookstand and
determined the book to be carry
Project needs inclination angle of each
ways the shape, forms and sizes
Relocate the switch and change the
light
The load capacity of bookstand can
carry up to 3 kilos in weight. The books
sizes have 8inches width, 12 inches
length, 2 inches for thickness
The First way has length of 10 inches,
13.7 inches width. And inclination of
60◦. Second Way has length of 10 ½,
13.75 Width and inclination of 65◦
Third Way has length of 5 inches,
13.75 width and inclination angle of 30◦
Fourth Way has length of 5.5 inches,
13 inches width and inclination of 35◦.
The switch transfers on the side of
hand holder bookstand.
The light has been changed into more
applicable and efficient.
 33

Research Design

This study used the developmental- experimental type of research utilizing

quantitative approach which deals with mathematical or computation techniques.

This purposed of the is to offer a suitable framework for a study. The decision is

to be made about research approach is a very important decision in the research

design process since it affects how relevant information for a study will be

gathered yet, the researcher design process contains several interrelated

decisions, Sileyew (2019). This research is developmental since it deals with a

systematic study of designing, developing, and evaluating instructional programs,

process and products that must meet the criteria of internal consistency and

effectiveness.

Moreover, understanding is the result of research and is due to an iterative

process in which data, concepts and evidence are connected with one another,

Becker (2017). Quantitative research gather data from current and potential

consumers by employing sampling methods and sending out online surveys,

polls, questionnaires, and other forms of data collection, the results of which can

be represented numerically, Fleetwood (2019).

Research Instrument

The instrument used is the survey questionnaire to evaluate the data

regarding on functionality, aesthetic and design, effectiveness and applicability of

the tool. In addition, the survey instrument was tested on its internal consistency

using Cronbach’s Alpha (0.97) and was interpreted as very excellent. The item

was constructed for every variable and responses were rated using the following
 34

indicators in user’s sensory perceptions of technology attributes. The following

indicators are described as follows.

Functionality

Rating Scale Range of Mean Verbal Description Interpretation

5 4.50-5.00 Strongly Agree The respondent find the device

Very Functional

4 3.50-4.49 Agree The respondent find the device

Functional

3 2.50-3.49 Neutral The respondent find the device

Moderately Functional

2 1.50-2.49 Disagree The respondent find the device

Slightly Functional

1 1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree The respondent find the devise

Not Functional

Aesthetic and Design

Rating Scale Range of Mean Verbal Description Interpretation
5 4.50-5.00 Strongly Agree The respondent find the device
Very Attractive
4 3.50-4.49 Agree The respondent find the device
Attractive
3 32.50-3.49 Neutral The respondent find the device
Moderately Attractive
2 1.50-2.49 Disagree The respondent find the device
Slightly Attractive
1 1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree The respondent find the device
Not Attractive
 35

Effectiveness
Rating Scale Range of Mean Verbal Description Interpretation
5 4.50-5.00 Strongly Agree The respondent find the device
Very Effective
4 3.50-4.49 Agree The respondent find the device
Effective
3 2.50-3.49 Neutral The respondent find the device
Moderately Effective
2 1.50-2.49 Disagree The respondent find the device
Slightly effective
1 1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree The respondent find the device
Not Effective

Applicable
Rating Scale Range of Mean Verbal Description Interpretation
5 4.50-5.00 Strongly Agree The respondent find the device
Very Applicable
4 3.50-4.49 Agree The respondent find the device
Applicable
3 2.50-3.49 Neutral The respondent find the device
Moderately Applicable
2 1.50-2.49 Disagree The respondent find the device
Slightly Applicable
1 1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree The respondent find the device
Not Applicable
 36

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher sent a letter of permission to the principal of Mati School

of Arts and Trades (MSAT) before conducting a survey. Upon receipts of the

approval, the researcher schedules the conduct of visit by the IATF to curb Covid

-19 transmission. Identified respondents were approached to evaluate the

project. Survey tools were retrieved right after the evaluator were done rating on

the survey sheet.

Statistical Treatment

The study utilizes a descriptive statistic particularly the mean. According to

Hayes (2021), descriptive statistics are brief descriptive coefficients that

summarize a given data set, which can be either a representation of the entire or

a sample of population. The collection is often a set of results of an experimental

or an observational study, or frequently a set of results from a survey. Further,

the collection data were processed and analyzed to determine its significance.
 37

CHAPTER IV

Presentation of Analysis, Interpretation and finding of the study

This chapter covers the results and discussion of the project, structure of

the project and the process related to the operating procedures and safety

measures of the developed technology.

Analysis and Interpretation of Data

The data were gathered and interpreted in terms of the technology’s

functionality, aesthetics and design, effectiveness, and industrial applicability.

Presentation of Data

Table 11 shows the assessment perceived by the technical experts on

functionality of four-way bookstand. Majority of the respondents find that the

bookstand is essential, tends to work according to its own purpose when used,

its hold reading materials in an inclined position, helping you read comfortably

with your back straight, and device is productive because it serves various

functions which obtained the lowest mean 4.9 yet descriptively evaluated as very

functional. The respondent perceived that the functionality of four-way bookstand

is very functional with the total mean of 4.94. In addition, the respondents

perceived that the four-way bookstand can carries heavy books up to 3 kg in

weigh which obtained the highest mean 5.00 which evaluated as very functional.
 38

Table 11 Assessment of the Experts as Respondent on the Functionality of

Design and Fabrication of the Four-Way Bookstand.

Legend: SA= strongly agree

Table 12 shows the assessment perceived by the technical experts on

aesthetic and design of four-way bookstand. The respondents find that the four-

way bookstand has high quality, durable materials and affordable that made the

product more attractive to the consumer and has four ways of angle; it’s angle

has its own purpose of use attractive. which obtained the lowest mean 4.85 yet

descriptively evaluated as very Moreover, table 12 shows that the respondents

perceived that the four- way bookstand has an attractive and good appearance,
 39

trendy and has a unique beauty, the way 1 with the L10”, W-13”, angle inclination

of 60◦ or shape of V or triangle, a hand holder easy to carry just like a hand bag.

In addition Majority of the respondent perceived that the aesthetic and design of

four-way bookstand is very attractive with the total mean of 4.95. And its light in

weigh obtained the highest mean 5.00 which evaluated as very attractive.

Table 12 Assessment of the Experts as Respondents on the Aesthetic

Design of Design and Fabrication or the Four-Way Bookstand

Legend: SA= strongly agree

 40

Table 13 shows the assessment perceived by the technical experts on

effectiveness four-way bookstand. The respondents find that the design and

fabrication of four ways is effective in each way not only in books as well as the

laptop stand which obtained the lowest mean 4.95 yet descriptively evaluated as

very effective. In addition Majority of the respondent perceived that the

effectiveness of four-way bookstand is very effective with the total mean of 4.99.

Further, the table 13 shows that most of the respondents perceived to obtained

the highest mean 5.00 which evaluated as very effective.

Table 13 Assessment of the Experts as Respondents on the

Effectiveness and Fabrication or the Four-Way Bookstand.

Legend: SA= strongly agree

 41

Table 14 shows the assessment perceived by the technical experts on

applicability four-way bookstand. Majority of the respondent perceived that the

effectiveness of four-way bookstand is very applicable with the total mean of

5.00. Therefore, all of the respondents perceived to obtain the highest mean 5.00

which mean it is very applicable.

Table 14 Assessment of the Experts as Respondents on the Applicability of

the Design and Fabrication of the Four-Ways Bookstand.
CHARACTERISTICS MEAN VERBAL
DESCRIPTION
1. The project is appropriate for the deadline 5.00 Strongly Agree
2. The project is appropriate for office work, 5.00 Strongly Agree
faculties and libraries.
3. The project is appropriate for home kitchen 5.00 Strongly Agree
recipe bookstand
4. The project appropriate for new good design, 5.00 Strongly Agree
convenient for everyone and efficient quality of the
product.
5. The project appropriate for durability of the 5.00 Strongly Agree
product
6. The project is appropriate and convenient, very 5.00 Strongly Agree
essential especially to students or individuals who
facing to read difficulty or uncomfortable.
7. Design four- way bookstand applicable beside of 5.00 Strongly Agree
being a reader book stand you can even use it as a
laptop stand
8. Design and fabrication of four-way bookstand 5.00 Strongly Agree
hold reading material for you, in an inclined position,
helping you read comfortably with your back
straight.
9. Design four-way bookstand is appropriate to 5.00 Strongly Agree
everyone children, adults all individuals because of
its unique design
10. The project is appropriate for all types of users 5.00 Strongly Agree
and it’s efficient to all readers.
TOTAL MEAN 5.00 Strongly Agree
Legend: SA= strongly agree
 42

Table 15 shows the assessment perceived by the teacher on the

functionality of technology innovation. Majority of the respondent perceived that

the functionality of four-way bookstand is very functional with the total mean of

5.00. Therefore, all of the respondents perceived to obtain the highest mean 5.00

which means it is descriptively very functional.

Table 15 Assessment of the Experts as Respondents on the Functionality

of the Design and Fabrication of the Four-Ways Bookstand

Legend: SA= strongly agree

Table 16 shows the assessment perceived by the teacher on the

aesthetic and design of technology innovation. Majority of the respondent

perceived that the aesthetic and design of four-way bookstand is very attractive
 43

with the total mean of 5.00. Therefore, all of the respondents perceived to obtain

the highest mean 5.00 which means it is descriptively very attractive.

Table 16 Assessment of the Teachers as Respondents on Authentic

and Design of the Four-Way Bookstand

Legend: SA= strongly agree

Table 17 shows the assessment perceived by the teacher on

effectiveness of technology innovation. Majority of the respondent perceived that

the effectiveness of four-way bookstand is very effective with the total mean of

5.00. Therefore, all of the respondents perceived to obtain the highest mean

5.00, which means it is descriptively very effective.

 44

Table 17 Assessment of the Teachers as Respondents on the Effectiveness

.
of the Design and Fabrication of the Four-Ways Bookstand

Legend SA= strongly agree

Table 18 shows the assessment perceived by the teachers on applicability

of technology innovation. Majority of the respondent perceived that the

applicability of four-way bookstand is very applicable with the total mean of 5.00.

Therefore, all of the respondents perceived to obtain the highest mean 5.00,

which means it is very applicable.

 45

Table 18 Assessment of the Teachers as Respondents on the Applicability

.
of Design and Fabrication of the Four-Ways Bookstand

Legend SA=strongly agree

Table 19 shows the assessment perceived by the teacher and experts on

the functionality of the technology innovation. the respondent tends to work

according to its own purpose when used, its hold reading materials in an inclined

position, helping you read comfortably with your back straight, device is

productive because it serves various functions, and essential which obtained the

lowest mean 4.95 yet descriptively evaluated as very functional. Furthermore

Majority of the respondent perceived that the functionality of four-way bookstand

is very functional with the total mean of 4.97. Also, table 19 shows that the
 46

respondent perceived that the functionality carries heavy books up to 3 kg in

weigh which obtained the highest mean 5.00 which evaluated as very functional.

Table 19 Assessment of the Teachers and Experts as Respondents on the

Functionality of the Design and Fabrication of the Four-Ways Bookstand

Legend: SA= strongly agree

Table 20 shows the assessment perceived by the teacher and expert on

the aesthetic and design of the technology innovation. The respondent perceived

that has four ways of angle; its angle has its own purpose of use which obtain the

lowest mean 4.925 yet it is descriptively evaluated as very attractive. Further

Majority of the respondent perceived that the aesthetic and design of four-way

bookstand is very attractive with the total mean of 4.975. Moreover, the
 47

respondent tends that the aesthetic and design have an attractive color and good

appearance, trendy and has a unique design and the way 1 with the L10”, “W-

13”, angle inclination of 60◦ with a shape of V, a hand holder can carry just like a

hand bag. And its light in weigh which obtain the highest mean 5.00 which means

it is very attractive.

Table 20 Assessment of the Teachers and experts as Respondents on the

Aesthetic of the Design and Fabrication of the Four-Ways Bookstand

Legend: SA= strongly agree

Table 21 shows the assessment perceived by the teacher and expert on

the effectiveness of the technology innovation. Moreover, respondent is effective

in each way not only in books as well as the laptop stand and has a staple to
 48

hold the book and it capable to carry a book up to 3kg which obtained the lowest

mean 4.975 yet descriptively evaluated as very effective. Majority of the

respondent perceived that the Effectiveness of four-way bookstand is very

effective with the total mean of 4.995. In addition, most of the respondent

perceived that the effectiveness of four-way bookstand is very effective with the

total mean of 5.00.

Table 21 Assessment of the Teachers and experts as Respondents on the

Effectiveness of the Design and Fabrication of the Four-Ways Bookstand.

Legend:SA= strongly agree

 49

Table 22 shows the assessment perceived by the teachers and expert on

the applicability of the technology innovation. Majority of the respondent

perceived that the applicability of four-way bookstand is very applicable with the

total mean of 5.00. Therefore, all of the respondents perceived to obtain the

highest mean 5.00 descriptively evaluated as very applicable.

Table 22 Assessment of the Teachers and experts as Respondents on the

Applicability of the Design and Fabrication of the Four-Ways Bookstand.

Legend: SA= strongly agree

 50

Findings of the Data

A four ways bookstand was fund very functional, attractive, effective and

applicable to the industry by the respondent. A four ways bookstand is visually

pleasing has a fine finish result. The technological is foldable and can be function

for multitasking.

Table 24 Parts, Functions and Interrelationship of the Product

 51

Capabilities

This technology can carry 3 kg of book. It is multifunctional because it

can carry books with the size of 8 inches in width and 12 inches in length and 2

inches in thickness. In addition, it is can also be used as a laptop stand. It has a

built –in lamp which is very beneficial especially those readers living in a remote

area.

Limitation

The device can carry at least 3kgs, load limit capacity. The lightning

energy of the device depend on the battery (triple A battery). The position of the

light can turn in different ways. If you turn the light in upside portion it can turn up

0
to 90 for first way and third way. If you turn the light in lower side portion it will

0
turn up to 45 for second way and fourth way.

Longevity

The longevity of the innovated technology will last up to 8-10 years with

proper care and maintenance. the technology was made of marine plywood base

with aluminum frame that is why it can last long.

Feature/ Specification

Economical

The materials used in this device can bought in any hardware and

stores in the city in cheapest amount. This device has four ways; First way 1 it

has the L 10”, W-13” and angle inclination of 60◦ with the shape of v or triangle;
 52

Second way has L-10 ½, W-13.75 and angle inclination of 65◦ with shape of W;

Third way has L-5”, W-13.75” and angle inclination of 30◦ with triangle or v

shape; and Fourth way has L-5.5”, W-13” and angle inclination of 35◦ with

triangle inclination or v shape.

Availability of the Resources

The tool is made from the locally available materials and based from the

data presented, the parts used to fabricate the invention is very affordable

A Four-way Bookstand- This tool is fabricated to help all the types of readers and

can help it especially to small establishment and government such as school.

Process

This portion shows the process on constructing and operating the device,

the maintenance, safety and control measures in operating the technology.

Operating Procedure

1. Hold the device with your dominant hand, with your free hand open the clip

that built -in lamp.

2. Face the device when you open it with your both hands.

3. Place the device on the top of the table, or place which wherever you want.

4. Press the staple at the bottom to open it.

5. Then place the book.

 53

6. If you think the device cannot stand firmly due to the sizes of the book, the use

the supporter brazes.

7. Press the red button to switch the light.

8. If you want to extend the light just pulled the flexible hose up slowly. Until it

reaches to its limit.

9. Same process if you want to use the other ways. the different only is the

position of the light, the shape, forms and the degree inclination angle of each way.

10. for placing and removing battery by using its own key, and also for open and

lock the battery chamber.

Device Preventive Maintenance

1. Keep the device free from dirt, used smooth cloth or cotton when cleaning

to avoid scratch.

2. Always check the bolts and knots to make sure that is tightly fitted

.3. Never leave the light open to preserved energy.

4 Used only a battery chamber key for removing a battery chamber cap when

changing new battery to maintain the ideal dimension of the key hole.

5 Slowly pull up the light flexible hose when extension is needed.

6 Close or fold the device after using.

 54

Safety and Control Measures

To assure the efficiency and effectiveness observed proper safety and control

measures such as follows:

1. Inspect every part of the device before and after using.

2. Avoid the device from falling.

3. Never apply to much force or extend the light otherwise it causes damage.

Make sure that the device is away from the children below 4yrs old.

4. Do not leave the device lights ON when not in used to preserved energy.

5. The device exclusively uses for the book and considering for the laptop

stand.
 55

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations of the project entitled “Design and Fabrication of the Four-

Ways Bookstand”.

Summary of Findings

This technology had undergone different tests for validity, such as

functionality, cost effectiveness, aesthetic and design and industrial applicability.

As validated, it was found out that the tool is a necessary tool to improve

individuals’ abilities. And this tool was made up of essential parts in terms of

supplies, tools and equipment to be used. The tool was easy to operate, efficient,

has a good appearance and can save more effort and time rather than the

traditional tool.

1. The tool is composed of different parts: marine plywood, aluminum

molding base, constructing light device, magnet, constructing light device, Led light

bulb, C-clamp, Z-type, Joint braze, base/studs, staple.

2. During the initial testing of the product, the teachers suggested that the

researchers need to get to know the exact load capacity of the bookstand to determine

the weight of the book can be carry, the forms and the shape and also to get the degree

inclination angle of the product in each way. Librarians suggested that sizes of the book

that can fit. Same as the suggested of the expert furniture maker suggest to the

researchers that
 56

need to get the inclination angle of their product in each way, it also needs

to get the load capacity of the bookstand in carrying books. In addition,

researchers must change the light into more applicable and efficient for all

the readers. These are the reasons that lead for the revision of the

product.

3. The technology found out as perceived by the respondents to be

functional, affordable and attractive, cost effectiveness and industrial applicability with

the total mean of 4.97, 4.975, 4.995 and 5.00 respectively.

Conclusion

Based on the data and results of the assessment and findings of this

study, the technology is therefore:

1. The technology functional, visually pleasing, cost-effective and industrial

applicability.

2. The technology tends to work according to it serve various functions.

3. The technology carries a heavy book up to 3kg in weigh.

Recommendations

After presentation and the testing of the project, the following are

recommended for further improvements:

 57

1) The project suggested the exact load capacity of the bookstand and

determined the book to be carry, the inclination angle of each way and get the shape,

forms and sizes.

2) Relocate the switch and change the light into more applicable and

efficient.

3) Intellectual Property Registration is necessary.

4) Further study to compare the design of the technology.

5) Technology transfer be conducted after IPO registration.

 58

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https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2692264A4.
 59

Kang, K.H (2013). Reading stand having enhance usability structure. Retrieved
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Keough, R&P. (2021). Bookstand specification-Pat and Rosemarie Keough.

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Kim, S.D (1997). Foldable bookstand-google patent. Retrieved from July 9, 2021
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from https://www.dravydesign.com/en/product.

Lamorte, W. (2019). Diffusion of innovation theory. Retrieved on July 10, 2021

from https://sphweb.bumc.bum.edu/otlt/mph-modules/sb/behavioraltheories.

Lane, R. (2010). Bookstand that folds thin enough to serve as a bookmark.

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%20questel&perpage=20&sortby=relevance&offset=0&pagesize=0.

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h1406024851.pdf.

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https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion.

Ongoco F. (2018). man sells quality bookstand to law students. Retrieved on July
15, 2021 from https://www.brownie points! Man sells quality bookstand to
law students.abogado.com.ph.

Sanders, A. (2020). Thomas Jefferson’s revolving bookshelf. Retrieved on July

18,2021 from https://www.classroom-synonym.com

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https://www.sciencea-z.com.
 60

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https:// worldwide.espacenet.com.

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https://patents.google.com/patent/KR20100006669U.
61
 62

Appendix A
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

Date: June 20, 2021

We, the undersigned, hereby and formally express our commitment to

constitute the advising committee of Merrycres Anquiles, Rosita C. Labrado,
Meriannesa D. Pisac, Noel S. Pulleda with the study entitled Design and
Fabrication of A Four-way Bookstand.
In their presence to complete the requirements in Educational Research
(Educ. 126) effective immediately upon approval by concerned authorities this
semester, S.Y. 2020-2021.

Advising Committee:

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO, Ph.D.

Adviser

MARIA GLORIA R. LUGO, Ph.D

Chairperson

KENT M. CELMAR, LPT. ASMA S. SAMEON, LPT

Member Member

This study signed composition of the advising committee of Merrycres Anquiles,

Rosita C.Labrado, Meriannesa D.Pisac, Noel S. Pulleda is hereby endorsed
and grouped and shall be enforced until the completion of the study unless
sooner revoked or terminated.

Endorsed: Recommended for Approval:

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO., Ph. D ERIC S. SARCIA, MVE
Research Coordinator BSED-TLE Program Head

Approved By:
GEMMA M. VALDEZ, Ph. D
IETT, DEAN
 63

Appendix B
LETTER TO THE ENGLISH TEACHER
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

MR. Arnie Kevin Valera, LPT

Instructor, IETT
This College

July 20, 2021

Greetings of Peace!

The undersigned is conducting a study on the “Design and Fabrication of A Four-

Way Bookstand” as a partial fulfillment of the requirements leading to the degree
of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Technology and Livelihood
Education. This study aims to give comfortable, convenience, satisfied to the
individual reader who loves to read enhances the proper posture while reading.

This study will be fully realized if the presentation of content and its structural
aspects will be thoroughly scrutinized and developed. It is along this line then
that the undersigned would like to request you to be our grammar critic. Your
caliber in the field of English language can truly be of great help in coming up
with an error-free presentation of this study. Rest assured that meticulousness
and impartiality of the things that you will be pouring into study will be given
utmost consideration.

We are very hopeful of your most favorable response on this regard.

Thank you so much and God Bless!

Respectfully yours,

MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES
ROSITA C. LABRADO
MERIANNESA D. PISAC
NOEL S. PULLEDA
Researchers

Noted:

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO Ph. D

Research Adviser
Date: June 20,2021
 64

Appendix C
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

CERTIFICATION

This certifies that MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES, ROSITA C. LABRADO,

MERIANNESA D. PISAC, NOEL S. PULLEDA, bonafide students of Bachelor of

Secondary Education major in Technology Livelihood Education had their

manuscript in Undergraduate Educational Research corrected for grammatical

error.

This certification is being issued upon the request of the above-mentioned

students in support of their manuscript.

MR. ARNIE KEVIN VALERA LPT

English Critic
 65

Appendix D
LETTER TO THE ADVISER
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO, Ph. D.

Instructor, IETT
This University

July 20, 2021

Greetings of Peace!

The undersigned is conducting a study on the “Design and Fabrication of A Four-

Way Bookstand” as a partial fulfillment of the requirements leading to the degree
of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Technology and Livelihood
Education. This study aims to give comfortable, convenience, satisfied to the
individual reader who loves to read enhances the proper posture while reading.

This study will be fully realized if the presentation of content and its structural
aspects will be thoroughly scrutinized and developed. It is along this line then
that the undersigned would like to request you to be our grammar critic. Your
caliber in the field of English language can truly be of great help in coming up
with an error-free presentation of this study. Rest assured that meticulousness
and impartiality of the things that you will be pouring into study will be given
utmost consideration.

We are very hopeful of your most favorable response on this regard.

Thank you so much and God Bless!

Respectfully yours,
MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES
ROSITA C. LABRADO
MERIANNESA D. PISAC
NOEL S. PULLEDA
Researchers

Noted:

JOHN MARK FRANCISCO, Ph. D.

Research Coordinator
Date: June 20, 2021
 66

Appendix E
LETTER TO THE STATISTICIAN
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO, Ph. D.

Instructor, IETT
This University

June 20, 2021

Greetings of Peace!

The undersigned is conducting a study on the “Design and Fabrication of a Four-

Way Bookstand” as a partial fulfillment of the requirements leading to the degree
of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Technology and Livelihood
Education. This study aims to give comfortable, convenience, satisfied to the
individual reader who loves to read enhances the proper posture while reading.

This study will be fully realized if the presentation of content and its structural
aspects will be thoroughly scrutinized and developed. It is along this line then
that the undersigned would like to request you to be our grammar critic. Your
caliber in the field of English language can truly be of great help in coming up
with an error-free presentation of this study. Rest assured that meticulousness
and impartiality of the things that you will be pouring into study will be given
utmost consideration.

We are very hopeful of your most favorable response on this regard.

Thank you so much and God Bless!

Respectfully yours,

MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES
ROSITA C. LABRADO
MERIANNESA D. PISAC
NOEL S. PULLEDA
Researchers

Noted:
JOHN MARK FRANCISCO, Ph.D.
Research Adviser
Date: June 20, 2021
 67

Appendix F
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

CERTIFICATION

This certifies that MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES, ROSITA C. LABRADO,

MERIANNESA D. PISAC, NOEL S. PULLEDA, bonafide students of Bachelor of

Secondary Education major in Technology Livelihood Education had their

manuscript in Undergraduate Educational Research corrected for grammatical

error.

This certification is being issued upon the request of the above-mentioned

students in support of their manuscript.

JHON MARK S. FRANCISCO, Ph.D.

Statistician
 68

Appendix G
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

APPLICATION FOR ORAL DEFENSE

MARIA. GLORIA R. LUGO, Ph.D

Chairperson

The undersigned undergraduate students wish to schedule their final defense on

June 20, Wednesday, 8:00 A.M via Google meet.

With this, they are asking your availability and concurrence on the said schedule.

Thank you and God Bless!

Truly yours,

MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES
ROSITA C. LABRADO
MERIANNESA D. PISAC
NOEL S. PULLEDA
Researchers

Noted by:

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO, Ph. D

Research Coordinator
Date: June 20, 2021
 69

Appendix G
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

APPLICATION FOR ORAL DEFENSE

ASMA S. SAMEON. LPT.

Panel Member

The undersigned undergraduate students wish to schedule their final defense on

June 20, Wednesday, 8:00 A.M via Google meet.

With this, they are asking your availability and concurrence on the said schedule.

Thank you and God Bless!

Truly yours,

MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES
ROSITA C. LABRADO
MERIANNESA D. PISAC
NOEL S. PULLEDA
Researchers

Noted by:

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO, Ph. D

Research Coordinator
Date: June 20, 2021
 70

Appendix G
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

APPLICATION FOR ORAL DEFENSE

KENT M. CELMAR, LPT

Panel Member

The undersigned undergraduate students wish to schedule their final defense on

June 20, Wednesday, 8:00 A.M via Google meet.

With this, they are asking your availability and concurrence on the said schedule.

Thank you and God Bless!

Truly yours,

MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES
ROSITA C. LABRADO
MERIANNESA D. PISAC
NOEL S. PULLEDA
Researchers

Noted by:

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO, Ph. D.

Research Coordinator

Date: June 20, 2021

 71

Appendix H
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State University
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental

EVALUATION ASSESSMENT ON DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A FOUR

WAY BOOKSTAND

Dear Respondents,
We, the researchers of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in
Technology and Livelihood Education students are conducting a study about
Design and Fabrication of A Four way Bookstand. The reason why we conduct
this survey is that, we want to know your opinion about our study in terms of
functionality, aesthetic and design, effectiveness and industrial applicability.
Please read each question carefully and answer it honestly. There are no correct
or incorrect responses as this study is merely interested in your personal point of
view. Rest assured that all information ratings will be kept confidential.

Thank you very much!

Truly yours,

MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES
Researcher

ROSITA C. LABRADO
Researcher

MERIANNESA D. PISAC
Researcher

NOEL S. PULLEDA
Researcher

Noted:

JOHN MARK S. FRANCISCO, Ph. D

Research Adviser
Date: June 20, 2021
 72

Appendix I
EVALUATION
Name: (Optional) Age:
Address: Gender:
Educational Attainment:
Nature of work:
School:
Directions:

Kindly rate this project and its functionality, aesthetic and design, and cost
effectiveness by putting check (/) the appropriate column of your choice. Listed below
are the following choices.
Numerical Value Description Value
5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Undecided
2 Disagree
1 Strongly disagree

A. FUNCTIONALITY 1 2 3 4 5
1. The four-way bookstand is Special because it
serves various types of uses.
2. The four-way bookstand tends to work according
to its own purpose when uses.
3. The four-way bookstand device is productive
because it serve various functions.
4. The four-way bookstand carries heavy books up to
5kg in weigh.
5. The four way bookstand is multi-functional beside
of being a book stand you can even use it as a
laptop stand
6. The four-way bookstand is easy and safe to use
even in the place which is no electricity existed
because it has its own build-in lamp.
7. Design the four way bookstand is efficient.
8. Design the four way bookstand it hold reading
materials in an inclined position, helping you read
comfortably with your back straight.
9. Design the four ways bookstand is essential
10. Design the four way bookstand is durable.
B. AESTHETHIC AND DESIGN 1 2 3 4 5
 73

1. The four-way bookstand has a four ways of angle; its angle has its own purpose
of use.
2. The way 1 with the L10”, W-13”, angle inclination of 60° with a form or shape of V
or triangle, a hand holder easy to carry just like a hand bag. And it’s light in weigh.
3. The way 2 L-10 ½”, w-13.75”, angle inclination of
65° with a shape of w. With aluminum molding
frame firmly installed for durability, convenience
and attractive to the consumer. Staple to hold the
book and it capable to carry heavy book up to 5 kg.

4. The way 3. L-5”, w-13.75”, angle inclination of 30° form of triangle or v shape
with braze magnet supporter that attach. For dual purpose.
5. The way 4. L-5.5”, w-13”, angle inclination of 35° with the shape of triangle. With
Constructing Light device, made of stainless pipe, flexible metal hose with bulb. It is extendable
with on/off switch. Read even without existing electricity is no problem.
6. The four-way bookstand has an attractive color and good appearance
7. The four-way bookstand is trendy and has a unique beauty design
8. The four-way bookstand has a hand holder it easy to carry wherever the reader
want to set the place.
9. The four-way bookstand has high quality, durable materials and affordable that
made the product more attractive to the consumer.
10. The four-way bookstand is foldable good for little space, easy to put in the bag
and can use in different ways according to the users want position good posture is important.
 74

C. EFFECTIVENESS 1 2 3 4 5
1. The materials used are appropriate in making the
device function, durable and has a high quality
standard
2. The design and fabrication of four-way is effective in
each ways not only in books as well as the laptop
stand.
3. The four-way bookstand performs naturally in four
ways angle according to its uses and makes readers
enhance good posture.
4. The four-way bookstand can use even in the place
which is no electricity access because it has its own
built-in lamp that can stay long time.
5. The components parts of the device are properly
assembled and with its own built in lamp that well
design as well as a laptop stands.
6. Installed the bookstand base/studs to protect from
any scratch or damage that direct to the object.
7. The four way bookstand is portable and lighter in
weight can use anytime with hand holder easy to
carry anywhere.
8. The four-way bookstand with aluminum molding
frame firmly installed for durability, convenience of
the product and attractive to the consumer.
9. Design four-way bookstand has a staple to hold the
book and it capable to carry a book up to 3 kg.
10. Design four-way bookstand is good for everyone. It
is very essential these can be used in schools,
offices, libraries and home.
 75

D. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 1 2 3 4 5
1. The project is appropriate for the deadline
2. The project is appropriate for office work, faculties
and libraries.
3. The project is appropriate for home kitchen recipe
bookstand
4. The project appropriate for new good design,
convenient for everyone and efficient quality of the
product.
5. The project appropriate for durability of the product.
6. The project is appropriate and convenient, very
essential especially to students or individuals who
facing to read difficulty or uncomfortable.
7. Design four way bookstand applicable beside of
being a reader book stand you can even use it as a
laptop stand.
8. Design and fabrication of four-way bookstand hold
reading material for you, in an inclined position,
helping you read comfortably with your back straight.

9. Design four-way bookstand is appropriate to

everyone children, adults all individuals because of
its unique design.
10. The project is appropriate for all types of users and
it’s efficient to all readers.
76
 77

MERRYCRES M. ANQUILES
Purok Sitio, Badiohan
San Pedro Caraga, Davao Oriental
Contact # 09514506883
merry.malianquiles@gmail.com

Personal Information:
Age : 26
Birthday : April 23, 1995
Birthplace :San Pedro, Caraga Davao Oriental
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Language : Bisaya, Tagalog and English
Father’s name : Pedro M. Anquiles
Mother’s name : Melfie M. Anquiles

Educational Background:
th
2017-Present :4 Year Student of Secondary Education
Major in Technology and Livelihood Education
Davao Oriental State University
Guang-guang, Barangay Dahican,
Mati City, Davao Oriental
 78

2019-2013 : Assumption College of Davao Sunday

Education Program (SHEP)
J.P Cabaguio Avenue Davao City

2003-2008 : Caraga Central Elementary School

Brgy. Poblacion Caraga Davao Oriental

Skills and Technical:

Computer Skills: Microsoft, Networking
Communication Skills: Interpersonal Communication, Verbal and Non-
Verbal Communication, English, Filipino and Cebuano Spoken

References:
Mr. Eric Sarcia, MVE
TLE- Adviser in IETT Department- DOrSU
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Daao
Oriental 09468363528
Sr. Aurea E. Quinones,m.a.
SHEP Administrator
 79

ROSITA C. LABRADO
Purok Mabuhay, Ilangay
Lupon, Davao Oriental
Contact # 09652559267
labradorosita@gmail.com

Personal Information:
Age : 28
Birthday : August 8,1993
Birthplace : Ilangay, Lupon Davao Oriental
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Language : Bisaya, Tagalog and English
Father’s name : Rolando D. Labrado
Mother’s name : Salma C. Labrado

Educational Background:
th
2017-Present :4 Year Student of Secondary Education
Major in Technology and Livelihood Education
Davao Oriental State University
Guang-guang, Barangay Dahican,
Mati City, Davao Oriental
 80

2010-2012 : Lupon School of Fisheries

Rizal St. Lupon, Davao Oriental

2006-2010 : Lupon National comprehensive High School

Ilangay, Lupon Davao Oriental

2001-2006 : Ilangay Elementary School

Ilangay, Lupon Davao Oriental

Skills and Technical:

Computer Skills: Microsoft
Communication Skills: Interpersonal Communication, Verbal and Non-
Verbal Communication, English, Filipino and Cebuano Spoken

References:
Mr. Eric Sarcia, MVE
TLE- Adviser in IETT Department- DOrSU
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao
Oriental 09468363528

Mrs. Cielobeth Pamon

Teacher I- Elementary School
Ilangay, Lupon Davao Oriental
 81

MERIANNESA D. PISAC
Prk. Islamic, Centre,
Quezon St. Mati City
Contact #: 09393711491
marian.demua@gmail.com

Personal Information:
Age : 37
Birthday : October 19,1983
Birthplace : Mati City, Davao Oriental
Civil Status : Married
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Islam
Language : Bisaya, Tagalog, English and Arabic
Father’s name : Jeola M. Demua
Mother’s name : Letecia O. Demua

Educational Background:
2017-Present
:4th Year Student of Secondary Education
Major in Technology and Livelihood
Education Davao Oriental State University
Guang-guang, Barangay Dahican, Mati City,
Davao Oriental
 82

1996-2000 : Mati National comprehensive High School

Mati City Davao Oriental

1990-1996 : Mati Central Elementary School

Mati City Davao Oriental

Skills and Technical:

Computer Skills: Microsoft,
Communication Skills: Interpersonal Communication, Verbal and Non-
Verbal Communication, English, Filipino and Cebuano Spoken

References:
Mr. Eric Sarcia, MVE
TLE- Adviser in IETT Department- DOrSU
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao
Oriental 09468363528

Modem O.Demua
Teacher III- MSAT
09264725729
 83

Noel S. Pulleda
Prk. Kaislaman, Magsaysay-4,
Mati City Davao Oriental
Cellphone #: 09267248194
noelpulleda1012@gmail.com

Personal Information:
Age : 44
Birthday : October 12, 1976
Birthplace : Magsaysay-4, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Islam
Language : Bisaya, Tagalog, English and Arabic
Father’s name : Romulo B. Pulleda
Mother’s name : Acurcia O. Serapio

Educational Background:
th
2017-Present :4 Year Student of Secondary Education
Major in Technology and Livelihood Education
Davao Oriental State University
Guang-guang, Barangay Dahican,
Mati City, Davao Oriental
 84

1996-1998 : Mati National comprehensive High School

Mati City Davao Oriental

1991-1992 : Don Luis Rabat Sr. Elementary School

Mati City Davao Oriental

Skills and Technical:

Refrigeration and Air- conditioning Maintenance
Communication Skills: Interpersonal Communication, Verbal and Non-
Verbal Communication, English, Filipino and Cebuano Spoken

References:
Mr. Eric Sarcia, MVE
TLE- Adviser in IETT Department- DOrSU
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao
Oriental 09468363528

Modem O. Demua
Teacher III- MSAT
09264725729
85
86