INSTRUCTION

SET OF
8051

486
 8051 Instruction
Set
• The instructions are grouped into 5 groups
– Arithmetic
– Logic
– Data Transfer
– Boolean
– Branching

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 1. Arithmetic Instructions
• ADD
– 8-bit addition between the accumulator (A) and a
second operand.
• The result is always in the accumulator.
• The C Y flag is set/reset appropriately.

• ADDC
– 8-bit addition between the accumulator, a second
operand and the previous value of the C Y flag.

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 ADD Instruction
• ADD A, source ;ADD the source operand
to
the
• M O V A, #03H ;load 03H into A
M O V B,#02H ;load 02accumulator
H into B

ADD A,B ;add B register to accumulator

;(A = A + B)= 05

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SUBB
–Subtract with Borrow.
– A  A - <operand> - CY.
–The result is always saved in the
accumulator.
–The C Y flag is set/reset
appropriately.

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 SUBB Instruction
• SUBB A, source ;ADD the source operand
to
the
• M O V A, #03H ;load 03H into A
M O V B,#02H accumulator
;load 02H into B
SUBB A,B ;add B register to accumulator
;(A = A - B)= 01

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• INC
– Increment the operand by one. Ex: I N C
DPTR
• The operand can be a register, a direct address,
an indirect address, the data pointer.

• D EC
– Decrement the operand by one. Ex: D EC B
• The operand can be a register, a direct address,
an indirect address.

• M U L A B / D IV A B
– Multiply A by B and place result in A:B.
– Divide A by B and place result in A:B.
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Multiplication of Numbers
MUL AB ; A  B, place 16-bit result in B and A
M O V A,#05 ;load 05H to reg. A
M O V B,#03 ;load 03H in reg. B
M U L AB ;05 * 03 = 000F where B = 00 and A =
0F

Table 6-1:Unsigned Multiplication Summary (MUL AB)

Multiplication Operand 1 Operand 2 Result

byte byte A B A=low byte,

B=high
byte

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Multiplication Concept
MUL AB ; A  B, place 16-bit result in B and A

MOV A,#25H ;load 25H to reg. A

MOV B,#65H ;load 65H in reg. B
MUL AB ;25H * 65H = E99 where B = 0EH and A = 99H

Table 6-1:Unsigned Multiplication Summary (MUL AB)

Multiplication Operand 1 Operand 2 Result

byte  byte A B A=low byte,

B=high
byte

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Division of Numbers
M O V A,#05 ;load 05H to reg. A
M O V B,#03 ;load 03H in reg. B
DIV AB ;05/03 =>Quotient = 01,Reminder = 02

where B = 02 and A =
01
Table 6-2:Unsigned Division Summary (DIV
AB)
Division Numerator Denominator Quotient Remainder
byte / byte A B A B

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 Division Concept
DIV AB ; divide A by B

• MOV ;load 95 into A

A,#95H ;load 10 into B
• MOV ;now A = 09 (quotient) and B = 05 (remainder)
B,#10H
• DIV AB
Table 6-2:Unsigned Division Summary (DIV
AB)
Division Numerator Denominator Quotient Remainder
byte / byte A B A B

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• A D D A,@Rn A = A + memory pointed to
Rn
• DA Decimal Adjust A {BCD addition}

•AA D D C A,@Rn
• SUBB A,@Rn
• I N C @Ri

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 2. Logical
instructions

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• ANL D,S
-Performs logical A N D of destination & source
-Destination : A/memory;
-Source : data/register/memory
- Eg: A N L A,#0FH A N L A,R5
• ORL D,S
-Performs logical OR of destination & source
-Destination : A/memory;
-Source : data/register/memory
- Eg: ORL A,#28H ORL A,@R0

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• XRL D,S
-Performs logical XOR of destination & source
-Destination : A/memory;
-Source : data/register/memory
- Eg: XRL A,#28H XRL A,@R0
• CPL A
-Compliment accumulator
-gives 1’s compliment of accumulator data
• SWAP A
-Exchange the upper & lower nibbles of accumulator

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• RL A
-Rotate data of accumulator towards left
without carry
• RLC A
- Rotate data of accumulator towards left with carry
• RR A
-Rotate data of accumulator towards right
without carry
• RRC A
- Rotate data of accumulator towards right
with carry

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3. Data Transfer
Instructions

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 MOV Instruction
• MOV destination, source ; copy source to
destination.
• MOV ;load value 55H into reg. A
A ,#55H ;copy contents of A into R0
MOV R0,A ;(now A=R0=55H)
M O V R1,A ;copy contents of A into R1
;(now A=R0=R1=55H)
M O V R2,A ;copy contents of A into R2
;(now A=R0=R1=R2=55H)
M O V R3,#95H ;load value 95H into R3
;(now R3=95H)
MOV ;copy contents of R3 into A
A ,R3 ;now A=R3=95H

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• M OV X
– Data transfer between the accumulator and
a byte from external data memory.
• MOVX A, @Ri
• MOVX A, @DPTR
• MOVX @Ri, A
• MOVX @DPTR, A

Presented by C.GOKUL,AP/EEE , Velalar College of Engg & Tech, Erode 502

• PUSH / POP
– Push and Pop a data byte onto the stack.
– The data byte is identified by a direct
address from the internal R A M locations.

• PUSH DPL
• POP 40H

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• XC H
– Exchange accumulator and a byte variable
• XC H A, Rn
• XC H A, direct
• XC H A, @Ri

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4. Boolean Variable
Instructions

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C LR:
• The operation clears the specified bit indicated in
the instruction
• Ex: CLR C clear the carry
SETB:
• The operation sets the specified bit to 1.

CPL:
• The operation complements the specified bit
indicated in the instruction

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• ANL C,<Source-bit>

-Performs A N D bit addressed with the carry bit.

- Eg: A N L C ,P2.7 A N D carry flag with bit 7
of P2

• ORL C,<Source-bit>

-Performs OR bit addressed with the carry bit.

- Eg: ORL C ,P2.1 OR carry flag with bit 1 of
P2
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• XORL C,<Source-
bit>
-Performs XOR bit addressed with the carry bit.
- Eg: XO L C ,P2.1 O R carry flag with bit 1 of
P2

• MOV
P2.3,C
• MOV
C ,P3.3
• MOV
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5. Branching
instructions

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• Program branching instructions are
used to control the flow of actions in
a program
•
Some instructions provide
decision making capabilities and
transfer control to other parts of the
program.
– e.g. conditional and
unconditional branches
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 Jump Instructions
• All conditional jumps are short jumps
– Target address within -128 to +127 of PC

• LJMP (long jump): 3-byte instruction

– 2-byte target address: 0000 to FFFF H
– Original 8051 has only 4KB on-chip
RO M

• SJMP (short jump): 2-byte instruction

– 1-byte relative address: -128 to +127
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 Call Instructions
• LC A L L (long call): 3-byte instruction
– 2-byte address
– Target address within 64K-byte range

• A C A L L (absolute call): 2-byte instruction

– 11-bit address
– Target address within 2K-byte range

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• The 8051 provides 2 forms for the
return instruction:
– Return from subroutine – RET
– Return from ISR – RETI

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