Topic 2.1 Kinetic Particle Theory (Q1/01/07/N/02) Which property of a gas affects the rate at which it spreads throughout a laboratory? A. boiling point C reactivity B molecular mass D solubility in water (@at47mii03) Methylamine, CH,NH, (M, = 31), and hydrogen chloride, HC! (M, = 36.5) are both gases which are soluble in water. ‘The gases react together to form a white solid, methylammonium chloride. In an experiment to demonstrate rates of diffusion the following apparatus is set up. Where will the white solid form? A Bs D cotton wool soaked in cotton wool soaked in concentrated methylamine concentrated solution hydrochloric acid (Q3/01/0/N103) ‘The apparatus shown in the diagram was set up. 98s jar : hydrogen Over a period of time how will the water level at X change? A It will fall, then rise and return to X. Porous pot Bt will fall and remain at a lower level. C It will rise, then fall then return to X. D {twill rise and remain at a higher level. (Q5/01/0/N/04) In which conversion do H,O molecules lose speed? steam go \X water =———>>_ ice A Ico water B ico->steam C steam->ice water»5 (Q1/44/M/J/06) The experiment is set up as shown and left unti there is no further change. water purple crystal of Potassium manganate( Vil) What is observed? ‘A acolourless layer below a purple layer B a colouriess liquid with the purple crystal unchanged © a purple layer below a colourless layer D__auniformly purple solution (Q3/01/MVJ/05) ‘A sample of a pure compound is heated until it is completely molten and the compound is then allowed to cool until it is completely solid again. ‘The graph shows how the temperature of the compound changes with time. temperature time When are liquid and solid both present? A PtoQandRtoS B PtoQ Cc QtoR D RtoS(40/1 4/01/05) m ; , fs beaker of nitrogen is inverted over a porous pot containing carbon monoxide as shown, The water level does not change. beaker —/ nitrogen + carbon monoxide porous pot + ? water What is the reason for this? Both gases are diatomic. Nitrogen is an unreactive gas. “The gas particles are too large to pass through the porous pot. The two gases have the same relative molecular mass. com> 8 — (Q3/01/0/NI05) ‘The coverplate is removed from the gas jars shown in the diagram. After several days, the colar of the gas is the same in both jars. I— oxygen cover plate — bromine Which statement explains this change? A Oxygen and bromine gases have equal densities, B Oxygen and bromine molecules are in random motion. © Oxygen and bromine molecules diffuse at the same rate. D Equal volumes of oxygen and bromine contain equal numbers of molecules.10 1 2 13 (@2/01/M/J/06) Which gas has the slowest rate of diffusion? A. ammonia, NH B_ methane, CHy © oxygen, O, (Q1/11/0/NI07) {Atest-tube containing a liquid X is placed in a beak: i immediately. aker of boiling water. The liquid X starts to boil What is the boiling point of liquid X? D_ nitrogen, Ne A 100°C © between 0°C and room temperature B above 100°C D__ between room temperature and 100°C (Q5/01/0/N/07) What correctly describes the molecules in very dilute sugar solution at room temperature? sugar molecules water molecules A | widely separated, moving at random | close together, moving at random B | widely separated, moving at random close together, not moving c widely separated, not moving widely separated, moving at random D | close together, moving at random _| _ close together, moving at random (Q1/41/0NI08) element argon | helium | neon _| nitrogen | oxygen boiling point/ec_| -186 | -269 | -246 | -196 | -183 Which elements would be gaseous at -190 C? A argon, helium and nitrogen B__ argon, nitrogen and oxygen © helium, neon and nitrogen D__ helium, neon and oxygen (Q7P140N08) Which diagram represents the arrangement of particles in a gas? A B c D oon . esti oe a BB | | baBP14 (Q4/14/0N/10) The boiling points of various gases found in the air are shown below. °C argon 186 carbon dioxide | -78 nitrogen -198 oxygen 183 If the air is cooled, the first substance to condense is water. If the temperature is lowered further, what is the next substance to condense? A argon 45 == (Q3/01//J/08) Nitrogen dioxide is a dark brown gas and is more dense than air. A gas jar containing nitrogen dioxide is sealed with a glass plate and is then inverted on top of a gas jar containing air. The glass plate is removed, Which one of the following correct it ane ig ctly describe upper gas jar lower gas jar A brown, brown B dark brown light brown c colourless dark brown D light brown _ dark brown B carbondioxide C nitrogen © Doxygen | nitrogen dioxide glass plate es the colours inside the gas jars after a long period46 (Q8/01/O/N/08) Which gas diffuses at the same rate as nitrogen gas? A carbon dioxide B carbon monoxide Cc neon D sulphur dioxide 47 (Q101/MIJI09) AAn inflated balloon goes down because gas molecules can diffuse through the rubber. Four balloons are filled with different gases at the same temperature and pressure. Which balloon would go down quickest? A B c D / i, / carbon dioxide,CO, methane, CH, nitrogen, N. oxygen. O, 18 (Q4/11/0/N/09) The conical flask contains compound X which is present in solid, liquid and gaseous states. _solid X liquid x Which statement is correct? A Agaseous X molecule has a lower mass than a liquid X molecule. B Energy is released when X changes from liquid to solid. © Liquid x is at a higher temperature than solid X. D Liquid X molecules vibrate about fixed positions.19 (Q4/11/0/N/10) The diagram shows a diffusion experiment. beaker — porous pot —— oxygen — (uy e water Which gas, when present in the beaker over the porous pot, will cause the water level at Y to rise? A. carbon dioxide, CO, © methane, CHa B chlorine, Cz D nitrogen dioxide, NOz (Q1/1411J/11) A drop of liquid bromine is placed in the bottom of a gas jar. Brown fumes of bromine vapour slowly spread through the covered gas jar. Why does this happen? Bromine vapour is less dense than air. Bromine molecules and the molecules in air are always moving around. Bromine molecules are smaller than the molecules in air. 00D > Bromine molecules move faster than the molecules in air. (Q12/44/M1I/12) The diagram shows an apparatus used to compare rates of diffusion. At which labelled Position did a white deposit of ammonium chloride form? source of ammonia hydrogen gas y chloride gas22 23 (Q9/44/M/J/18) A gas cylinder is placed in each of the four comers of a square room, Each cylinder contains a different gas stored under the same pressure. The gases are released at exactly the same time. Which gas will reach the centre of the room first? A. ammonia, NH © carbon monoxide, CO B argon, Ar D chlorine, Ct, (Q4/14/J/16) Which statement is not correct? A Energy is released when a liquid changes into a solid. B Particles move faster in the gaseous state than in the liquid state. © The carbon atoms in gaseous methane are further apart than those in solid diamond. D There is a large decrease in the volume of a solid metal when pressure is applied to it. (Qt412/M/UI16) Gases can diffuse through porous pots. The. diagram shows a beaker full of nitrogen inverted over a porous pot containing carbon monoxide. beaker nitrogen —{_ porous pot —— carbon monoxide - water ‘The water level does not move. Which statement explains this? A Nitrogen is almost inert. B The two gases have equal molecular masses. Both gases have two atoms in a molecule. D Neither gas is soluble in water.25 © (Q9/11/0/N/16) Four gases are listed. 1 CH 2 NHs 3 C02 4 Ne ‘1mol/dm’* of each of gases 1 — 4 is allowed to diffuse. What is the order of their rate of diffusion at room temperature and pressure? slowest ——» fastest A 1 2 4 3 B 2 1 3 4 c 3 4 2 1 D 4 1 3 2 26 © (Q33/12MJ/16) The diagram shows an experiment to determine the percentage of oxygen in air. D bell jar lit candle “ree Which diagram shows the correct level of water after the candle stops burning? A B c D Z 2 4 ete an leper 27 (Q4M2/0/N/16) When measured under the same conditions, which gas diffuses at the same rate as nitrogen? A ammonia, NH © ethane, C:Hy B carbon monoxide, CO Doxygen, O2ca (a8/14/M/J/17) Which statement correctly explains why chi Ne, at 20°C? 'Y chlorine, Ci,, at 40°C diffuses more slowly than neon, Chlorine has a relative me A ool lecular mass of 71 whilst neon has a relative atomic mass of 20. Chlorine is at a higher temperature than neon B ¢ Chlorine is diatomic and neon is monatomic. D_ Chlorine is more reactive than neon, (Q3/11/0/N/17) Which diagram shows the arran; gases nitrogen and oxygen? A 'gement of particles inside a balloon containing a mixture of the D key nitrogen atom © oxygen atom (Q4175118) Which substance would diffuse most quickly? A carbon dioxide at 0°C C neon at 0°C B carbon dioxide at 25°C D neon at 25°C (Q4/12/MIJ/18) ‘Two gases, ammonia and hydrogen chloride, at an equal pressure,” are allowed to enter the apparatus shown. white solid — eer Oo HCl) == zz NAG) After a time, a white solid forms on the inside of the tube. Which statements explain why a white solid forms in the position shown? 14 Ammonia and hydrogen chloride react to form solid ammonium chloride. 2 Ammonia diffuses faster than hydrogen chloride. 3 Ammonia has a lower relative molecular mass than hydrogen chloride. A 1,2and3 B 1and2only C 1only D 2and3only32 (Q1/11/0/N17) A purple pill is placed in a beaker of water. The beaker is left for several hours. ‘The diagram shows the appearance of the water when the pill s added and several hours later several hours water. — pale purple solution purple pill Which statement explains why this change occurs? A Diffusion occurs because the pill is coloured. B Diffusion occurs faster at higher temperatures. Diffusion occurs from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration. D Gases diffuse faster than liquids. (Q5/11/01N/17) Equal masses of methane gas are stored under different conditions. Under which set of conditions does the methane gas occupy the smallest volume? A 0°C and atmospheric pressure B 0°C and twice atmospheric pressure © 30°C and atmospheric pressure D 30°C and twice atmospheric pressure (Q3P11MJ04) In a sample of air at 25 C, the molecules of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide all move with different average speeds. Which of the following lists the molecules in order of decreasing average speed? fastest = ——_________»> slowest A | carbon dioxide oxygen nitrogen B nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide c oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen D oxygen nitrogen carbon dioxide (Q7/121MJ/13) What can be deduced about two gases that have the same relative molecular mass? A They have the same boiling point. B They have the same number of atoms in one molecule. © They have the same rate of diffusion at room temperature and pressure. D_ They have the same solubility in water at room temperature.37 (@4/12/0/N/18) Which statements are correct? 1 The volume of a gas at constant pressure increases as the temperature increases. 2 The rate of diffusion of a gas increases as the temperature increases. 3 The pressure of a gas at constant volume decreases as the temperature increases. A 1,2and3 B tand2only ¢ tand3only D 2and3only (Qart1Mvsiig) Which conditions will give the highest rate of diffusion of a gas? molecular mass of gas temperature A large high |B large low c small high D small low (Qa12mW/19) Which gas will diffuse at the fastest rate at the same temperature and pressure? A AD BCH. c CO, D F, (Q6/1400/20) Which changes in pressure and temperature would both result in a decrease in the volume of a fixed mass of gas? A Decrease the pressure and decrease the temperature. B Decrease the pressure and increase the temperature. C Increase the pressure and decrease the temperature. D Increase the pressure and increase the temperature. (Q6/12//5/20) Hydrogen sulfide, H,S, and hydrogen chloride, HC/, are both gases at temperatures above 50°C. Which gas will diffuse most rapidly at the temperature given? A hydrogen chloride at 40°C. B hydrogen chloride at -20°C © hydrogen sulfide at 40°C D_ hydrogen sulfide at -20°Ca (Q7/11/0/N/20) : Why does a balloon full of helium gas become smaller as the temperature changes from 39 Cty 10°C? A The gas condenses to a liquid and so takes up less space. B The gas particles become smaller at lower temperatures. © The gas particles diffuse through the ballloon and escape. D The gas particles move more slowly so reducing the pressure. (Q7/12/0/N/20) ‘ sample of a gas occupies a volume of 2.0dm’ at room temperature and pressure. ' Which changes in the conditions would both decrease the volume occupied by the gas? temperature pressure A decreased decreased B increased decreased c decreased increased D increased increased (Q6/12/M5/21) Which statement about states of matter is correct? ‘A When a liquid freezes it becomes a solid and energy is released to the surroundings. B When a liquid reaches its bolling point it becomes a gas. This process is called evaporation. © When a solid changes directly to a gas the process is called condensation. D When a solid melts the Particles get further apart and have less energy.