Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Logic Gates
– Inverter, OR, AND, Buffer, NOR, NAND, XOR, XNOR
• Boolean Theorem
– Commutative, Associative, Distributive Laws
– Basic Rules
• DeMorgan’s Theorem
• Universal Gates
– NAND and NOR
• Canonical/Standard Forms of Logic
– Sum of Product (SOP)
– Product of Sum (POS)
– Minterm and Maxterm
A.A.H Ab-Rahman August 2008
SOP and POS
• All boolean expressions can be converted to
two standard forms:
– SOP: Sum of Product
– POS: Product of Sum
• Standardization of boolean expression makes
evaluation, simplification, and implementation
of boolean expressions more systematic and
easier
ABC AB ABCD
ABC AB ABCD
Apply D + D = 1 and C + C = 1
ABC ( D D) AB(C C )( D D) AB C D
Apply the distributive law
( A B )( A B C ) literal
maxterm
( A B C )( B C D)( A B C D)
(A B C D.D)( A. A B C D)( A B C D)
Expand first and second terms
( A B C D)( A B C D)( A B C D)( A B C D)
( A B C D)
Standard POS form
A
B
C
Z
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
Q
B
C
Z
A R
B
C
A S
Z P Q R S
B
C Using DeMorgan’s Theorem
A
B
C
Z
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
Q
B
C
Z
A R
B
C
A S
Z P Q R S
B
C Using DeMorgan’s Theorem