Chapter 6+7

Particle Dynamics II
+ Work and Energy

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6.3 Satellite Orbits

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6.3 Satellite Orbits
• Figure 6.15 shows a particle of mass m in stable circular orbit
around a stationary body of mass M. in Newton’s second law,
F=ma, the inward force of gravity provides the centripetal
acceleration. Eq 6.3 takes the form

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6.3 Satellite Orbits

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6.3 Satellite Orbits

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EXAMPLE 6.9

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EXAMPLE 6.9

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EXAMPLE 6.10

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EXAMPLE 6.10

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Chapter 7 Work and Energy

• In principle, all problems in classical mechanics can

be solved by using Netwon’s laws.
• In practice, we often have little information on the
forces involved in a given situation.
• Therefore, we introduce a different approach to the
solution of problems in mechanics that is based on
the concepts of work and energy.
• Although energy can change form, it can be neither
created nor destroyed. This is called the principle of
conservation of energy.

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7.1 Work Done by a Constant Force

• The work W done by a constant force F when its point of

application undergoes a displacement s is defined to be

• where θ is the angle between F and s as indicated in Fig.7.1

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 • Work is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is joule (J).

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Work Done by a Constant Force:
examples

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Work Done by a Constant Force:
examples

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Negative Work and Work Done by
Friction

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Negative Work and Work Done by
Friction

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• A crate is being pushed with a constant horizontal
force, F. Four forces can be identified: 1) F, 2) the
gravitational force, 3) the normal force, and 4) the
frictional force. Which forces do NO work on the
crate?
• A) 1&4
• B) 2&3
• C) 2&3&4
• D) 1&2&3

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• A crate is being pushed with a constant horizontal
force, F. Four forces can be identified: 1) F, 2) the
gravitational force, 3) the normal force, and 4) the
frictional force. Which forces do NO work on the
crate?
• A) 1&4
• B) 2&3
• C) 2&3&4
• D) 1&2&3

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What is the total work done by the 50-N
force?
a) A) 120 J
b) B) 160 J
c) C) 200 J
d) D) 280 J
e) E) 0 J

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What is the total work done by the 50-N
force?
a) A) 120 J
b) B) 160 J
c) C) 200 J
d) D) 280 J
e) E) 0 J

b) Only the component

of force in the
direction of motion
does work:
W=F·d
= (40 N) · (4 m)
= 160 J.
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Work Done by Gravity

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EXAMPLE 7.1

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Suppose that you can crush an aluminum can by
dropping a rock of mass m on it from a
height h. Which of the following scenarios would
also crush one can?
A) dropping a rock of mass 2m from height 1/2h
B) dropping a rock of mass 1/4m from height 4h
C) dropping a rock of mass ½m from height 2hof
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
E) none of the above
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Suppose that you can crush an aluminum can by
dropping a rock of mass m on it from a
height h. Which of the following scenarios would
also crush one can?
A) dropping a rock of mass 2m from height 1/2h
B) dropping a rock of mass 1/4m from height 4h
C) dropping a rock of mass ½m from height 2h
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
E) none of the above
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7.2 Work by a Variable Force in
One Dimension

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 Work Done by a Spring

• Hooke’s Law

where k, measured in N/m, is called the spring

constant.

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EXAMPLE 7.2

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EXAMPLE 7.2

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Work as an Integral of the Fx versus x
Graph

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Exercises

• 1. A 5.00 kg block moves up a rough incline (μk = 0.150) under the

action of a horizontally applied force F = 140 N. What is the total
work in Joules done on the block as it travels a distance s = 1.75 m
up the incline?

• 2. A man pulls a 10 kg block 10 meters along a level floor at a

constant speed with a force directed 30º above the horizontal. If the
coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and floor is 0.20,
how much work does the man do on the block?

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