Tabl

eofCont
ent
s

Whatar
ethe12t
ypesoft
enses?

1.Pr
esentSi
mpl
eTense

2.Pr
esentCont
inuousTense

3.Pr
esentPer
fectTense

4.Pr
esentPer
fectCont
inuousTense

5.PastSi
mpl
eTense

6.PastCont
inuousTense

7.PastPer
fectTense

8.PastPer
fectCont
inuousTense

9.Fut
ureSi
mpl
eTense

10.Fut
ureCont
inuousTense

11.Fut
urePer
fectTense

12.Fut
urePer
fectCont
inuoust
enses
#1pr
esentt
enses
pr
esenttensedescr
ibesanyact
iont
hati
scommonl
yper
for
medori
shappeni
ngi
nacur
rent
si
tuat
ion.

1.
1: 
PresentSi
mpl
eTense

Simpl
epresentt
ensespeaksaboutt
hepr
esentact
ions,
event
s,orcondi
ti
onswhi
char
e
occur
ri
nginthecur
rentsi
tuat
ion.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subj
ect+ver
b(s/
es)+obj
ect
.

Her
e,t
hever
bisi
nit
sbasef
orm.

Exampl
es,

Hepl
ayst
hepi
ano.

Romi
elovest
oeatbur
ger
s.

Wepr
oducebi
ogasf
rom manur
e.

Igot
othegym dai
ly.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofSi
mpl
ePr
esentTense

1.
2: 
PresentCont
inuous 
(pr
ogr
essi
ve)
 Tense

Pr
esentcont
inuoust
ensei
susedt
otel
laboutt
heongoi
ngact
ions,
event
s,orcondi
ti
onsand
st
il
lnotf
ini
shed.
St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subj
ect+hel
pingver
b(i
s/am/ar
e)+mai
nver
b(i
ng)+obj
ect
.

Here,verb(
ing)i
sthepresentpar
ti
ciplef
orm oft
heverb,andhel
pingverbs(
is/am/are)are
usedbyacl assofper
sonast hef
irstper
son(am),secondper
son( i
s),
andthir
d-per
son( ar
e)
respecti
vel
y.

Exampl
es,

Iam danci
ngont
hest
age.

Shei
slooki
ngathi
m.

Theyar
epr
act
ici
ngont
hegr
ound.

Youar
enotcomi
ngwi
thust
othepi
cni
c.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofPr
esentCont
inuousTense

1.
3: 
PresentPer
fectTense

Thepr esentper
fectt
enseisusedt
oexpressthesi
tuati
onoreventwhichi
scompl et
edbuti
na
presentconsequence.I
tisacombi
nat
ionoftheidealaspectdonei
nthepresentt
ense.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subj
ect+hel
pingver
b(have/
has)+ver
b(ed)+obj
ect
.

Here,
themodalverb“has”i
sbeingusedforthesecondperson(He,She,It
,et
c.)
,and“
have”i
s
usedfort
hef
irst
-personandthi
rd-
person(I
,you,t
hey,we,etc.
)respect
ivel
y.
Ver
b(ed)i
sint
hepastpar
ti
cipl
efor
m oft
hever
bthatshowst
het
ask’
scompl
eti
on.
Exampl
es,

Hehascompl
etedt
het
ask.

Shehasgonef
orl
unchwi
thherf
ri
ends.

Ihavesubmi
tt
edt
het
hesi
srepor
tint
heHOD’
sof
fi
ce.

Theyhavegi
vent
hreemockt
est
sal
ready.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofPr
esentPer
fectTense

1.
4: 
Presentper
fectCont
inuousTense

ThePresentper
fectconti
nuoust
enseshowst
hesi
tuat
ionwhi
chhasbeenst
art
edi
nthepast
andconti
nuesinthepresent
.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subject+hel
pingver
b(have/
has)+been+ver
b(i
ng)+obj
ect(
opt
ional
)+si
nce/f
or+t
ime
durati
on+object.

Her
e,“been”i
saddedwit
hthemodalver
bs(have/has)
,andver
b( i
ng)isint
hepresent
par
ti
cipl
eform oft
hever
b.Af
tert
imedurat
ionisaddedwit
hsince/for(
opti
onal
)

Exampl
es,

Hehasbeenpr
epar
ingf
ort
heMPSCexami
nat
ion.

Youhavebeenwat
chi
ngt
elevi
sionf
or2hour
s.
Ihavebeenwor
kingont
hispr
ojectf
ort
hel
astt
woyear
s.

Theyhavenotbeenpar
ti
cipat
ingi
nthecul
tur
aleventf
ort
hepr
evi
ousf
iveyear
s.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofPr
esentPer
fectCont
inuousTense

#2.PastTenses:

Pastt
enseisusedt
oshowt
heact
ions,
event
s,ormoment
sthathaveal
readyhappenedor
occur
redi
nthepast

2.
1: 
PastSi
mpl
eTense

Thesimpl
epasttenseisusedtodescr
ibeanyevent
,act
ions,
moment
swhi
choccur
redi
nthe
past
.Thesimpl
epr esentt
eSt
ruct
uralf
ormula:
Subj
ect+ver
b(2ndf
orm)+obj
ect
.

Her
e,t
hever
bV(
2ndf
orm)i
sint
hepastsi
mpl
efor
m.

Exampl
es,

Iwentt
oschooli
nthemor
ning.

Hewr
oteal
ett
ert
ohi
sfat
her
.

Theycamet
oseemygr
andmot
heri
nthehospi
tal
.

Shespenthermostoft
het
imeher
eforr
efr
eshment
.
Josephcamef
rom Londonyest
erday.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofSi
mpl
ePastTense

2.
2: 
PastCont
inuous(
progr
essi
ve)Tense

Thepastconti
nuoustenseisusedtoexpr
esst
heoccur
ri
ngci
rcumst
anceoranycont
inui
ng
act
ionthathashappenedinthepast
.
I
tisusedt
odescr
ibeanyact
ionwhi
chi
shappeni
ngi
nthepast
.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subj
ect+hel
pingver
b(was/
wer
e)+ver
b(i
ng)+obj
ect
.

Here,t
hehelpi
ngver
bs(was/wer
e)areint
hepastform where“was”isusedfort
hefi
rst
per
sonandsecondpersonand“were”i
susedfort
hethirdperson.VerbV+i
ngisint
hepresent
par
tici
plef
ormtoshowtheconti
nuati
onoftheact
ion.

Exampl
es,

Iwast
ravel
ingt
oLosAngel
est
oat
tendabusi
nessmeet
ing.

Theywer
epl
ayi
nganacti
ntheannualgat
her
ing.

Hewasnotl
ist
eni
ngt
omywor
ds.

Youwer
ecl
eani
ngt
hehal
lyest
erdayaf
tert
hepar
ty.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofPastCont
inuousTense
2.
3: 
PastPer
fectTense

Thepastper
fectt
enseisusedtotel
lthehappenedsi
tuat
ionwhi
choccur
redbeforea
complet
edacti
oninthepast.I
tal
soshowst hespeci
fi
cti
mewhentheactionoccurr
ed.
Thepastperf
ecttensei
sal
socal
ledapl
uper
fecti
nEngl
ishandcombi
nest
hepastt
enseand
aperf
ectaspect
.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subj
ect+had+Ver
b(ed)+obj
ect
.

Her
e,themodalverb“had”i
susedwi
ththemai
nverb,andt
hever
bV(
3rdf
orm)i
sint
hepast
par
ti
cipl
efor
mt hatshowsthecompl
eti
onoft
hetask.

Exampl
es,

Ihadneveri
magi
nedt
hatyoudi
dthatni
ght
.

Shehadgonet
ohangoutwi
thherboyf
ri
end.

Theyhadr
escuedt
heent
ir
eref
ugeesf
rom t
hef
loodedar
ea.

Thet
rai
nhadl
eftt
hest
ati
onbyt
het
imeIr
eachedt
her
e.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofPastPer
fectTense

2.
4: 
PastPer
fectCont
inuous(
progr
essi
ve)Tense

Thepastper
fectconti
nuoustenserepr
esentsanyact
ionoreventt
hatst
art
edi
nthepastand
someti
mescontinuedunti
lanotheract
ionoranot
herti
me.
I
tist
hesameast
hatoft
hepastper
fectt
ense,
alongwi
thi
thi
ghl
ight
sat
imedur
ati
onoft
he
act
iont
hathappenedbef
oresomet
hingi
nthepast
.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subj
ect+hadbeen+Ver
b(i
ng)+obj
ect(
opt
ional
)+t
imeofact
ion.

Her
e,t
hemodalver
bhadi susedwit
hbeen,andt
heverbV+i
ng,thepresentpar
ti
cipl
eisused
t
oindi
cat
ethecont
inuousforati
medurat
ionunt
ilt
heact
ionfi
nished.

Exampl
es,

Shehadbeenwai
ti
ngf
orherf
atherf
ormor
ethant
hreehour
sandt
henl
eftt
oget
herwhenhe
appear
ed.

Youhadnotonl
ybeensi
tt
ingt
her
eforsol
ong.

Theyhadbeendanci
ngcont
inuousl
yfort
wohour
sathi
sweddi
ngpar
ty.

I
thadbeenr
aini
ngf
ast
lyf
ort
hewhol
eni
ght
,sohecoul
dn’
tgohome.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofPastPer
fectCont
inuousTense

#3.Fut
uret
enses:

Thefutur
etenseisusedt
oexpressfutureact
ivi
tyorast
ateofbei
ngwhi
chhasnothappened
yetandisexpect
edtohappeni
nt hefutur
e.

3.
1: 
Fut
ureSi
mpl
eTense

Thesimpl
efut
uret
ensei
susedt
opr
edi
ctort
ofor
ecastsomet
hingt
hatwi
llhappeni
nthe
fut
ure.
I
tisani
magi
nat
ionoft
hemi
ndofourmi
ndt
hatwepl
ant
odosomet
hing.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a,
Subj
ect+shal
l/
wil
l+ver
b(s/
es)+obj
ect
.

Here,
themodalver
bsshal
l/
wil
lar
eusedt
oindi
cat
epr
edi
cti
onandt
hever
bV(
s/es)i
na
si
mplefor
m.

Exampl
es,

Ishal
l/
wil
lgot
oschoolt
oday.

Shewi
llpl
ayt
hegui
taratacul
tur
alf
est
ival
.

Theywi
llf
ini
sht
hei
rwor
kbyt
omor
rowmor
ning.

Youshal
lnotbr
eakt
hiswi
ndowgl
assbyyourhands.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofSi
mpl
eFut
ureTense

3.
2 Fut
ureCont
inuousTense

Thefut
ureconti
nuoust
enseisusedt
oexpl
aint
heongoi
ngact
ionatapar
ti
cul
ari
nst
anti
nthe
fut
ureorhappenint
hefut
ure.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subj
ect+shal
l/
wil
lHer
e,“be”i
saddedwitht
hemodalverbsshall
/wi
lli
nasent
ence,anda
ver
bV+ingisi
nthepr
esentpar
tici
plef
ormtoindi
cat
etheconti
nuousacti
oni
nthefutur
e.

Exampl
es,
RandyOr
tonwi
llbef
ight
ingt
oni
ghtwi
thRomanRei
gns.

Hewi
llbewr
it
ingt
heanswer
stoal
lthequest
ionsi
nanexami
nat
ion.

Shewi
llbesi
ngi
ngatt
oni
ght
’sconcer
t.

Mal
ingawi
llbepl
ayi
ngasacapt
aini
nthi
sICCcr
ickett
our
nament
.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofFut
ureCont
inuousTense

3.
3: 
Fut
urePer
fectTense

Thef
utur
eper
fectt
ensei
susedt
odescr
ibeaf
utur
eact
iont
hathasaf
ixeddat
eschedul
e.
Thisisaverbf
ormt
hatexpr
essesaneventpl
annedt
ohappenatapar
ti
cul
ari
nst
antoft
imei
n
thefutur
e.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subj
ect+shal
l/
wil
l+have+ver
b(3r
dfor
m)+obj
ect
.

Her
e,t
hehel
pingver
b“have”comesalongwithmodalverbsshal
l/
wil
landisconnectedwi
th
t
hemainver
bV(3rdfor
m)inthepastpart
ici
plef
orm showsthecompleti
onofthetask.

Exampl
es,

Ishal
lhavepl
ayedcr
icketi
ncol
lege.

Shewi
llhavebakedacakef
ort
omor
row’
sevent
.
Theywi
llhavear
ri
vedi
nNewYor
kfort
hei
rconcer
t.

Iwi
l
lhavest
oppedl
ooki
ngatherwhenshecomesnearme.

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofFut
urePer
fectTense

3.
4: 
Fut
urePer
fectCont
inuousTense

Thefutureper
fectconti
nuoustensei
susedt
oexplai
ncert
ainacti
vi
ti
esandevent
sthatar
e
cont
inuingorhappeninganddoneaft
ersomeexpect
edti
mei nst
ant.

St
ruct
uralf
ormul
a:
Subj
ect+shal
l/
wil
l+havebeen+ver
b(i
ng)+obj
ect(
opt
ional
)+t
imei
nst
ant
.

Here,
thehelpi
ngverb“havebeen”i
susedalongwi
tht
hemodalver
bsshal
l/
wil
l,
andt
hemai
n
ver
bisinthepresentpar
ti
cipl
eform V+i
ng.

Exampl
es,

Youshal
lhavebeencomi
ngt
oourweddi
ngcer
emony.

Iwi
l
lhavebeenwai
ti
ngf
ort
hismomentf
orsol
ong.

Theywi
llhavebeenwat
chi
ngmovi
esont
hel
apt
opbef
orehecomes.

Wher
ewi
llyouhavebeenwai
ti
ngf
ormebef
oreIr
each?

Mor
e: 
Exampl
esofFut
urePer
fectCont
inuousTense
Rel
atedbe+Ver
b(i
ng)
Exampl
esofSi
mpl
ePr
esentTenseSent
ences

She 
get
s upear
lyi
nthemor
ning.

Mar
ia 
goes 
tot
hel
ibr
aryever
yweek.

Thet
eacher
 t
eaches 
int
hecl
assr
oom.

Do 
you 
wor
k har
donexams?

He 
goes 
toschoolr
egul
arl
y.

Mar
ti
nal
ways 
wear
s ni
cecl
othes.

Do 
you 
speak 
wel
lEngl
ish?

Mymom 
goes 
tot
hemar
ketever
yday.

Thef
li
ght
 ar
ri
ves 
at2o’
cl
ock.

Squi
rr
els 
stor
e nut
sfort
hewi
nter
.

Ri
ver
s f
low 
towar
dst
heocean.

James 
brushes 
hert
eet
hregul
arl
y.

He 
loves 
topl
ayf
oot
bal
lever
ySunday.
Mer
ryandI
 go 
tot
hemal
lever
ySat
urday

MyFat
her
 wor
ks 
inAmer
ica.

Do 
otherf
ri
endsal
so 
come 
toyou?

Mymom 
cooks 
del
ici
ousf
ood.

Sheusual
ly 
eat
s heal
thyf
ood.

Wenever
 go 
tot
heci
nema.

Sheof
ten 
goes 
toschoolbybus.

Pauldoesn’
t 
play 
thegui
tarver
ywel
l
.

Does 
heof
ten 
ri
de 
abi
cycl
e?

He 
goes 
tot
hegym ever
yday.

When 
do 
yougot
ocol
lege?

Mer
ry 
goes 
tot
hemal
lever
ySat
urday.

Mor
eTenseExampl
es

Exampl
esofPr
esentCont
inuousTense
Exampl
esofPr
esentPer
fectTense

Exampl
esofPr
esentPer
fectCont
inuousTense

Exer
cisesf
ort
heSi
mpl
ePr
esentTense

Fi
lli
nthecor
rectf
orm oft
hever
basshowni
ntheabovesent
ences.

He_
_tot
hegym ever
yday.
 (
go)

When_
___yougot
ocol
lege? 
(does)

She_
__shei
sver
ybeaut
if
ul.
 (
thi
nk)

Doeshe_i
nAmer
ica? 
(l
ives)

I_
_al
ett
ert
omymom ever
ymont
h. 
(wr
ote)

Answer
s

He 
goes 
tot
hegym ever
yday.
 (
go)

When 
do 
yougot
ocol
lege? 
(does)

She 
thi
nks 
shei
sver
ybeaut
if
ul.
 (
thi
nk)

Doeshe 
li
ve 
inAmer
ica? 
(l
ives)
I
 wr
it
e al
ett
ert
omymom ever
Exampl
esofPr
esentCont
inuousTenseSent
ences

I
 am eat
ing 
fr
uitandveget
abl
es.

They 
arepl
ayi
ng 
foot
bal
lint
hepl
aygr
ound.

We 
aregoi
ng 
toschooli
nthemor
ning.

Thet
eacher
 i
steachi
ng 
int
hecl
assr
oom.

She 
iswat
chi
ng 
acomedymovi
e.

Ben 
isr
eadi
ng 
abooki
nal
ibr
ary.

Thesun 
isshi
ning 
int
heaf
ter
noon.

Har
ry 
issi
ngi
ng 
afant
ast
icsong.

They 
arel
ist
eni
ng 
tomusi
c.

You 
arel
ivi
ng 
inLondonf
oroneyear
.

Chi
ldr
en 
arepl
ayi
ng 
ont
hegr
ound.

They 
aregoi
ng 
ont
het
ourdur
ingsummervacat
ion.

Jack 
isl
ear
ning 
topl
ayt
hegui
tar
.
We 
aredoi
ng 
greatwor
k.

She 
issuf
fer
ing 
fr
om st
omachache.

I
 am l
ear
ning 
theSpani
shl
anguage

Mor
eTenseExampl
es

Exampl
esofPr
esentPer
fectTense

Exampl
esofPr
esentPer
fectCont
inuousTense

Exampl
esofSi
mpl
ePastTense

Exer
ciseonPr
esentCont
inuousTense

Fi
lli
nthecor
rectf
orm oft
hever
basshowni
ntheabovesent
ences.

She_
___
 thedustf
rom t
hebl
ower
.(bl
ow)

He 
___
___
___
 ont
her
oll
ercoast
erf
orar
ide.(
sit
)

I
 __
___
___
_ t
oLondonf
orabusi
nessmeet
ing.(
go)

She 
___
___
___
 toomanychocol
atesatt
hatt
ime.(
eat
)

She 
____
_____
 abeaut
if
uldr
essatt
hepar
ty.(
wear
)ymont
h. 
(wr
ote)+obj
ect
.nsei
sal
socal
led
apret
eri
te.
Answers
She 
hasbeenpl
ayi
ng 
cri
cketsi
ncemor
ning.(
play)

They 
havenotbeengoi
ng 
tomar
ket
.(notgo)

He 
hasbeensur
fi
ng 
thei
nter
net
.(sur
f)

They 
havebeengoi
ng 
tot
uit
ion.(
go)

Mydad 
hasbeengoing 
totheoffi
cComplet
et hefoll
owi
ngsent
encebyusi
ngt
heappr
opr
iat
e
ver
bfor
mtomakei taPresentconti
nuoussentence.
(go,
dri
ve,
behave,
play,
come,
look,
stay,
wai
t,
 wor
k, i
ncr
ease)

Thomas_
___
 atmycompany.

They_
___
___
_af
oot
bal
lmat
ch.

I_
___
___f
oranewmanagerf
ormyof
fi
ce.

_
_they_
___
__f
rom LasVegast
opar
ti
cipat
eint
hecul
tur
alf
est
?

She_
___
__wi
thhercol
leaguei
nahost
el.

You_
___
___
___
___
_li
keamat
ureper
son.(
not
)

Thepol
lut
ionoft
hisci
ty_
___
___
_daybyday.Wehavet
odosomet
hing.

_
_you_
__t
opuni
shme?

I_
___
__myvehi
clei
nthewr
ongl
ane.
RyanandJaysonbot
h__
___
__f
ort
het
rai
n.

Answer
s:

Thomas 
iswor
king 
atmycompany.

They 
arepl
ayi
ng 
afoot
bal
lmat
ch.

I
 am l
ooki
ng 
foranewmanagerf
ormyof
fi
ce.

Ar
e t
hey 
goi
ng 
fr
om LasVegast
opar
ti
cipat
eint
hecul
tur
alf
est
?

She 
isst
ayi
ng 
wit
hhercol
l
eaguei
nahost
el.

You 
don’
tlook 
li
keamat
ureper
son.
 (
not
)

Thepol
lut
ionoft
hisci
ty 
isi
ncr
easi
ng 
daybyday.Wehavet
odosomet
hing.

Ar
e you 
behave 
topuni
shme?

I
 am dr
ivi
ng 
myvehi
clei
nthewr
ongl
ane.

RyanandJaysonbot
h ar
ewai
ti
ng 
fort
het
rai
n.

Exer
cise[
B]eonf
oot
.(go)