• SUMMATIVE PAPER 2021 DISCUSSIONS

Separation variables
dy y 1
− = Linear DE
dy dx dx x − 1 x − 1
 y +1
=
x −1 −
1
dx − ln x −1 ln x −1
−1 1
I.F=e x −1
=e =e =
x −1
ln y + 1 = ln x − 1 + K 1 1 1
y =  dx
y +1 x −1 x −1 x −1
ln =k
x −1
1 1
=  ( x − 1) dx = −
−2
y +c
y +1 k x −1 x −1
=e =C
x −1
y = −1 + c ( x − 1) 1 = C ( 0 − 1) − 1  C = −2
y = C ( x − 1) − 1 1 = C ( 0 − 1) − 1  C = −2
y = −2 ( x − 1) − 1 = −2 x + 1
y = −2 ( x − 1) − 1 = −2 x + 1
p (t ) = 3 q (t ) = t

 3 dt
I.F=e = e3t

y.e3t =  te3t dt

t 3t 1 3t
y.e = e − e + c
3t

3 9
t 1
y = − + ce −3t
3 9
y = ux
Separation of variable
u+x
du
=
2x ( ux ) + u 2 2
x
1+ u dx
dx x 2 + x 2u  u du =  x
du x 2 ( 2u + u 2 )
2u + u 2
u+x = 2 = 1  dx
dx x (1 + u ) 1+ u   u + 1 du =  x
du 2u + u 2 u (1 + u ) y y
x = − ln u + u = ln x + c ln + = ln x + c
dx 1+ u 1+ u x x
ln 1 + 1 = ln 1 + c  c = 1
du u
x = y y
dx 1 + u ln + = ln x + 1
x x
 d  ( 0 ) = 100  (10 ) = 60
= k ( − 20 )
dt

ln  − 20 = kt + ln 80
d
  − 20 = kdt ln  − 20 = kt + c
 (10 ) = 60 k =
ln 0.5
10
 ( 0 ) = 100 c = ln 80
 ( t ) = 80ekt + 20

1
ln
8
t= 30 minutes
k
  2 
m 2 + 4 = 0  m1,2 = 2 j y = A cos ( 2t ) + B sin ( 2t ) +  − + t  et
 5 
yc = A cos ( 2t ) + B sin ( 2t ) 1 2 1 13
y ( 0) = A− = , A=
4 5 4 20
Yp = ( a + bt ) et t  2 
y = −2 A sin ( 2t ) + 2 B cos ( 2t ) + e + e  − + t 
 t

 5 
Y  = bet + ( a + bt ) et = ( a + b + bt ) et 1 1 2 11
y ( 0 ) = − , − = 2B + 1 − ,  B = −
2 2 5 20
Y  = bet + et ( a + b + bt ) = ( a + 2b + bt ) et
13 11  2 
( a + 2b + bt ) et + 4 ( a + bt ) et = 5tet y= cos ( 2t ) − sin ( 2t ) +  − + t  et
20 20  5 
( a + 2b + bt + 4a + 4bt ) et = 5tet
( 5a + 2b + 5bt ) et = 5tet b = 1, 5a + 2b = 0, a = −
2
5
 3
v ( t ) = u ( t − 1)
2

3e − s  −1 1 1 1 1 
3e−s
Q (s) =  + + 
s 2Q ( s ) − sq ( 0 ) − q ( 0 ) − Q ( s ) = 2  s 2 ( s − 1) 2 ( s + 1) 
2 s
−s

( s 2 − 1) Q ( s ) = 2 s
3 e
3  1 1 
q ( t ) = u ( t − 1)  −1 + e(t −1) + e −(t −1) 
3 e− s 2  2 2 
Q (s) =
2 s ( s − 1)( s + 1)
1 A B C 1 1
= + + A = −1, B = , C =
s ( s − 1)( s + 1) s s − 1 s + 1 2 2
 −5 −  1
=0 x ( 0 ) = 1 c1 + c2 = 1......(1)
4 −2 − 

( −5 −  )( −2 −  ) − 4 = 0 1 = −1, 2 = −6 y ( 0) = 2 4c1 − c2 = 2......(2)

1 = −1  −4 1   k1  0  1 
4    =   k2 = 4k1 K1 =   3
 −1  k2  0  4 (1) + ( 2 ) c1 = c2 =
2
5 5

2 = −6 1 1   k  0  1  x ( t )  3 − t 1  2 −6t  1 
k2 = −k1 K2 =     = e  + e  
 4 4   k  = 0 
1

  2    −1  y ( t ) 5 4 5  −1

 x (t ) −t 1  −6 t  1 
  = c1e   + c2 e   3 2
x ( t ) = e − t + e −6t
 ( )
y t 4  −1 5 5
12 2
x ( t ) = c1e − t + c1e −6t y ( t ) = 4c1e − t − c1e −6t y ( t ) = e − t − e −6t
5 5
 
bn =  ( t 2 + t ) sin ( nt ) dt
1
2 L = 2 ,  L =  L −
1 − (t + t )

 2

( 2t + 1) sin nt − 2 cos nt 
  =  cos ( nt ) + ( ) 3 ( )
 3
  2
 n
a0 =  ( t 2 + t ) dt =  − t 2  = n2  −
1 1 t 1 2 n

L −   3 2  − 3
1  −2 n −2
=  ( −1)  = ( −1)
n

  n  n
an =  ( t 2 + t ) cos ( nt ) dt
1
a0  
L − f ( t ) = +  an cos ( nt ) +  bn sin ( nt )
2 n =1
1  (t + t )
 n =1
2
( 2t + 1) 2 
=  sin ( nt ) + cos ( nt ) − 3 sin ( nt )  2   4 n

 2 n
 n f ( t ) = +   − 2 ( −1)  cos ( nt ) +   − ( −1)  sin ( nt )
2

n n  −
3 n =1  n  n =1  n 
1  4 n 4
= ( )  2( )
− = −
n
1 1
  n 2  n
 u ( 0, t ) = 0 
ut ( x, t ) =  sin ( nx )  −nFn sin ( nt ) + nGn cos ( nt ) 
u ( 0, t ) = A C cos (t ) + D sin (t )  = 0  A = 0 n =1

ut ( x, 0 ) = 0   sin ( nx ) nG n =0 Gn = 0
u ( x, t ) = B sin ( x ) C cos (t ) + D sin (t )  n =1

u ( , t ) = 0 
u ( x, t ) =  Fn sin ( nx ) cos ( nt )
u ( , t ) = B sin ( ) C cos (t ) + D sin (t )  = 0
n =1

F1 sin ( x ) + F2 sin ( 2 x ) + F3 sin ( 3x ) + ...... = 2sin ( 3x )

B  0, sin ( ) = 0   = n ,  = n Fn = 0 except for n=3 F3 = 2

u ( x, t ) = 2sin ( 3x ) cos ( 3t )

u ( x, t ) =  sin ( nx )  Fn cos ( nt ) + Gn sin ( nt ) 
n =1