MODULE 1 Electric Charge and Coulumbs Law

Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law
Electron Theory and Atomic Structure | Electric Charges | Insulators and

Conductors | Coulomb’s Law
All Rights Reserved © | UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS | SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Objectives:
Through an interactive discussion, simulation activity, and problem
solving, the learners should be able:
a. explain the role of electron transfer in electrostatic charging by

rubbing;
b. describe that there are positive and negative charges, and that
charge is measured in coulombs; and
c. calculate the net electric force on a point charge exerted by a
system of point charges.
Electric Charges
is also defined as a physical property of an object that
causes to be attracted toward or repelled form another charged
object; each charged object generates and its influenced by a
force called electromagnetic force.
𝑄 = 𝑁𝑒
Where: N = number of excess +e (proton) or –e (electron)
e = charge of +1e or -1e = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulomb
Unit of Charge = MKS: Coulumb (C)
CGS : statcoulomb, (statC)
Problem 1: and proton of 30 x 1013 ?
What is the charge of a body whose electron is 15 x 1013
Given:
Required:
- e(electron) = 30 x 1013 Q (charge of the body)
+ e(electron) = 15 x 1013
Formula: Q = Ne
Solution: 𝑄 = 𝑁𝑒
𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 = +𝑒 − (−𝑒) 𝑄 = (15 × 1013 )(1.6 × 10−19 𝐶)
= 30 × 1013 − (15 × 1013 ) = 24 × 10−6 𝐶
= 15 × 1013
Problem 2:How many excess electrons make up a charge of −30 𝜇𝐶?
Given: −30 𝜇𝐶 Required: −𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛
−30 𝜇𝐶 is microcoulomb × 10−6 𝐶
𝑄
Formula: Q = Ne 𝑁=
𝑒
Solution:
𝑄 −30.0 × 10−6 𝐶
𝑁= 𝑁=
𝑒 −1.6 × 10−19 𝐶
= 18.75 × 1013
Problem 3: Aluminum has atomic number 13. This means that
it has 13 electrons and 13 protons. What is the total charge of all
the electrons in an aluminum atom?
• Given: N= 13
1 𝑒 − = −1.60 𝑥 10−19 𝐶
• Unknown/ Required: Q=?
• Formula: 𝑄 = 𝑁𝑒
• Solution: 𝑄 = 𝑁𝑒
𝑄 = 13(−1.60 𝑥 10−19 𝐶)
𝑄 = −2.08 𝑥 10−18 𝐶
• Answer:
𝑄 = −2.08 𝑥 10−18 𝐶
Coulomb’s Law
Coulomb’s Law
states that the force (F) exerted by charge 𝑞 to another 1
body 𝑞2 is directly proportional to the product of the charges
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance r
between them. In symbol:
𝑘 | 𝑞1 𝑞2 |
𝐹𝑒 =
𝑟2
Where; 𝑁𝑚 2
𝑘 = 8.99 × 109
𝐶2
𝑞1 𝑞2 = 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠
𝑟 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠
Problem Two point charges , 𝑞1 = 4𝜇𝐶 and 𝑞2 = −12𝜇𝐶,
are separated by 15 cm. Calculate the force that
1 one charge exerts on the other.
Given: 𝑞1 = +4𝜇𝐶 𝜇𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑏 𝑜𝑟 × 10−6 𝐶
𝑞2 = −12𝜇𝐶
Convert it to meters so 0.15 m
𝑟 = 15𝑐𝑚
a) The two charges b) Free-body diagram c) Free-body diagram

for charge 𝑞2 for charge 𝑞1
𝑞1 + - 𝑞2 𝑞2 𝑞1
r 𝐹1 𝑜𝑛 2 𝐹2 𝑜𝑛 1
Required: 𝐹
𝑘 | 𝑞1 𝑞2 |
Formula: 𝐹𝑒 =
𝑟2
Solution: 𝑘 | 𝑞1 𝑞2 |
𝐹1→2 =
𝑟2 𝑁𝑚2
9 −6 𝐶)(−12 × 10−6 𝐶)|
(8.99 × 10 2 )|(+4 × 10
𝐹1→2 = 𝐶
(0.15 𝑚)2
𝐹1→2 = 19.18 𝑁 to the left
𝑘 | 𝑞1 𝑞2 |
𝐹2→1 =
𝑟2 2
𝑁𝑚
(8.99 × 109 2 )|(+4 × 10−6 𝐶)(−12 × 10−6 𝐶)|
𝐹2→1 = 𝐶
(0.15 𝑚)2
𝐹2→1 = 19.18 𝑁 to the right
𝐹1→2 = 𝐹2→1
A force of 25N is experienced two
Problem charges with −10𝜇𝐶 and −15𝜇𝐶 . How far
2 apart are these charges?
Given: 𝑞1 = −10𝜇𝐶 𝜇𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑏 𝑜𝑟 × 10−6 𝐶
𝑞2 = −15𝜇𝐶
𝐹 = 25 𝑁 Solution:
𝑘 |𝑞1 𝑞2 |
𝑟=
Required: 𝐹
𝑟
Formula: (8.99 × 109
𝑁𝑚 2
) |(−10 × 10−6 𝐶)(−15 × 10−6 𝐶)|
𝑘 | 𝑞1 𝑞2 | 𝐶 2
𝐹= 𝑟=
𝑟2 (25𝑁)
𝑘 |𝑞1 𝑞2 |
𝑟= 𝑟 = 0.23 𝑚
𝐹
Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric
Problem force on the electron of a hydrogen atom exerted by the
single proton (Q2= +e) that is the atom’s nucleus. Assume
3 the average distance between the revolving electron and
the proton is r= 0.53 x 10-10m.
Given: Required: Magnitude of the force (F)
𝑄1 = 𝑄2 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶
Formula: 𝐹 = 𝑘 |𝑞1 𝑞2 |
𝑟 = 0.53 × 10−10 𝑚 𝑟2
Solution:
2
𝑁𝑚 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶
𝐹 = 8.99 × 109 2
𝐶 0.53 × 10−10 𝑚 2
𝐹 = 8.19 × 10−8 𝑁
Problem Three charged particles are arranged in a line.
Calculate the net electrostatic force on particle
Given:
4 3 due to the other two charges.
Q1 Q2 Q3
Q3
F32 𝑄1 = −8.0 𝜇𝐶
- + - b) -
a) 0.30m
𝑄2 = +3.0𝜇𝐶
0.20m F31 𝑄3 = −4.0 𝜇𝐶
Required: Net force on particle 3
𝑘 | 𝑞3 𝑞2 |
Solution: 𝐹 = 𝑘 | 𝑞1 𝑞2 | 𝐹3→2 = 2
𝑟2 𝑟3→2
𝑁𝑚2 4.0 × 10−6 𝐶 3.0 × 10−6 𝐶
𝑘 | 𝑞3 𝑞1 | 𝐹3→2 = 8.99 × 109
𝐹3→1 = 𝐶2 0.20𝑚 2
2
𝑟3→1
𝑁𝑚2 4.0 × 10−6 𝐶 8.0 × 10−6 𝐶 𝑭𝟑→𝟐 = 2.70 N
𝐹3→1 = 8.99 × 109
𝐶2 0.50𝑚 2
𝐹 = −𝐹3→2 + 𝐹3→1
𝑭𝟑→𝟏 = 1.15 N 𝐹 = −2.7𝑁 + 1.15𝑁
𝑭 = −𝟏. 𝟓 𝑵
Problem Calculate the net electrostatic force on charge
Q3 shown in the figure due to the charges Q1 and
5 Q2.
Given :
Required:
F3 by2 net electrostatic force on
F3 by 2 F charge 3
F 3 by 1 on X
Q3= +65μC
F 3 by 1 on Y ꝋ
30 cm
90° 30°
52 cm F3 by 1
Q2= +50μC Q1= -86μC
A) B)
Solution:
𝐹= 𝐹𝑥2 + 𝐹𝑦2 𝑘 | 𝑞1 𝑞2 |
𝑘 | 𝑞1 𝑞2 | 𝐹=
𝐹= 𝑟2
𝑟2 𝐹= (120.90 𝑁 2 ) + (254.84 𝑁 2 )
𝑘 | 𝑞3 𝑞1 | 𝐹 = 282.06 𝑁 𝑘 | 𝑞3 𝑞2 |
𝐹3→1 = 𝐹3→2 = 2
2
𝑟3→1 𝑟3→2
(8.99 × 109 𝑁𝑚2 /𝐶 2 ) | (6.5 × 10−5 𝐶)(8.6 × 10−5 𝐶) | (8.99 × 109 𝑁𝑚2 /𝐶 2 ) | (6.5 × 10−5 𝐶)(5.0 × 10−5 𝐶) |
𝐹3→1 = 𝐹3→2 =
(0.60𝑚)2 (0.30𝑚)2
𝑭𝟑→𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟔𝟒 𝑵
𝑭𝟑→𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟎 𝑵.
X Y
𝐹𝑦
𝐹3→1 𝐹3→1 cos30° 𝐹3→1 sin30° tan 𝜃 =
𝐹𝑥
= 139.60𝑁 𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 139.60𝑁 𝑠𝑖𝑛30°
254.84 𝑁
= 120.90 N = - 69.8N tan 𝜃 =
120.90 𝑁
θ = tan−1 (2.11𝑁)
𝐹3→2 0N 324.64 N
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟏 𝑵 𝜽 = 𝟔𝟓°
F Total 120.90 N 254.84 N
References
• Alvarez, J. (2019) General Physics 2. Oxford Publishing
(Malaysia)
• Lubrica, J.V. (2016) Course Manual in General Physics 2.
Benguet State University.
• Giancoli, D.C. Physics: Principles with applications 6th Ed.,
Pearson Hall.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Compiled by:
Jerlyn Joyce J. Lamsis
Science Faculty
Renilyn P. Solis
Science Faculty
Senior High School-Integrated School Senior High School-Integrated School
University of the Cordilleras University of the Cordilleras
jjlamsis@uc-bcf.edu.ph rpsolis@uc-bcf.edu.ph

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Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law

Electron Theory and Atomic Structure | Electric Charges | Insulators and

a. explain the role of electron transfer in electrostatic charging by

a) The two charges b) Free-body diagram c) Free-body diagram

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