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4. Failure to blot the edge of the reagent strip may result in errors in color interpretation caused
by:
A) excess dilution
B) runover
C) reagent leaching
D) chemical concentration
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
10. A urine specimen with a pH of 9.0 indicates that the patient should be:
A) tested further for metabolic or respiratory alkalosis
B) changed to a high meat diet to lower the pH
C) placed on medication to lower the pH
D) asked to collect a new specimen
13. Which of the following is not typical of a urine specimen from an uncontrolled diabetic?
A) Positive ketones
B) Positive glucose
C) Increased specific gravity
D) High pH
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
15. The protein section of the reagent strip is most sensitive to:
A) albumin
B) mucoprotein
C) Bence Jones protein
D) globulin
16. When performing an SSA test, false-positive results may be obtained in the presence of:
A) ketones
B) alkali
C) glucose
D) radiographic contrast media
17. When using the reagent strip protein method, false-positive results may occur in the presence
of:
A) large amounts of glucose
B) radiographic contrast media
C) Bence Jones protein
D) highly alkaline urine
18. To detect the presence of early renal disease, diabetic patients are tested for:
A) Bence Jones protein
B) microalbuminuria
C) orthostatic protein
D) glucose and ketones
20. The principle of the reagent strip test for protein is the:
A) acid precipitation of protein
B) salting out of proteins
C) pH affect on bromthymol blue
D) protein error of indicators
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
22. All of the following can be used to detect the presence of microalbuminuria except the:
A) Multistix Pro
B) SSA test
C) Micral-Test
D) Clinitek 50
24. The type of proteinuria least likely to be detected by reagent strip is:
A) orthostatic
B) prerenal
C) renal
D) postrenal
26. The type of protein that precipitates at 60oF and dissolves at 100oF is a/an:
A) abnormal protein associated with UTI
B) abnormal protein associated with hemolysis
C) abnormal globulin associated with multiple myeloma
D) normal serum albumin–type protein
27. Which of the following best describes the chemical principle of the protein reagent strip?
A) Protein reacts with an immune complex on the pad, which results in a color change.
B) Protein causes a pH change on the reagent strip pad that results in a color change.
C) Protein accepts hydrogen ions from an indicator dye, which results in a color change.
D) Protein causes protons to be released from a polyelectrolyte, resulting in a color change.
28. The albumin:creatinine ratio may be elevated in patients whose urine contains:
A) leukocytes
B) glucose
C) blood
D) bilirubin
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
29. The pseudoperoxidase reaction is the principle for the reagent strip test(s) for:
A) blood
B) nitrite
C) creatinine
D) both A and C
30. The test on the Multistix Pro reagent strip that uses a dye-binding principle is:
A) protein-high
B) protein-low
C) urobilinogen
D) creatinine
33. Which of the following makes a test for glucose in the urine specific?
A) Glucose oxidase
B) Iron ions
C) Copper ions
D) Buffers
34. The appearance of glucose in the urine of a patient with an elevated blood sugar indicates:
A) diabetes mellitus
B) renal tubular damage
C) diabetes insipidus
D) cylindroiduria
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
36. Pediatric urine specimens are additionally tested for the presence of:
A) glucose using Clinitest
B) galactose using Multistix
C) lactose using Multistix Pro
D) galactose using Clinitest
38. A urine specimen is analyzed for glucose by a glucose oxidase reagent strip and a copper
reduction test. If both results are positive, which of the following interpretations is correct?
A) Galactose only is present
B) Glucose only is present
C) Lactose only is present
D) Ascorbic acid only is present
39. A laboratory error that can result in an infant developing severe mental retardation is failure
to perform a/an:
A) Acetest
B) SSA test
C) Ictotest
D) Clinitest
40. All of the following may interfere with glucose detection in a urine specimen except:
A) galactose
B) ascorbic acid
C) bleach
D) the sample remaining at room temperature for 4 hours
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
43. Which of the following statements is (are) correct for glucose testing by reagent strip?
1. Glucose oxidase reacts with glucose in the urine.
2. Non-glucose–reducing substances fail to react.
3. Ascorbic acid may cause a false-negative reaction.
4. Hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase react to oxidize a chromogen.
A) 1 only
B) 1, 2, and 3
C) 1, 2, and 4
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4
45. While performing a Clinitest, you observe that the color changes rapidly from blue to orange
and then back to blue. You should:
A) report the test as negative because the final reaction color is blue
B) report the test as negative because the brief orange color probably was from detergent in the
tube
C) repeat the test using fewer drops of urine to check for “pass through”
D) repeat the test using more drops of urine to prevent “pass through”
46. A 1+ reagent strip reaction and a 4+ Clinitest reaction could indicate the presence of:
A) glucose and other reducing substances
B) glucose only
C) non-glucose–reducing substances only
D) contamination by a strong oxidizing agent
47. A negative reagent strip test for glucose with a positive Clinitest indicates the possibility of:
A) juvenile diabetes
B) glycosuria
C) galactosuria
D) peroxide contamination
48. The ketones that are produced in normal adult metabolism include all of the following
except:
A) acetone
B) phenylketones
C) acetoacetic acid
D) beta-hydroxybutyric acid
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
51. Excessive fat metabolism is indicated by the presence in the urine of:
A) cholesterol
B) glucose
C) ketones
D) protein
52. The reagent strip test for ketones may detect the urinary presence of:
A) acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid
B) acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid
C) beta-hydroxybutyric acid and diacetic acid
D) acetoacetic acid and acetone
54. Sodium nitroprusside and an alkaline buffer are used to test for:
A) bilirubin
B) ketones
C) glucose
D) protein
55. A urine sample that tests positive for ketones and negative for glucose is most likely from a
patient suffering from:
A) diabetes insipidus
B) diabetes mellitus
C) polydipsia
D) starvation
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
58. Ammonium sulfate is added to a red urine. The urine had a positive reaction for blood, but
there were no RBCs in the sediment. After centrifugation, the sedimented ammonium sulfate
is red. The abnormal color is caused by:
A) Pyridium
B) hemoglobin
C) porphyrins
D) myoglobin
60. A spotted reaction on the reagent strip reaction for blood indicates:
A) hematuria
B) hemoglobinuria
C) myoglobinuria
D) porphyrinuria
61. A reagent strip test for blood is reported positive. No red blood cells are seen on the
microscopic examination. The patient's condition is called:
A) hematuria
B) oliguria
C) hemoglobinuria
D) hemosiderinuria
62. The finding of a 2+ reagent strip reaction for blood in the urine of a patient with severe lower
back pain can aid in confirming a diagnosis of:
A) pyelonephritis
B) appendicitis
C) renal calculi
D) multiple myeloma
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
63. The principle of the reagent strip test for bilirubin is that bilirubin:
A) causes a color change when it binds to a buffered pH indicator
B) combines with a diazonium salt to form a colored complex
C) is oxidized to biliverdin
D) causes a pH change detected by the reagent pad indicator
65. Ascorbic acid interferes with the reactions for bilirubin and nitrite by:
A) reducing the oxidized chromogen
B) binding with the diazonium salt
C) neutralizing the buffer
D) oxidizing the aromatic amine
67. The Ictotest is a more sensitive test for urinary bilirubin because:
A) the tablets contain a more sensitive diazonium salt
B) sulfosalicylic acid is included in the tablets
C) bilirubin remains on the surface of the mat
D) water is used to dissolve the tablet
68. With biliary duct obstruction, it is common for reagent strip tests to show:
A) Bilirubin: 0 Urobilinogen: 0.1 EU
B) Bilirubin: ++ Urobilinogen: 0.1 EU
C) Bilirubin: 0 Urobilinogen: 4 EU
D) Bilirubin: ++ Urobilinogen: 4 EU
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
70. A pink color in the Hoesch test indicates the presence of:
A) urobilinogen
B) myoglobin
C) porphobilinogen
D) nitrite
71. Specimens for urobilinogen testing are collected between 2 and 4 p.m. because:
A) they have a higher volume
B) an alkaline tide occurs following lunch
C) protein is less likely to be present
D) the urine will be more acidic
72. Reagent strip results associated with hemolytic disease would correspond with which of the
following?
A) Bilirubin = 0 Urobilinogen = 1 EU
B) Bilirubin = ++ Urobilinogen = 1 EU
C) Bilirubin = 0 Urobilinogen = 8 EU
D) Bilirubin = ++ Urobilinogen = 8 EU
73. A specimen that produces a cherry red color with Ehrlich's reagent is extracted with
chloroform and butanol. If the positive reaction is caused by urobilinogen, you would expect
it to be:
A) extracted into chloroform and butanol
B) extracted into chloroform but not butanol
C) extracted into butanol but not chloroform
D) not extracted into chloroform or butanol
74. A specimen that produces a cherry red color with Ehrlich's reagent is extracted into
chloroform, and both the aqueous and chloroform layers are red. You should:
A) repeat the test with chloroform from a new bottle
B) extract the aqueous layer into more chloroform
C) extract the specimen into butanol
D) report the presence of both urobilinogen and porphobilinogen
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
77. Which of the following can produce a negative nitrite test in the presence of significant
bacteriuria?
A) Production of nitrogen from the presence of many bacteria
B) Performing the test on a first morning specimen
C) Increased dietary nitrate
D) Decreased ascorbic acid
78. Which of the following will be detected by the reagent strip nitrite reaction?
A) Staphylococcus saprophyticus
B) Candida albicans
C) Streptococcus faecalis
D) Escherichia coli
80. Major advantages of the leukocyte esterase reagent strip test include all of the following
except:
A) it will detect the presence of lysed leukocytes
B) it can be used to screen specimens before bacterial culturing
C) it is a more standardized method for detecting leukocytes than the microscopic method
D) it will accurately quantitate the leukocytes present
81. Reagent strip reactions for WBCs are based on the detection of:
A) bacterial peroxidase activity
B) esterase activity
C) reduction of indoxyl blue
D) binding of a diazonium salt
82. The cells most frequently associated with urinary tract infection are:
A) monocytes
B) basophils
C) neutrophils
D) lymphocytes
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
84. The principle of the reagent strip test for specific gravity is:
A) ionization of the indicator bromthymol blue, producing a pH change
B) ionization of a polyelectrolyte, producing a pH change detected by bromthymol blue
C) reaction of dissociated polyelectrolyte with bromthymol blue to produce a pH change
D) change in the pK of bromthymol blue to produce a pH change
85. The method of choice for performing a specific gravity following administration of
radiographic dye is:
A) reagent strip
B) refractometer
C) urinometer
D) densitometer
86. A specific gravity of greater than 1.040 by refractometer is 1.025 when checked using a
reagent strip. The technologist should:
A) report the result as 1.025
B) dilute the specimen and retest by refractometer
C) request a new specimen
D) report the result as greater than 1.040
87. All of the following reagent strip tests utilize a diazonium salt except:
A) bilirubin
B) nitrite
C) specific gravity
D) leukocyte esterase
88. A specific gravity reading of 1.040 by refractometer and 1.015 by reagent strip is indicative
of:
A) reagent strip deterioration
B) radiographic dye
C) low urine pH
D) refrigerated urine
89. A dark blue color in the reagent strip pad for specific gravity indicates:
A) a low specific gravity
B) a contaminated specimen
C) increased protein is interfering
D) a high specific gravity
90. The reagent strip reaction most critically affected by failure to blot the strip is the:
A) pH
B) protein
C) blood
D) bilirubin
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
91. Which of the following is not affected by increased intake of ascorbic acid?
A) Blood
B) Bilirubin
C) Nitrite
D) Ketones
92. An injury may occur if incorrect technique is used when performing the:
A) SSA test
B) Clinitest
C) Acetest
D) Ictotest
93. The urinalysis result most closely associated with renal disease is a positive:
A) bilirubin
B) glucose
C) nitrite
D) protein
94. What action would you take with the following results:
Color: Yellow Protein: Trace Blood: Moderate
Clarity: Hazy Glucose: Negative Urobilinogen: 1.0 EU
Specific Gravity: 1.013 Ketones: Negative Nitrite: Negative
pH: 8.0 Bilirubin: Negative Leukocyte esterase: Negative
Microscopic
4-8 WBC/hpf
20-25 RBC/hpf
A) Call the floor because the urobilinogen is over the panic value
B) Notify the floor that the specimen is too old
C) Recheck the sediment
D) Report the result
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Unsatisfactory specimen
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Normal female specimen
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
98. A person with respiratory acidosis is expected to have a low urine pH.
A) True
B) False
100. Myoglobin is removed from the blood more rapidly than hemoglobin.
A) True
B) False
101. The nitrite test is not reliable unless specimens are collected using the midstream clean-
catch technique.
A) True
B) False
102. When performing a reagent strip specific gravity on an alkaline urine, 0.005 should be
subtracted from the reading.
A) True
B) False
Determine whether each of the following patients is expected to produce this urine.
Urinalysis produces the following results:
Color: Dark yellow Protein: Negative Blood: Negative
Clarity: Clear Glucose: Negative Urobilinogen: Negative
Specific gravity: 1.028 Ketones: Large Nitrite: Negative
pH: 5.0 Bilirubin: Negative Leukocyte esterase: Negative
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
104. A 7-year-old girl with uncontrolled diarrhea and vomiting for 3 days.
A) Yes
B) No
106. A 42-year-old man taking diuretics and maintaining adequate fluid intake.
A) Yes
B) No
The following urinalysis results are obtained from a female vegetarian who supplements her diet
with megavitamins:
Color: Dark yellow Protein: 1+ Blood: Trace
Clarity: Cloudy Glucose: Negative Urobilinogen: 4 EU
Specific gravity: 1.009 Ketones: Negative Nitrite: Negative
pH: 8.0 Bilirubin: Negative Leukocyte esterase: Trace
Microscopic
40–50 WBCs/hpf Many bacteria
10–12 RBCs/hpf
108. Why is there a discrepancy between the urine color and specific gravity?
A) An old specimen
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Increased beta carotene
D) Increased bacteria
109. What is the most probable cause of the discrepancies in the chemical and microscopic
results?
A) Dilute specimen
B) Increased ascorbic acid
C) Specimen color
D) Specimen clarity
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
State the most probable cause for each of the following scenarios:
113. A student is having difficulty interpreting the reagent strip color reactions on a thick
orange specimen.
A) Vegetarian diet
B) Elevated urobilinogen
C) Phenazopyridium
D) Cloudy specimen
114. A laboratory that routinely screens all infants with the Clinitest is accused of missing a
case of galactosuria.
A) “Pass through” was not observed
B) Specimen was too old
C) High level of ketones
D) High level of glucose
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
116. A vegetarian consistently has false-positive readings for blood on routine specimens.
A) Ketone interference
B) Dilute specimen
C) Increased leukocytes
D) Vegetable peroxidase
117. A test on a yellow-green specimen from a jaundiced patient is negative for bilirubin.
A) Bilirubin oxided to biliverdin
B) Glucose interference
C) Bilirubin reduced to urobilinogen
D) Presence of Lodine
118. A student reports a positive urobilinogen using Multistix and a negative urobilinogen
using Chemstrip on the same specimen.
A) Outdated reagent strips
B) Porphobilinogen present
C) Failure to mix specimen
D) Refrigerated specimen
The following questions relate to the substances formed in the degradation of heme:
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
123. The substance producing the brown color ino feces is:
A) urobilinogen
B) unconjugated bilirubin
C) urobilin
D) stercobilinogen
E) conjugated bilirubin
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
Answer Key
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. D
11. A
12. D
13. D
14. B
15. A
16. D
17. D
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. C
22. B
23. D
24. B
25. C
26. C
27. C
28. B
29. D
30. D
31. B
32. C
33. A
34. A
35. D
36. D
37. A
38. B
39. D
40. A
41. D
42. A
43. D
44. D
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Chapter 5: Chemical Examination of Urine
45. C
46. A
47. C
48. B
49. C
50. B
51. C
52. D
53. C
54. B
55. D
56. A
57. A
58. B
59. D
60. A
61. C
62. C
63. B
64. D
65. B
66. D
67. C
68. B
69. C
70. C
71. B
72. C
73. A
74. B
75. C
76. C
77. A
78. D
79. D
80. D
81. B
82. C
83. D
84. B
85. A
86. A
87. C
88. B
89. A
90. A
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Test Bank for Urinalysis and Body Fluids, 5th Edition: Strasinger
91. D
92. B
93. D
94. D
95. C
96. B
97. B
98. A
99. A
100. A
101. B
102. B
103. A
104. A
105. B
106. B
107. A
108. C
109. B
110. A
111. D
112. D
113. A
114. A
115. C
116. D
117. A
118. A
119. A
120. D
121. B
122. E
123. C
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