LABORATORYREPORT

LABORATORY PRACTICAL

DRAINAGE TIME OF
PULP

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CHAPTER

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of topic

This method describes a procedure to determine numerically a measure of the
slowness of stock, particularly groundwood or beaten pulp. In general, drainage time
of pulp is associated with freeness whether it is free or slow. Beating is a process
whereby wood fibers are mechanically treated by presence of water. It has major
influence on drainage time of pulp. Theoretically, the increasing level of beating
revolution will reduce the drainability which in fact increases the drainage time. Pulp
drainability is rapidly reduced as refining proceeds, mainly due to the increased
concentration of fines. This test gives an index of the slowness of stock on the paper
machine, and also a prediction of the quality of groundwood.

1.2 Objective

To determine the index of the slowness of stock on the paper machine.

1.3 Machineries and Apparatus

1. Standard Pulp Disintegrator

2. Standard Sheet Machine and Stirrer
3. Stop Watch, Container
4. Dipper
5. Container for diluted pulp 6. Graduated Cylinder (1000 ml).

1.4 Materials and Chemicals

1. Unbleached kraft pulp.

CHAPTER

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

2.1 Procedure

Disintegration

1. 24 g of OD pulp was weighed. (Air - dried pupae are determined by

calculation as pulp moisture content obtained from the previous class)
 II
2. 24 g of OD pulp was transferred to a disintegrator and added 2000 ± 25 cm 3 of
water
3. While the disintegrator is running, 4000 ml of water is prepared in a bucket
and 1000 ml in a graduated cylinder.
4. When finished, 1.2% of the pulp stock was poured from the disintegrator into
the container contains 4000 ml of water that you have prepared earlier.
5. The disintegrator container is rinsed with 1000 ml of water in grade cylinder,
and then poured into the same container filled with pulp stock. The stock
consistency is 0.34%.

Sheet Forming

1. 0.34% pulp stock was stirred vigorously and measured 400 ml by grade
cylinder.
2. The Semi -Automatic Sheet Container is on.
3. A rounded wire - mesh is placed on the chuck.
4. Slowly and slowly, the Buchner Funnel closed and locked.
5. Set to "MANUAL" mode. Then, the "INLET" button is pressed. 400 ml the
pulp stock is poured into the Buchner hopper when the water level reaches one
-third. Pulp stock temperature is adjusted to 20 ± 5 ° C (influenced by add a
little hot or cold water to the stock), and, after the start stirred, the stock
temperature was brought to the nearest 0.5 ° C.
6. After standard stirring and pausing for 5 seconds, the “AGITATION” Button
is initiated for 10 seconds. Then, the "DRAIN" button is pressed to drain the
stock and the time taken is observed in seconds for the level the pulp
suspension falls from the 350 mm mark onto the wire.
7. Couch of pre -formed sheets. the sheets the determined drainage time is
marked (minimum three sheets) with permanent pencil and average weight is
determined per unit area (gm-2) separately for special accuracy; otherwise, it
can be considered as complete set of sheets.
CHAPTER

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Experimental Results

Disintegration
III

The secondary pulp is weighed on a

scale of 75.0g.

After weighed the sample, pour the

sample into the disintigrator.
 The water is measured into the beaker
in a scale of 2000ml and 1000ml in
another beaker for the warshing
purpose. Another 4000ml being
measured into the bucket.

After the water is measured, pour the

water that in the beaker into the
disintegrator and wait until the machine
stop by itself

After the machine stop, pour the sample

into the bucket.

Then, pour the 1000ml water from the

other beaker for the washing purpose.
Sheet Making
Take 400 ml from the sample and
prepare 2000ml water using the
beaker.

Pour the sample and the water into the

Sheet Former.
 After the sample and water poured in
the machine, press the “INLET”
button then wait for 30 seconds.

After waiting 30 seconds to “INLET”

the sample, press the “STOP” button
then press “DRAIN” button and take
the time of water to drain then press
the “STOP” button again.

Immediately after the water has

drained from the sheet, open the
funnel to release the suction, then
couch the sheet off the wire.
Couching and laying press

2 blotting paper and the covering brass

is placed centrally on top of the
drained sheet.
 After that, the roller used for rolling
the sheet for 15 imes t forward and
backward until the sheet get stuck to
the blotting paper.

The blotting paper

from the machine. slowly pulled out

Drying
For the drying process, the sheet was
placed in the sheet dryer together with
the blotting paper.

After several minutes, take the sheet

out from the dryer.

The Sheet is separated from the

blotting paper.
 Finally, the sheet is folded into half than
the diameter of the sheet are measured
and the sheet also weighed.

Calculation
Sample Temperature (°C) Drainage time (s) Weight (g) Radius (cm)
1 29 5.20 0.9 7.95
2 29 5.31 1.0 7.95
3 29 4.51 1.0 7.95
4 29 4.24 0.3 7.95

d (60 – K)
dt = + [(1 / V t) – 1] [d – 4]
( r – K)

d= drainage time (t)

k = 25 r = gsm
(1 / Vt) – 1 = from Labsheet table Πj2 = Π (7.95)2

= 198.56 cm2

Sample 1
= 10 000 x 0.9
198.56
= 45.33 gsm
dt =5.20(60 – 25) + [0.23][5.20
– 4] (45.33 – 25)

= 8.95 + 0.28
= 9.23

Sample 2

= =
50.36 gsm

dt =5.31(60 – 25) + [0.23][5.31 –

4] (50.36 – 25)

= 7.33 + 0.3
= 7.63
Sample 3

= =
50.36 gsm

dt =4.51(60 – 25) + [0.23][4.51

– 4]
(50.36 – 25)

= 6.48 + 0.12
= 6.6
Sample 4

= =
15.11 gsm

dt =4.24(60 – 25) + [0.23][4.24

– 4]
(15.11 – 25)

= -15.005 + 0.24
= -14.77
3.2 Discussion

Based on experimental observations, sample 4 was the thinnest paper with 15.11 gsm.
Samples B and C have the same weight of 1.0 g but the drainage time is different that is
sample B, 5.31 s, while sample C, 4.51 s.
 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

Based on the experimental results, out of 4 samples, there is 1 sample that has a negative
result that is sample 4 with -14.11.

LIST OF REFERENCES

Richard Botha, 2015. Retrived from Factors Influencing the Drainage and Drying of Pulp
https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/57498/Botha_Factors_2015.pdf?seq
uence=1&isAllowed=y