1.

Are societies in the world becoming more similar (homogenous) or more different
(heterogenous)?

Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy
the same products anywhere in the world. First of all, the world has become a
global village. In other words, people can get whatever, and wherever they want.

2. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of homogenization of

culture? What about heterogenization?

The advantages of homogenization are easier and likely better-quality

communication, although arguably difference forces one to examine one’s own
culture more carefully, and may actually enhance how well you communicate its
values. More global cooperation due to shared understanding of the world,
shared goals, share methodologies of achieving these. Arguably global
cooperation requires a degree of similarity, values are shared in similar cultures.
While the disadvantages of homogenization, are less diversity of ideas. Different
cultures are powerful experiments in seeing how else a society could work and
provide examples to challenge existing norms and status quo. They provide
inspiration for changes within any given culture. Less ability to escape one’s own
culture if you don’t like it. Blandness in uniformity. Most of us are fascinated to
understand how a totally different system works.

The greatest advantage of heterogenization catalysis is the ease of separation,

while the disadvantages are often limited activity and selectivity.

3. Which of the aforementioned views on the history of globalization you find most
appealing? Why?

Maybe we should think of globalization as another form of global capitalism,

although globalization may have distributed the world’s products to everyone on
Earth, it may have also contributed to social and economic inequality, and also,
empowered the 1% over the 99% of the population who created and purchased
these products. I found all the aforementioned views to be unviewable. But the
most appealing idea for me is the people starting to love one another as human
beings, and because of that love, to cooperate for the good of all rather than to
compete on an ego basis.
Globalization, like good and evil, is nothing in itself, Jean-Marie Gustave Le
Clezio said in the speech. As hamlet expressed. But thinking makes it so,
literature, in particular this wonderful hybrid which is the novel a mixture of
poetry, of confession, and of voyeuristic cynicism is indeed the place of cross-
fertilization. It is an art which is absolutely opposed to every loss of identity and
all projects of a universal cultural ectoplasm.

“Every author, every reader, is a human being at the same time close and
different and only art can give us hope that this difficult contradiction may be
resolved.”

Assignment# 2:

Theories of globalization

Theory of liberalism- sees the process of globalization as market-led extension

of modernization. At the most elementary level, it is a result of natural human
desires for economic welfare and political liberty. As such, trans planetary
connectivity is derived from human drives to maximize material well-being and to
exercise basic freedoms.

Theory of Political Realism- advocates of this theory are interested in questions

of state power, the pursuit of national interest, and conflict between states.
According to them states are inherently acquisitive and self-serving, and heading
for inevitable competition of power. Some of the scholars stand for a balance of
power, where any attempt by one state to achieve world dominance is countered
by collective resistance from other states.

Theory of Marxism- it is principally concern with modes of production, social

exploitation through unjust distribution, and social emancipation through the
transcendence of capitalism. Accordingly, to Marxists, globalization happens
because trans-world connectivity enhances opportunities of profit-making and
surplus accumulation.

Theory of Constructivism- it has also arisen because of the way that people
have mentally constructed the social world with particular symbols, language,
images and interpretation. It is the result of particular forms and dynamics of
consciousness. Patterns of production and governance are second-order
structures that derive from deeper cultural and socio-psychological forces. Such
accounts of globalization have come from the fields of Anthropology, Humanities,
Media of Studies and Sociology.
Theory of Postmodernism- Some other ideational perspectives of globalization
highlight the significance of structural power in the construction of identities,
norms and knowledge. This mode of knowledge has authoritarian and
expansionary logic that leads to a kind of cultural imperialism subordinating all
other epistemologies. This theory like Marxism, helps to go beyond the relatively
superficial accounts of liberalist and political realist theories and expose social
conditions that have favored globalization. Obviously, postmodernism suffers
from its own methodological idealism. All materials forces, through come under
impact of ideas, cannot be reduced to modes of consciousness. For a valid
explanation, interconnection between ideational and material forces is not
enough.

Theory of feminism