Test Bank for Experiencing the Worlds Religions Tradition Challenge and Change 6th Edition M

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Tradition Challenge and Change 6th Edition Michael
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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

Chapter 6 – Test Bank

Multiple-Choice Questions
Daoism

1. The notion of wu wei is

a. social responsibility.
b. filial piety.
c. no unnecessary action.
d. education and discipline.
Answer: c
Page: 216

2. Literally, Daodejing means

a. book of light and shadow.
b. mountain-silence-scripture.
c. dark-path-poetry.
d. way-power-classic.
Answer: d
Page: 211

3. The man who dreamed he was a butterfly was

a. Laozi (Lao Tzu).
b. Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu).
c. Zhu Xi.
d. Mengzi (Mencius).
Answer: b
Page: 215

4. Applying the notion of yin and yang, we could say that Daoism shows a special love for
a. allowing things to develop naturally.
b. creating a large corporation.
c. getting as many academic degrees as possible.
d. having many children and educating them carefully.
Answer: a
Page: 208

5. The most important image to be found in the Daodejing, the image that best expresses its
ideals, is
a. fire.
b. music.
c. water.
d. light.
Answer: c

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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

Page: 214

6. At the end of his life, Laozi (Lao Tzu) is said to have

a. disappeared in a large cave in southern China.
b. sailed with friends off the eastern coast of China to find the Isles of the Blessed.
c. died when a tall, heavy bookcase fell over on him.
d. left China riding on an ox.
Answer: d
Page: 211

7. Daoists aim at enjoying a long life but also accept death because
a. the soul will be reborn, possibly in a better life.
b. the soul can go to heaven.
c. death is a part of the natural order of things.
d. accepting death shows strength of character.
Answer: c
Page: 208

8. The aspect of reality that expresses itself in silence, receptivity, and darkness is called
a. wu wei.
b. yin.
c. dao.
d. yang.
Answer: b
Page: 253

9. The Daodejing is written in approximately how many Chinese characters?

a. 100
b. 1,000
c. 5,000
d. 25,000
Answer: c
Page: 211

10. The Daodejing is known for its

a. deliberate obscurity.
b. careful prose.
c. logical organization of themes.
d. mention of important sites in China.
Answer: a
Page: 212

11. Dao is the origin of

a. mathematical certainty.
b. the rhythms of nature.
c. the human intuition of beauty.

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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

d. our ability to distinguish between right and wrong.

Answer: b
Page: 228

12. “Divination” refers to

a. telling the future.
b. burying the dead.
c. naming holy people as saints.
d. offering sacrifice to gods.
Answer: a
Page: 209

13. An image used by the Daodejing to express the difficulty of seeing in the Daoist way is
a. a cloud.
b. darkness.
c. smoke.
d. blindness.
Answer: b
Page: 213

14. A story in the Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu) makes fun of the silliness of human beings. It
compares them to
a. bees.
b. goats.
c. snakes
d. monkeys.
Answer: d
Page: 216

15. After his wife died, Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu)

a. swam.
b. danced.
c. sang.
d. worked in his garden.
Answer: c
Page: 215

16. Laozi (Lao Tzu) is said to have been a

a. fisherman.
b. painter.
c. carpenter.
d. librarian.
Answer: d
Page: 211

17. A hierarchical, hereditary form of Daoism is called

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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

a. Yellow Turban Daoism.

b. Complete Perfection Daoism.
c. Heavenly Master Daoism.
d. Daoism of Ancient Pines.
Answer: c
Page: 222

18. Black caps are the signature headwear for

a. Daoist priests.
b. members of the Legalist school of philosophy.
c. actors in theatrical programs performed during the Jiao rite of renewal.
d. teachers of Confucian ritual.
Answer: a
Page: 222

19. Concerning the origins of Daoism, scholars today point to

a. the historical founder, Laozi.
b. the Yijing, the Book of Changes.
c. a multiplicity of possible sources that coalesced into a movement.
d. the legendary Jade Emperor.
Answer: c
Page: 211

20. The two dots of contrasting color inside the light and dark commas of the yin/yang symbol
represent
a. the eternal strife of good and evil.
b. the seed of its opposite.
c. the eyes of God.
d. the great Daoists Laozi and Zhuangzi.
Answer: b
Page: 208

21. Daoism likely established monasteries and temples

a. to protect itself from Confucian influence.
b. to guard its secret practices.
c. in order to more closely follow the teachings of the Daodejing.
d. through the influence of Buddhism.
Answer: d
Page: 220

22. Daoism developed a pantheon of hundreds of deities, the most important being
a. the Three Purities.
b. several female deities.
c. humans elevated to the status of gods.
d. household gods that protect the people.
Answer: a

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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

Page: 221

23. The Three Purities consist of

a. Mother Li; Lord Lao; and Zhenwu, the perfected warrior.
b. Laozi; Confucius; and the Buddha.
c. the Jade Emperor; Laozi; and Zhuangzi.
d. the Dao; the god who transmits Daoist insight; and Laozi.
Answer: d
Page: 221

Confucianism

24. Confucianism has been especially concerned about relationships

a. with God.
b. between human beings.
c. with nature.
d. between human beings and animals.
Answer: b
Page: 227

25. Confucius lived during what years?

a. 1221-1156 B.C.E.
b. 860-780 B.C.E.
c. 551-479 B.C.E.
d. 437-502 C.E.
Answer: c
Page: 228

26. Confucius worked almost all his life as

a. a teacher.
b. a priest.
c. an artist.
d. a librarian.
Answer: a
Page: 228

27. The Analects are

a. the principal source of Legalist philosophy.
b. the sayings of Confucius.
c. a reaction against Mohist thought.
d. a compilation of ancient poetry, saved by Confucians.
Answer: b
Page: 235

28. The Doctrine of the Mean

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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

a. is a long work on the history of the state of Lu.

b. is the basis for the Legalist emphasis on strict punishment.
c. reflects the Daoist love of contemplation.
d. is a short book on moderation and harmony.
Answer: d
Page: 237

29. The Mencius

a. advocates the ideal of the bodhisattva.
b. offers advice about magical ritual that was thought to raise agricultural productivity.
c. presents the teachings of a Confucian thinker.
d. was a stone memorial to Confucius placed in his home town of Qufu.
Answer: c
Page: 237

30. Confucius’s ideal society would live according to the ideals of the
a. Five Great Relationships.
b. Four Noble Truths.
c. Seven Sacraments.
d. Five K’s.
Answer: a
Page: 231

31. Confucius hoped to

a. introduce new ideas about architecture.
b. stop the destruction of books by the emperor.
c. restore the social harmony of the past.
d. reestablish appreciation for simple living.
Answer: c
Page: 233

32. The Yijing (I Ching)

a. was a central library, where many ancient texts were kept.
b. recounts tales of the mythic life of the Yellow Emperor.
c. is a book of prophecy and poetry.
d. is a book, valued by Confucius, that is used for divination.
Answer: d
Page: 237

33. In their view of human nature, the Confucianists

a. seem to be the most optimistic of the philosophical schools.
b. emphasize that people are rapacious and predatory, needing the strictest controls.
c. see human beings as needing their characters shaped by education.
d. see education as a pursuit that primarily develops human intellect.
Answer: c
Page: 228

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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

34. The personal ideal or hero of Confucianism is the

a. teacher.
b. businessman.
c. noble person.
d. simple peasant.
Answer: c
Page: 230

35. The social period in which Confucius lived was

a. disorderly.
b. peaceful.
c. a time when China was ruled by a single emperor.
d. a time of a classless society.
Answer: a
Page: 229

36. Mencius (Mengzi, Meng Tzu) was a

a. Legalist with a pessimistic view of human nature.
b. Confucian with a positive view of human nature.
c. Mohist with a stern view of human nature.
d. Daoist with a very optimistic view of human nature.
Answer: b
Page: 239

37. Regarding Confucianism, the Communists after the Communist Revolution

a. encouraged it in order to build up a sound economy.
b. spread it because of its support of government.
c. rejected it as not being egalitarian.
d. rejected it because of its emphasis on individual freedom.
Answer: c
Page: 247

38. The most fundamental relationship for Confucius seems to have been that between
a. friends.
b. father and son.
c. elder brother and younger brother.
d. husband and wife.
Answer: b
Page: 231

39. The virtue of filial piety means

a. doing what is appropriate to a situation.
b. love of education.
c. devotion to one’s family.
d. doing only what is spontaneous.
Answer: c

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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

Page: 235

40. The ideal of benevolence or “human-heartedness” in Chinese is a written character made up

of which pictographs?
a. two hearts, one beside the other
b. a person under a roof
c. a mother and a child
d. a person and the number two
Answer: d
Page: 234

41. The most significant Confucian art form has been

a. garden design.
b. calligraphy.
c. stone carving.
d. music.
Answer: b
Page: 243

42. The authoritative pre-Confucian books are the

a. Analects.
b. Mencius.
c. Five Classics.
d. Four Books.
Answer: c
Page: 236

43. During the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.),

a. Confucianism became the official philosophy of China, guiding its state policy.
b. Confucianism was abandoned in favor of Daoism.
c. calligraphy came to be taught as a part of Confucian training for girls.
d. Confucians embraced and adopted Buddhist religion as a complement to their own
philosophy.
Answer: a
Page: 238

44. Which great scholar developed a complete philosophy of reality, now called Neo-
Confucianism?
a. Mozi (Mo Tzu)
b. Xunzi (Hsun Tzu)
c. Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi)
d. Dong Zhongshu (Tun Chung-shu)
Answer: c
Page: 242

45. China has had how many female rulers (emperors)?

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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

a. 0
b. 1
c. 4
d. 10
Answer: b
Page: 247

46. Confucianism was criticized by Chinese who had studied in the West and were influenced by
the teachings of
a. John Dewey and Bertrand Russell.
b. Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir.
c. Georg F. Hegel.
d. George Santayana.
Answer: a
Page: 247

47. Confucianism remains a strong value system in

a. Cambodia.
b. Indonesia.
c. Malaysia.
d. Korea.
Answer: d
Page: 247

48. The Qing (Ching) dynasty, the last imperial dynasty, collapsed in China in
a. 1445.
b. 1703.
c. 1911.
d. 1966-1967.
Answer: c
Page: 246

49. Complex Confucian etiquette shows respect to others, makes social interactions predictable,
and
a. reflects the social position of its participants.
b. leads to the virtue of humility.
c. generates much anxiety and resentment.
d. led to the development of Confucianism as a religious system.
Answer: a
Page: 233

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 Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

Essay Topics

50. Explain yang and yin, using examples as necessary to illustrate your explanation.

51. Recount the life story of Laozi.

52. What is the Daodejing and what roles has it played in the Daoist religion?

53. Define the Dao—or explain why we cannot define the Dao, yet can experience it.

54. What does the collection called the Zhuangzi add to basic understanding of the Dao?

55. Explain the ideal of wu wei.

56. Summarize four of the basic teachings of early Daoism.

57. Describe three or four features that came to be associated with later Daoism.

58. Explain the likely influences Buddhism had on Daoism.

59. Provide an overview of the Daoist pantheon of deities.

60. Describe with some detail four classical Chinese arts and show how they exhibit some of the
concerns of Daoism.

61. What particular aspects of the Dao are of primary interest to the Confucian?

62. What two ideals were sought by Confucius?

63. Explain, from a Confucian perspective, what it would take to be a “superior” human being.

64. List the five great relationships and summarize the responsibilities of the related persons in
each of the five.

65. What is ren? How does one show it?

66. Explain wen and describe how it shows itself in practice.

67. Explain the Confucian notion of sincerity and contrast it with the common Western notion.

68. Identify two of the Four Books of Confucianism and describe a key characteristic of each.
69. Describe what Mencius brought to Confucianism by contrasting his thought with that of
Confucius.

70. Pretend that you have been asked to begin a Confucian school. What would be studied? What

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Test Bank for Experiencing the Worlds Religions Tradition Challenge and Change 6th Edition M

Chapter 6 Daoism and Confucianism

practices would be evident in everyday life?

71. Summarize Zhu Xi’s contributions to Confucian thought.

72. What is the greatest of Confucian arts? Why?

73. Summarize three key arguments against Confucianism that became prominent during the
twentieth century.

74. In what ways are Confucian virtues at odds with typical Western virtues?

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