Fermi-Dirac and

Bose-Einstein Distributions
Prof. D.E. Motaung
 First Law of Thermodynamics:

dE = TdS +  dN − PdV
dV → 0
TdS = dE −  dN
TdS =   j n j −   n j
 j 
dS = ( − ) n j
T T
dS = k ln  = k (− ln n j + ln( g j − n j )) n j
j 
k (− ln n j + ln( g j − n j )) = ( − )
T T
g j − nj j 
ln( )= −
nj kT kT
 gj j 
ln( − 1) = −
nj kT kT
gj  j −
−1 = e kT
nj
gj  j −
=e kT +1
nj
nj 1
=  j −
gj
e kT +1
nj 1
=
1
 =
kT
 j − 
gj e +1
nj 1
= − +  j  = 
gj e +1
The Bose-Einstein Distribution
 j 
dS = ( − ) n j
T T
dS = k ln  = k (− ln n j + ln( g j + n j )) n j

j 
k (− ln n j + ln( g j + n j )) = ( − )
T T
g j + nj j 
ln( )= −
nj kT kT
gj j 
ln( + 1) = −
nj kT kT
gj  j −
+1 = e kT
nj
gj  j − 1
=
=e kT −1 kT

nj
nj 1
= − + 
 = 
gj e
j
−1