ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In liew of the University guidelines, as a part of fulfillment for award of Ph.D. degree a mammoth task such as this would not have seen the light of the day, but for the timely encouragement and guidance of my Guide, Dr. ZG. Badade. Professor of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai. Reviewing literature, discussions on presentation and successfully achieving our aims and objectives needed several sittings and time consuming schedules, which have born fruit in the form of this volume. Credit per-say goes to my respected Guide, Dr. 2.G. Badade, Professor of Biochemistry, to whom I shall remain eternally grateful. J would like to thank Dr. K.G. Narayankhedkar, Hon'ble Chancellor, Dr. S.N. Kadam, Hon'ble Vice Chancellor, Dr. S.K. Kaul, Hon'ble Pro-Viee Chancellor, Dr. N.N. Kadam, Hon’ble Director and Dr. Z.G. Badade, Hon'ble Registrar, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai for their encouragement and sound support during completion of this research work. Jam grateful 10 Dr. GS. Narshetty, Dean, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai for permission and sound support 10 carry out this work. Jam grateful to Dr. Chitra Pai, Ex. Director, Dr. Padma Chavan, Director, School of Biomedical Science, Navi Mumbai for permsission to carry ou this work. J express my deep sense of gratitude 10 Prof. P.G. Samant, Emeritus Professor, Dr A.D. Deepak, Professor and Head. Department of Biochemistry for every moral support, critical proof reading, valuable guidance to whom I shall remain erernaily grateful. Jn addition, 1 would like 10 thank Ms, Parineeta, Ms. Prachi, Ms. Sneha, Lecurers and Ph.D. Student Mr. Tanaji Jadhav; M.D. Students Dr. Santosh, Dr. Preeti, Dr. Manu, Dr. Vinita and M.Sc. Students Birendra, Bhupendra, Mukund, Prasad and non-teaching staff Vaishali, Lissy, Rajan; for their support for completion of this research work, I would like to thank Dr. Sanjeev Kolkute, Director, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Dr. Shraboni Mukherjee, Scientist-D, NIRRH, Ms. Gayatri and Ms. Sushma, Research Fellow, NIRRH for their support for completion of this research work.I would like ta thank Dr. Prakash Doke, Medical Superintendent, MGM Hospital Kamothe, Dr. N.C. Mohanty, Medical Superintendent, MGM Bespaal Kalamboli. Dr. Mahadik, Medical Superintendent, MGM Hospital, Belapur for their support for completion of this research work Jtake this opportunity 10 thank Dr. B.G. Boricha, Professor and Head, Dr. Jayashree Narshetty. Professor. Dr. R.K. Sharma, Professor, Dr. Shete Dr. Shekhar Yadav. Dr. Naresh Pavasiva from Dept. of Gynecology for their support for completion of this research work. J take this opportunity to thank Dr. Rita Dhar, Professor and Head, Dr. Borkar, Dr. Ujwala Maheshwari, Professor. Dr. Vijaya Harinath, Dr. Barpanda. Lecturer, Dept. of Pathology for their support for completion of this research work. J extend my gratitude to Dr. D.S. Joshi, Professor of Biotechnology, for valuable guidance and support. I thank Dr. Manasi, Dr. Gangawane, Dr. Harke and P.G. Swudents Bhushan, Girish, and Amrin, Department of Biorechnology for their support for completion of this research work. J take this opportunity to thank Dr. Devendra Lingojiwar, Director and Mr. Ravi. Scientist, ATG Lab, Pune for their support for completion of this research work. I take this opportunity 10 thank Mr. Pandurang Thakkar, Dept. of Biostatistics for their support for completion of this research work Jake this opportunity Dr. Chander Puri, Dr. Abidi, Dr. Manjeet Singh for their valuable guidance for completion of this research work. Lake this opportunity to thank Dr. H.G. Gharpure, Dr’ Nitin Nagane, and Dr, Vanita Jagtap for their support for completion of this work My deep sense of gratification to my inspirations of this study are my in- laws, parents, husband, my brother Vishal, sister Priyanka, and my kids Mrunal and Prajwal for their valuable support, constant help and encouragement to move ahead I would also like to thank everybody who had supported me directly or indirectly and I could not mention their names knowingly or unknowingly for completion of this research work.Last but not least I would like to thank all conirol subjects and patients those who have been part of this novel study without whom this study was impossible. Date: 15th January 2013 Ms. Kavita More