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AS-BUILT SURVEY, A CHECK FOR COMPLIANCE OF BUILDINGS TO THEIR

DESIGN PLAN, AND A PROCESS TO UPDATE PLANS

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AS-BUILT SURVEY, A CHECK FOR COMPLIANCE OF BUILDINGS TO THEIR DESIGN PLAN, AND A PROCESS
TO UPDATE PLANS.
Olalekan Alausa A. and Oluwayemisi Adaradohun S.
Department of Surveying & Geoinformatics, The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State.
Oluwayemisi.adaradohun@federalpolytechnicilaro.edu.ng &
olalekan.alausa@federalpolytechnicilaro.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
The continuous rise in infrastructural growth within all sectors in developing countries, due to expansion,
improvement, and inventory of new things, is not unexpected as the quest to come to a standard where such
country came to be called developed is the driving force. This affects all sectors of the country. Education
is one of which without infrastructural growth, its purpose will be hardly achieved. In the study area the
federal polytechnic Ilaro, buildings are raised from time to time as its one of her aims to operate as a
citadel of excellence. Therefore, a proper plan must be in place and be followed as to where buildings
should be located, not only so but also after construction confirms its compliance to the design, as well as
update, and this process is called an As-built survey. This will make all buildings within the study area have
a touch of expertise in it and reduce assumptions as to the conformity of buildings to their design plan. The
data acquisition was done using the ground survey method and acquisition of the building plan from the
physical planning unit. The data acquired were processed using AutoCAD 2016, Microsoft Excel, and
ArcGIS 10.2 software. The output implied very little change from the design plan after overlay, however,
other few details like the walkway, soak away, water tank, etc. have not existed in the plan, this can affect
future designs which may be placed beside such buildings as they do not exist in the database of the plan.
Keywords: As-built, plan, overlay, database, and ground survey.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The graphical representation of what a building will look like after construction has become a criterion
today before any form of construction is done. This is produced in form of a plan which is tagged building
plan. The architects are the major professionals saddled with the responsibility of producing such a plan.
Although the building plans are used by builders and contractors to construct buildings of all kinds based
on the design, also the quantifiers otherwise called quantity surveyors use this plan to estimate how much
the building project will cost and to prepare a bill of quantity. However, before a building plan can be
produced the size, location, title of the land, etc. has to be known, in order to have proper dimensioning and
orientation, this is presented in a plan called the cadastral (Perimeter) survey plan, done by a surveyor
(Sahely, Halla, Kennedy, 2019).
The implementation of building plans is done when building construction starts, however, for on-site
dimension standard control, update follow-up and comparison, is majorly the reason for employing as-built
data gathered in the construction stage which I tag progress monitoring, this also involves making a
similarity check between the on-site (‘’as-built’’) state of construction with the ‘’as-designed’’ state stated
in the contractual agreement. Rabanni T., and van den Heuvel F. (2006), used as-built data for dynamic on-
site documentation of the visual progress state of construction work by comparing three-dimensional as-
built data captured on the construction site of a facility with the design plan attached in the building
information model (BIM).
Clayton., Mark, Robert Johnson, and Yunsik Song (2016), different from other land surveys, done before
infrastructures were constructed on land, an As-built survey is engaged while a facility construction is on,
during, and after the completion of construction has been achieved. As requested by clients, As-built shows
the infrastructural state and extent of the land, as they appear at the time of observation.
C. Ghilani and P. Wolf (2012), an As-built survey plan shows the precise end positions and layout of
engineering constructions and record any design changes that may have been updated in the construction,

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which may include additional constructions such as a walkway, soakaway, mast location, generator house,
etc. These are particularly important when underground facilities are constructed, so their positions are
accurately known for maintenance/ repair purposes. Therefore, As-built survey designs are utilized for re-
modeling a structure for the purpose of expansion, retrofitting, refurbishing renovation, or visualization.
The main purpose or importance of plan updates is to know what development or reestablishment made on
land. Since natural and artificial events are continually causing changes to the appearance of objects on the
earth's surface, such as updates are growing because they are concentrated on existing structures and urban
development.
K.Jeyapalan & D.Bhagawati (2000), explained a database as a progressive collection of data. They support
electronic storage ad manipulation of data, in order to make data management easy. A database is an
organized collection of information, usually with one central topic. In a computer database (as opposed to
a paper database), the program that you use to enter and manipulate the data is either a database program
or a database management system (DBMS).
The study area as an institution has a section called the physical planning unit, where the database for all
buildings within the institution exists, however, the change in design due to renovations, and additional
ideas during construction have led to more use in land space not well captured in the database of the unit.
Therefore, the rising need to checkmate these laps cannot be over-emphasized. This can be solved
continuously when an As-built survey is a regular phenomenon till the total completion of any building
facility constructed.
2.0 STUDY AREA
The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro falls under Ilaro Township which is the headquarters of the Yewa south local
government, known as Yewa Land. Ilaro town is about 50km from Abeokuta, the Ogun state capital. The
institution is located along latitude and longitude 060 53’ 00” N to 030 01’ 00” E. It was opened to students
for the first time on 15th November 1979 and since then grew, the institution has continually increased in
both staff and student population with the addition of several departments by the authorities as declared by
the records and data unit of the institution.

Fig 1.0: MAP OF THE STUDY AREA. (Source: Google Earth image 2020)
3.0 METHODOLOGY
The process followed to achieve the expected result is grouped into the following three stages;
1. Planning

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 2. Data acquisition
3. Data processing
3.1 PLANNING
The planning includes office planning and field planning. Office panning (reconnaissance) includes the
purpose, precision, and accuracy of the survey, the type of equipment used, and the best method engage for
the survey carried out. It also involves the decision and collection of instruments needed for the work,
acquisition of existing building plans for buildings studied, instrument test, work plan, and acquiring and
evaluating of all relevant data used for the project. Other secondary data needed for the study, such as the
available coordinates of the control network used, was gotten from the department of surveying and geo-
informatics.
Field planning (reconnaissance) starts by visiting the study area to be pre-informed about the state of the
site, and to determine the work path, then to ground truth the information obtained during the office recce.
3.2 DATA ACQUISITION
The data acquisition stage involves the acquisition of geometric data which were acquired using traversing
and detailing techniques. Although, before the commencement of the stage of work the building plan had
been obtained from the physical planning section of the institution.
3.3 TRAVERSING
This is a series of connected straight lines, the length and direction of which are determined from
measurements. This includes the distance measurement and angular measurements which include
horizontal angle and vertical angle between points, whose direction between selected points is determined
after some calculations. The total station computed directly the angle and distance measured on the site to
determine the coordinates of the point with the aid of the processor. The total station was used to determine
the coordinates of the boundary of the project site. The instrument was set on control ‘Y’ and adjustment
(temporary) was done, the instrument was focused at the reflector on point ‘X’ to set orientation and point
‘Z’ was observed as the forward station. All other boundary point was observed as the reflector was placed
on them.
3.4 DETAILING
Detailing entails fixing both natural and artificial feature that exists in the boundary. These include
buildings, electric poles, footpaths, culverts, etc. In this project, details were fixed using the total station
and its accessories using the ray shooting method.
Here, the ray shooting method was employed to effectively fix the details along the project area. Features
such as roads, buildings, storex, etc. were fixed. To achieve this, the total station is set on the transferred
point in the project boundary to bisect many edges of details and the reflector was placed at a known station
for orientation before positioning it at each corner of the details. The coordinate of each corner is observed
and recorded. The details taken include Road, Building, Storex, and Electric poles.
Orientation station
BUILDING
•

Instrument station

Figure 2: Illustration of detailing by ray shooting method

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3.5 DATA PROCESSING
These data were processed using AutoCAD 2018 where the acquired coordinate was plotted, and details
fixed to depict the study area, after which were exported to ArcGIS 10.6 where digitizing was done, and
the attribute data was used to create a database table in relationship to the details. This data table was queried
to provide useful cadastral information.
3.5.1 Spatial Relationships
Spatial relationships are the relationship determined by the location, size, shape, and other features of spatial
objects. The most common spatial relationships are distance relationships, direction relationship, and
topological relationships.

3.5.2 Overlay of plan

The 2D plan of the building in the study was gotten from Physical planning at Federal Polytechnic Ilaro
and was captured with a digital camera. After which, the captured image was added into the ArcGIS 10.6
environment as a georeferenced raster image and the conversion to digital form was done by digitizing,
then the overlay was done by putting on the two layers containing both files.
4.0 RESULTS, ANALYSIS, AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Analysis one
Process: Building overlay Analyses using ArcGIS 10.6
Result: Displayed the overlay of the overall buildings

Fig 3: Plan showing overlayed auditorium 1 design

4.1.1 Discussion of Result (building overlay)

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The Red line represents the observed edges of the building while the yellow represents the digitized edges
of the building. It was noticed that the existing building archive design, is not updated, as the walkway &
Generator house doesn’t exist in the design. Also, the improvement to the already built ones has not been
included in the database of the building design.
These changes have to be considered before further planning can occur around the building location, the
walkway around Auditorium 1 for instance is indicating that no building can be erected close to it except
the site is visited and the required offset is measured.
4.2 Analysis Two
Process: Building overlay Analyses using Arc map 10.6
Result: Displayed building overlay of an auditorium 2 & 3 (Part of Federal Polytechnic Ilaro West Campus)

Fig 4: Plan showing overlayed auditorium 2&3 design

4.2.1 Discussion of Result (building overlay Auditorium 2 & 3 maps)

The Red line represents the observed edges of the building while the yellow represents the digitized edges
of the building. It was noticed that the existing building archive design, doesn’t have the storex slab carrier
indicated. Also, the improvement around the structures, (i.e., a statue, walkway) was not included in the
building design. This has limited decision-making for the surrounding of the building location.
4.3 Analysis Three
Process: Building overlay Analysis using ArcGIS 10.6
Result: Displayed building overlay of Mass Communication (Part of Federal Polytechnic Ilaro West
Campus)

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Fig 5: Plan showing overlayed Mass Communication building design
4.3.1 Discussion of Result (building overlay Mass communication map)
The Red line represents the observed edges of the building while the yellow represents the digitized edges
of the building. It was noticed that the existing building archive design doesn’t have the storex slab carrier
indicated and the Soak away either. Also, there were other improvements around the structures, (i.e., a
statue, mask) which was not included in the design.
4.4 Analysis Four
Process: Building overlay Analyses using ArcGIS 10.6
Result: Displayed building overlay of Entrepreneurship development building (Part of Federal Polytechnic
Ilaro West Campus)

Fig 6: Plan showing overlayed Entrepreneurship development building design

4.4.1 Discussion of Result (building overlay of EED)
The Red line represents the observed edges of the building while the yellow represents the digitized edges
of the building. It was noticed that in the existing building archive design, the laid pipes, the Storex, and
the Soak away were not captured.

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 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 CONCLUSION
Due to the continuous changing rate in technology and the increasing need for locational data in digital
form, as well as the infrastructural change to meet rising population needs is on the rise, the acquisition and
management of As-built data have become a continuous necessity. The use of remote sensing equipment
and GIS application has become an unavoidable tool that will be used by almost all whenever the high
accuracy of a spatial information system must be provided for spatial decision-making.
The importance of the Asbuilt survey cannot be overemphasized, the data acquired were processed and
analyzed, an As-built plan of part of building facilities in the Federal Polytechnic Ilaro (West Campus),
Ilaro Ogun state was produced and the database was created, it was also confirmed suitable for the
management and maintenance of the structures and features related problems in the area.
Having achieved the above, it was revealed that there were variations in the exact position of structures on
the design on paper with the existing structures on the ground, also few newly erected structures, and
extensions of existing ones have not been updated in the building design. Therefore, a need for design
updates is necessitated.
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are made:
1. The need for adequate planning and design of an appropriate plan for an ideal building with all necessary
facilities included is recommended from the initial stage.
2. If there is a need for any afterthought design, an extension of the building, or an additional few structures,
it is recommended that the concerned personnel are contacted for a proper update of the design.
3. The need for a routine check and proper documentation on every building and facility available should
be carried out by concerned personnel to minimize variation in the design on the ground as compared with
the design on paper and the database.
6.0 REFERENCES
Charlse Ghilani and Paul Wolf. (2012). Constraints in CAD models for reverse engineering using
photogrammetry. In International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Amsterdam,
Netherlands.
Clayton., Mark, Robert Johnson, Yunsik Song, Jamal A.-Q. (2016). Information Content of As-Built
Drawings Information Content of As-Built Drawings (1st ed.). Texas: CRS Center College of
Architecture Texas A&M University College Station. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4702.0400
K.Jeyapalan, & D.Bhagawati. (2000). As-built surveys of roadside features for gis, visualization, and
virtual reality. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, XXXIII, 406–413.
Rabanni T.,van den Heuvel F., V. G. (2006). Segmentation of point clouds using smoothness constraint.
In The ISPRS Commission V Symposium on Image Engineering and Vision Metrology (p. pp 248-
253). Dresden, Germany.
Sahely, Halla, Kennedy, C. and A. B. (2019). Developing sustainability criteria for urban infrastructure
systems.". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol 32(1), 72–85.

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