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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 8
Finding the Probability
of Union of Two or More Events

Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3– Module 8: Finding the Probability of ( A  B )
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Marevic A. Bregente
Reviewers: Rhodel A. Lamban, PhD
Elbert R. Francisco, PhD
Manilen S. Lizano, PhD
Edrix Branzuela
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Chairperson: Arturo B. Bayocot, PhD, CESO III
Regional Director

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Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV

Schools Division Superintendent

Shambaeh A. Usman, PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

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 10
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 8
Finding the Probability
of Two or More Events

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at bukidnon@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents
COVER PAGE Page
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENT 1
What This Module is All About 2-4

What I Need to Know 5

What I Know 6-8

Lesson 1: Probability of Union of Events

What’s In 9 - 10
What’s New 11
What Is It 12-13
What’s More 14-15
What I Have Learned 16
What I Can Do 16
ASSESSMENT 17 - 19
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES 20
ANSWER KEYS 21
REFERENCES 22
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Finding the Probability of Two or More Events.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in
the body of the module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected
to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Finding the Probability of Two or More Events.
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you
as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success
lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies
Know you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

This aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You
may check the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

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 developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering
the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master to find the probability of AB. The scope of this module

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permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes your diverse vocabulary level. The lessons are arranged for
you to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module is focused on: Probability of Union of Events

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. find the probability of a union of two events P(A  B); and

2. find the probability of a union of more events P(A  B  C)

What I Know

Directions:

Answer all of the following questions the best that you can. As much as possible,
provide your own solution. Take note of the items that were not able to answer
correctly and find out the right answer as you go through this module. However,
you may skip this module if you will get a perfect score. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. A diagram that uses circles to represents sets, in which the relations

between the sets are indicated by the arrangement of the circles.

A. bar graph B. pie chart C. tree diagram D. Venn diagram

2. A set of possible outcomes resulting from a particular experiment.

A. events B. possibilities C. sample space D. universal

3. A set that contains all of the elements that are in both events.

A. compound B. dependent C. intersection D. universal

4. A set that contains all of the elements that are in at least one of the two
events.

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 A. complement B. independent C. simple D. union

5. Precious Venus Shine got coins from her coin purse which accidentally
rolled on the floor. If there were 8 possible outcomes, how many coins fell on
the floor?

A.16 B. 8 C. 4 D. 3

6. Gorgeous JM rolls two dice. The first die shows a 3. The second die rolls
under his desk and he cannot see it. Now, what is the probability that both
dice show 3?

A. 1/36 B. 1/6 C. 1/4 D. 1/3

7. The local weather forecaster said that there is a 40% chance of rain tomorrow.
What is the probability that it will not rain tomorrow?

A. 0.4 B. 0.6 C. 40 D. 60

8. In a 1,250 – ticket draw for an educational prize, Charm Brilliant' s name

was written on 77 tickets. What is the probability that he would win?

A. 0.77 B. 0.616 C. 0.077 D. 0.0616

9. The probability that a visit to the school clinic is neither due to dental
reasons nor medical reasons is 35%. Of those coming to the clinic, 30% are
due to medical reasons and 40% are due to dental reasons. What is the
probability that a visit to the school clinic is due to both dental and medical
reasons?

A. 0.25 B. 0.18 C. 0.12 D. 0.10

For numbers 10 to 15, use the following situation:

The extracurricular activities participated by members of Mathematics Club

at San Andres National High School – Cabadiangan Annex are shown in the
Venn diagram below.

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 Athletics

22

17 14

Band 18 Choir

13 16 8

12

Extra– curricular activities participated by Math Club members

10. How many members are in Mathematics club?

A. 100 B. 108 C. 120 D. 150

11. How many members participate in athletics?

A. 22 B. 39 C. 53 D. 71

12. How many members participate in band?

A. 13 B. 20 C. 46 D. 64

13. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member

participates in athletics or band?

A. 9/10 B. 5/6 C. 7/10 D. 13/30

14. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member

participates in band or choir?

A. 2/15 B. 7/40 C. 11/24 D. 43/60

15. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member

participates only in athletics and band?

A. 13/120 B. 17/120 C. 3/20 D. 11/60

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 Lesson
Probability of Union
1 of Two or More Events
To start this module, you really need to recall the different mathematics
concepts related to sets, probability of simple events, as well as using Venn
diagram in illustrating the concepts of intersection and union of events you
previously studied. Your knowledge and skills on it are important in finding the
probability of a union of events. As you go through this lesson, think of this
question, Why do you think is the study of probability important in making decisions
in real life?

What’s In

Activity 1: Remember Me

Consider the situation below. Use your knowledge on probability in answering the
questions that follow.

The Venn diagram below shows the probabilities of grade 10 students of San
Andres NHS – Cabadiangan Annex joining either basketball (B) or volleyball (V)
during district triangular meet 2019.

B V

0.3

0.2 0.4

0.1

Use the Venn diagram to find the probabilities.

a. P(B)
b. P(V)
c. P(B  V)
d. P(B  V)
e. P( B'  V' )

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 What’s New

In activity 1, learners explore the use of a Venn diagram to determine the

probabilities of individual events, the intersection of events, union of events and the
complement of an event.

To understand the given problem in activity 1, read the discussion of the solution.

Actually, the diagram does not show or represent the entire sample space for
B and V. What is shown are the probabilities.

a. To find the P(B), we will add the probability that only B occurs to the
probability that B and V occur to get 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.5. So, P(B) = 0.5.

b. Similarly, P(V) = 0.4 + 0.3 = 0.7

c. Now, P(B V) is the value 0.3 in the overlapping region

d. To find the P(B  V) = we will get the sum of P(B) + P(B  V) + P(V) to
get 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.4 = 0.9. So, P(B  V) = 0.9

e. For the P(B'  V'), we will get the difference between 1 and P(B  V).
So, P(B'  V') is 1 – 0.9 = 0.1

Complement of an Event

The complement of an event is the set of all outcomes that are NOT in the
event. This means that if the probability of an event, A, is P(A), then the probability
that the event would not occur (also called the complementary event) is 1 – P(A),
denoted by P(A' ). Thus, P(A' ) = 1 – P(A).

So the complement of an event E is the set of all the outcomes which are not
in E. And together the event and its complement make all possible outcomes.
Consider item e on this page.

P( B'  V' ) can be determined by finding the part of the diagram where
everything outside of B overlaps with everything outside of V. It is the region
outside of both circles and that probability is 0.1. Another way to think of this is
P(B  V)' or 1 - P(B  V).

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 What is It

Activity 2: A chance to Further Understand the Probability of a Union of Two

or More Events

1. What is a Venn diagram?

Venn diagram – A diagram that uses circles to represent sets, in which the
relations between the sets are indicated by the arrangement of the circles.

A B

A ∩B A∩B A∩C

A∩B∩C

B B∩C C
Venn diagram showing the two events.

Venn diagram showing more events.

2. Differentiate intersection of events from union of events.

Intersection of Events is a set that contains all of the elements that are in
both events. The intersection of events A and B is written as A  B. While
Union of Events is a set that contains all of the elements that are in at least
one of the two events. The union is written as A  B.

3. Suppose there are three events A, B, and C. List all the probabilities you
would need to consider in order to find P(A or B), P(A or C), P(B or C),

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and calculate the P(A or B or C). Then write the formula you would use to
calculate the probability.

The probabilities needed:

P(A), P(B), P(C), P(A  B), P(A  C), P(B  C), P(A  B  C)

The formula:

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 What’s More

Guided Practice Communicating Mathematics: Read and study the lesson to

answer each question.

1. Explain how to find the probability of a union of two or

more events.

2. Write a probability problem involving union of two or more events. Then ask
yourself to answer the problem.

3. You decide two number cubes are rolled. Your mother says that the
probability of the first number cube landing on 4 or 5 and the second
number cube landing on 6 is 1/9. Your father disagrees. He says that the
probability is 1/18. Who is correct? Explain.

Independent Practice More on Union of Events

The extracurricular activities participated by members of Mathematics Club at San

Andres National High School – Cabadiangan Annex are shown in the Venn
diagram below.

Athletics

22

17 14

Band 18 Choir

13 16 8

12

Extra– curricular activities participated by Math Club members

1. How many members are in Mathematics club?

2. How many members participate in athletics?
3. How many members participate in band?
4. How many members participate in choir?

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5. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member
participates in athletics or band?
6. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member
participates in athletics or choir?
7. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member
participates in band or choir?
8. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member
participates only in athletics and band?
9. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member
participates only in athletics and choir?
10. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member
participates only in band and choir?
11. How many members participate in all activities?
12. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member
participates in all activities?
13. How many members participate in any activities?
14. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member
participates in any activities?
15. How many members did not participate in any activities?

Reflect:

a. How were you able to find the total number of members in the Mathematics
club?

b. How does the concept of set help you in finding the intersection and union of
two or more events?

c. What are some notations that are used in your study of sets in grade 7 that
you can still recall? Do you think these are needed in the study of
probability of compound events?

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 What I Have Learned

In this module, I have learned that :

1. Venn diagram is useful to visualize the probabilities of events.

2. Union of Events is a set that contains all of the elements that are in
at least one of the two events.

3. The union is written as A  B.

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 What I Can Do

Think and Discuss

1. What is the same about intersection of events and union of events?

2. How do you find the probability of union of two events? Probability of union
of three events?

Assessment

Multiple Choice
Answer the following by choosing the letter of the correct answer.

1. A diagram that uses circles to represents sets, in which the relations

between the sets are indicated by the arrangement of the circles.

A. bar graph B. pie chart C. tree diagram D. Venn diagram

2. A set of possible outcomes resulting from a particular experiment.

A. events B. possibilities C. sample space D. universal

3. A set that contains all of the elements that are in both events.

A. compound B. dependent C. intersection D. universal

4. A set that contains all of the elements that are in at least one of the two
events.

A. complement B. independent C. simple D. union

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5. Precious Venus Shine got coins from her coin purse which accidentally
rolled on the floor. If there were 8 possible outcomes, how many coins fell on
the floor?

A.16 B. 8 C. 4 D. 3

6. Gorgeous JM rolls two dice. The first die shows a 3. The second die rolls
under his desk and he cannot see it. Now, what is the probability that both
dice show 3?

A. 1/36 B. 1/6 C. 1/4 D. 1/3

7. The local weather forecaster said that there is a 40% chance of rain tomorrow.
What is the probability that it will not rain tomorrow?

A. 0.4 B. 0.6 C. 40 D. 60
8. In a 1,250 – ticket draw for an educational prize, Charm Brilliant' s name
was written on 77 tickets. What is the probability that he would win?

A. 0.77 B. 0.616 C. 0.077 D. 0.0616

9. The probability that a visit to the school clinic is neither due to dental
reasons nor medical reasons is 35%. Of those coming to the clinic, 30% are
due to medical reasons and 40% are due to dental reasons. What is the
probability that a visit to the school clinic is due to both dental and medical
reasons?

A. 0.25 B. 0.18 C. 0.12 D. 0.10

For numbers 10 to 15, use the following situation:

The extracurricular activities participated by members of Mathematics Club

at San Andres National High School – Cabadiangan Annex are shown in the
Venn diagram below.

Athletics

22

17 14

Band 18 Choir

13 16 8

12

Extra– curricular activities participated by Math Club members

15
10. How many members are in Mathematics club?

A. 100 B. 108 C. 120 D. 150

11. How many members participate in athletics?

A. 22 B. 39 C. 53 D. 71

12. How many members participate in band?

A. 13 B. 20 C. 46 D. 64

13. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member

participates in athletics or band?

A. 9/10 B. 5/6 C. 7/10 D. 13/30

14. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member

participates in band or choir?

A. 2/15 B. 7/40 C. 11/24 D. 43/60

15. If a member is randomly chosen, what is the probability that a member

participates only in athletics and band?

A. 13/120 B. 17/120 C. 3/20 D. 11/60

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 Additional Activities

Where in the Real World?

Answer the following questions. Write a report of your answers using a minimum of
120 words.

1. Describe a situation in your life that involves events which are union.
Explain why the events are union of two or more.

2. Think about your daily experience. How is probability of union events

portrayed in your favorite newspapers, radio programs, and television
shows? What are your general impressions of the ways in which probability
is used in the print media and entertainment industry?

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 Answer Key

What I Know What's More Assessment

1. D 1. 1. D
2. C 2. 2. C
3. C 3. 3. C
4. D 4. 4. D
5. D 5. 5. D
6. B 6. B
7. B 7. B
8. D 8. D
9. D 9. D
10.C 10. C
11.D 11. D
12.D 12. D
13.B 13. B
14.D 14. D
15.B 15. B
1.

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Reference/s:

* Mathematics 10 Teacher's Guide.

* Mathematics 7 Learner's Module.
* Melvin M. Callanta et Al., Mathematics – Grade 10 Learning Module, First Edition
2015, Department of Education, Rex Bookstore, Inc.
* Glencoe, McGraw-Hill. Mathematics: Applications and Connections. Course 1.
Texas Edition.
* Harcourt Brace. Math Advantage. Middle School II.

Website Links as references and Sources of Learning

Activities:

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education –Learning Resources Management and

Development Center(LRMDC)

DepEd Division of Bukidnon

Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph

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