材料科學功課

2.1 Cite the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight.
全因 has two naturally occurring isotopes:
2.3 Indium
同位素 113
In with an atomic weight of
112.904 amu, and 115In with an atomic weight of 114.904 amu. If the average atomic
weight for In is 114.818 amu, calculate the fractionof-occurrences of these two
isotopes.
2.7 Without consulting Figure 2.8 or Table 2.2, determine whether each of the
結構 形態 is an inert
following electron configurations 情性氣gas,
体 a halogen, 鹼 metal, an
⿄素 an alkali
alkaline earth metal, or a transition metal. Justify your choices.
(a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2
(b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
(c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
2.8 The atomic radii of Mg2+ and F- ions are 0.072 and 0.133 nm, respectively.
(a) Calculate the force of attraction between these two ions at their equilibrium
離⼦間 separation (i.e., when the ions just touch one another).
interionic
(b) What is the force of repulsion at this same separation distance.
2.13 Explain why hydrogen fluoride (HF) has a higher boiling temperature than
hydrogen chloride (HCl) (19.4 vs. –85°C), even though HF has a lower molecular
weight.

2.1
sumofprotonsandneutronsof asingle atom sothemass is unequivocal
atomic mass The
atomic weight Theaverageofthemass
of alltheatoms ofanelementbasedonthe abundanceofisotopes
23
inin2.9.4 yqutx114.9.4y 4sn In 4.3
ininuq4 xyl mitxtniutyinzit in 95.7
in4818
average zy1914 go.am x o043
27
1 transition metal
2alkalimetal
3alkalineearthmetal

2.8

r 5xim INsumofforce⼆0
qmgnizxnxi q.li
mic
in
Tiiiiiiiqy
到了
因為i的电
貞 氫鍵 所以HF沸奌比HCI⾼
度⼤ 與H會產⽣