UNI

T-2:PALI
TICALGEOGRAPHY
CONCEPTOFFRONTI
ERSANDBOUNDARI
ES-
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&

Quest
ion(
2018)
.Whataret
hefront
ier
sandboundar
ies?I
dent
if
ydi
ff
erences
bet
ween,ill
ust
rat
ingy
ouranswerwit
hexamples. (
marks=
10)

Answer
s:-
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--

1.Fronti
ers: ---Int hepast,duri
ngt hepol it
icalevoluti
onsofast ate,st
atewer e
separatedbyar eas,notli
nes.Thef unctionoft heinterveni
ngar eawast oprevent
directcontactbetweent heneighbori
ng st ateanditwasr ef
erredtoasaf ronti
er.A
fr
ont i
eristhepol it
icalandgeographicalareanearorbey ondaboundar y.Af r
ontier
canal sober eferr
edt oasa“front”
.Thet erm‘ f
ronti
er’comesf r
om Frenchinthe15th
count r
y,withthemeani ng“border
land”ther egionoracount ryt
hatfrontsonanother
count r
y.Unli
keabor deri
sar i
gidandclearoutf rom ofstateboundary…

Fr
onti
erisaphy si
calandmor alconceptwhi
chi
mpl i
edlooki
ngoutwardsand
movingoutwards.I
tisnotanabst r
actconceptbut‘af
actofli
fe’amanifest
ati
onof
thet
endencyforspontaneousgrowthofecumene.TheborderbetweenUnit
edstat
es
andCanadaisanexampl eofafronti
er.

Accor
dingt
oLapr
adel
l
e,t
her
ear
ethr
eest
agesi
ntheev
olut
ionofa
f
ront
ier
,namel
y

1.Desi
gnat
edzoneofi
nfl
uenceofdi
ff
erentphy
sical
phenomena.

2.Ant
hropol
ogi
cal
geogr
aphi
cal
concept
.

3.Pol
i
tical
front
ier
.

●Char
act
eri
sti
csoff
ront
ier
sar
easf
oll
ows-
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--

1.Af ront
ieri
soutwardor
ient
ed.I
tisamani
fest
ati
onoft
hespont
aneous
tendencytogrow,
ofecumene.

2.Thebaseoff
ront
ieri
scent
ri
fugal
for
ce.

3.Af r
ont
ieri
sa‘
factofl
i
fe’andexi
tsphy
sical
l
yongr
oundasady
nami
c
ent
it
y.

4.Af
ront
ieri
saphenomenonofhi
stor
y(l
i
kehi
stor
y-i
tisuni
que)
.

5.Fr
ont
ierPr
ovi
desscopef
ormut
ual
int
eract
ionandexchange.

1
 2.
Boundar
y:-
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--

Hal
fordJ.Mackinderwasspeakingatt hecloseoft hemosti nt
ensi
veper iod
ofboundar yconstr
ucti
onint heearth’
shistory
,aper iodwhichhadcreat eda
‘
closepolit
icalsyst
em’includingevenbarrentropicaldesert
sandAnt arcti
ca.
Aboundar yisani magi
narylineseparati
ngonepol i
ti
calunit
,suchascount r
y
orstate,f
rom another
.Somet imesthisal
ignwithanat uralgeogr
aphi
cf eature
l
ikear i
vertoform aborderorbarri
erbetweennations.

Boundaryi mpli
esthephy si
calli
mitofsoverei
gntyandjurisdicti
on
ofast ateanat i
on.I tisamani festati
onofintegr
ati
onandi sorientedof
i
nwar dsitisanappr opri
ateconceptf orthemodernst atewhereal lthatis
writ
hentheboundar yi sboundtogetherbycommonl aw,economy ,phy sical
feat
ures,ideaorcr eedwi t
hagov ernmentorcentralauthori
tyi
nef fectiv
e
contr
oloft het err
it
oryandact i
vit
ieswi thi
ntheboundaries.Theexampl eof
theboundar ybetweenSpai nandPortugal.

● Char
act
eri
sti
csofboundar
iesar
easgi
venbel
ow-
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-

1.Aboundar
yisi
nwar
dori
nneror
ient
ed.

2.A boundar
yis a cent
ri
pet
alf
orce,because i
tis mani
fest
ati
on of
i
ntegr
ati
on.

3.Aboundar
yiscr
eat
edandmai
ntai
nedbyt
hewi
l
loft
hegov
ernment
.

4.Aboundaryi
swell
defi
nedandr
egul
atedbyl
awandr
ules.Soi
tpossesses
uni
for
m char
act
eri
sti
cs.

5.Aboundar
yisasepar
ati
ngf
act
or,
whi
chi
smov
eabl
e.

● Di
ff
erences/Compar
isonbet
weent
hef
ront
ier
sandboundar
ies-
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--
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-

Fr
ont
ier
s Boundar
ies

1.Out
er-
Ori
ent
ed. 1.I
nner
-or
ient
ed.

2
 2.Cent
ri
fugal
for
ce. 2.Cent
ri
pet
alf
orce.

3.Zone(
Itconsi
der
edast
hezone 3.Line(
it consi
der
ed as a
). l
ine)
.

4.I
ntegr
atedf
act
or. 4.Separ
ati
ngf
act
or.

5. Tr
ansi
ti
onal or geogr
aphi
cal 5.Pol
i
tical
area.
ar
ea.

6.Basedonpast. 6.Basedonpr
esent
.

7.I
tisnotmov
eabl
e. 7.I
tismov
eabl
e.

8.I
tisuni
quechar
act
er. 8.I
tisuni
for
m char
act
er.

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