UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL –

RECOLETOS
#51 Lizares Avenue, Bacolod City, Negros Occidental, 6100

COMPILATION OF
FIELD EXERCISES IN
CSURV123P
SURVEYING 1
(ELEMENTARY SURVEYING)
SECTION:______GRPUP NO: ______

GROUP MEMBERS:
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

NAME OF PROFESSOR
 TABLE OC CONTENTS

LAB
LAB TITLE PAGE NO.
NO.
1 PACING
2 Taping Over Smooth and Level Ground

3 Determining the Area of A Rectilinear Field by Tape

4 Differential Leveling

5 Two-Peg Test

6 Open Compass Traverse

7 Closed Compass Traverse

8 Closing the Horizon

9 Interior angle traverse

10 Area of a Tract of Land by DMD/DPD method

1
2
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 01

TITLE: PACING

OBJECTIVE:
a) To determine individual pace factor.
b) To measure distance by pacing.

A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1. Range poles
2. Steel Tape
3. Markers

B. PROCEDURE
1. Determining Pace Factor.
a) Select a straight and level course and on both ends establish markers at least 90
meters apart. Designate these end points as A and B.
b) Walk over the course at a natural pace or gait starting with either heel or toe over
point A and count the number of paces to reach point B.
c) For succeeding trials, walk from B to A, then A to B, until 5 trials are completed,
and the number of paces recorded accordingly.
d) Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of observed field date.
2. Measuring Distance by Pacing.
a) Define or establish the end points of another level course whose length is to be
determined by pacing. Designate these end points as C and D.
b) For the first trial, walk over the course from C to D at a natural pace and record the
number of paces. Then, walk from D to C and again record the number of paces.
c) Repeat the above procedure until all five trials are completed.
d) After the field data is recorded, make an actual taping of the course CD to
determine the taped distance.
3
 e) Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of observed field data.

C. DATA TABULATION:

NUMBER OF MEAN NO. OF PACE FACTOR

TRIAL LINE TAPED DIST (m)
PACES PACES (m/pace)

1 AB

2 BA

3 AB

4 BA

5 AB

NO. OF PACED TAPED RELATIVE

TRIAL LINE MEAN
PACES DISTANCE DISTANCE PRECISION

1 CD

2 DC

3 CD

4 DC

5 CD

D. COMPUTATION
1. Computing Pace Factor (PF).
a) Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed on course AB then
compute the mean number of paces.
b) Divide the known or taped length of course AB by the mean number of paces for AB
to determine the pace factor.
2. Computing Paced Distance (PD).
a) Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed on course CD and
compute the mean number of paces.
b) Multiply the mean number of paces for CD by the pace factor to obtain the paced
distance.
3. Computing Relative Precision (RP).
a) Determine the difference between the taped distance of CD and the paced distance
of CD.

4
b) Divide the difference by the taped distance of CD and reduce the numerator to unity
to determine the relative precision.

5
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
SUMMER GRADE
FP01 LR01

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

6
DATA TABULATION:

NUMBER OF MEAN NO. OF PACE FACTOR

TRIAL LINE TAPED DIST (m)
PACES PACES (m/pace)

NO. OF PACED TAPED RELATIVE

TRIAL LINE MEAN
PACES DISTANCE DISTANCE PRECISION

COMPUTATIONS: (add sheet if needed)

7
8
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
SUMMER GRADE
FP01 LR01

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

9
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Store Inc.

10
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 02

TITLE: TAPING OVER SMOOTH AND LEVEL GROUND

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the horizontal length of a line over smooth and level ground with the tape
supported throughout its length.

A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1. 30m or 100 ft steel tape
2. Chaining Pins
3. Range Poles
4. Pegs or Hubs
5. Chalk or Marking Crayons
6. Spring Scale

B. PROCEDURE
1. Using hubs, mark both ends of the line (150 to 300 m long) to be measured. Place a
range pole behind each point and also establish intermediate points along the line to
ensure unobstructed sight lines. If the point to be marked is on a pavement, use chalk
or marking crayons. Designate these end points as A and B.
2. The rear tapeman with one pin stations himself at the point of beginning and the head
tapeman takes the zero end of the tape and advances toward the other end of the line
to be measured.
3. When the head tapeman has gone nearly a full tape length, the rear tapeman calls
“tape” to stop the head tapeman. The rear tapeman then holds the 30-m (or 100 ft)
mark at the starting point and aligns the other end of the tape held by the head

11
 tapeman on the range pole set behind the end point or on any of the intermediate
points earlier established along the line.
4. With the 30-m mark at the starting point, and the head tapeman aligned, the rear
tapeman calls “all right”. The head tapeman then pulls the tape taut and sticks a
chaining pin in the ground to mark the 0-m end of the tape. If the measurement is
done on pavement, a chalk or marking crayon is used to mark the end of the tape.
5. The rear tapeman picks up his chaining pin and the head tapeman pulls the tape
forward and the process is repeated for the next full tape length.
6. When the end of the line is almost reached and the last full tape length has been
measured, the remaining partial length is then measured. The rear tapeman holds the
tape until he has a full meter (or foot) mark at his chaining pin while the head tapeman
pulls the tape taut and takes note of the fractional measurement read from the tape
end.
7. After the measurement of the whole line is completed, a second measurement should
be made along the opposite direction. The mean of the two measurements is taken as
the most probable value of the length of the line.
8. Tabulate observed and computed values accordingly. Refer to the accompanying
sample format for the tabulation of data.

C. DATA TABULATION:

RELATIVE
TRIAL LINE LENGTH DIFFERENCE MEAN
PRECISION

1 AB

2 BA

D. COMPUTATION
A) The mean length of the measured line is determined by adding the two
measurements and dividing the sum by two.
B) The discrepancy for the measurement is the difference between the first
measurement and the second measurement.
c) The relative precision of the measurement is determined by dividing the
discrepancy by the mean length, where the numerator is reduced to unity or 1.
Relative precision is expressed in fractional form and the denominator is rounded to
the nearest hundredth.

12
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

13
DATA TABULATION:

RELATIVE
TRIAL LINE LENGTH DIFFERENCE MEAN
PRECISION

1 AB

2 BA

COMPUTATIONS: (add sheet if needed)

14
15
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

SUMMER ACTIVITY
CODE SCORE CODE SCORE EQUIVALENT
GRADE
FP01 LR01

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

16
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
17
 La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Stor Inc.
UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 03

TITLE: DETERMINING AREA OF A RECTILINEAR FIELD BY TAPE

OBJECTIVE:
a) To learn how to measure horizontal angles with tape.
b) To determine the area of a rectilinear field with tape.
A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES
1. Steel tape
2. Chaining pins
3. Range poles
4. Hubs or Pegs

B. PROCEDURE
1. Establish the corners of the assigned field and also establish within the field a
centrally-located point.
2. Subdivide the field into a convenient series of connected triangles. Use pegs, hubs, or
pins to mark the vertices of each triangle. Call these points A, B, C and etc.
3. From the centrally-located point, measure distances to each point defining the corners
or vertices each triangle. Call these distances �1 , �2 , and etc.
4. Using the chord method of measuring angles by tape, determine all the angles about
the central point, i.e �1 , �2 , and etc.
5. Refer to the accompanying sample tabulation for the recording of observed field data.

18
C. DATA TABULATION:

INCLUDED CHORD LENGTH OF COMPUTED ADJUSTED

CORR
ANGLE DISTANCE SIDE ANGLE ANGLE

�1

�2

�3

�4

�5

SIDES
TRIANGLE INCLUDED ANGLE AREA
1ST
2
ND

ABF

BCF

CDF

DEF

AEF

19
D. COMPUTATION
A. Determining values of Included Angles.
With the use of a tape the chord method of measuring angles may be applied to
determine the value of an angle. The following formula is used:

Where:

Ө = angle whose value is

desired.
d = measured chord distance
L = any convenient length of

B. Determining Area of Each Triangle.

In each triangle, since the length of two sides and the included angle can be
determined, the area of the triangle may be calculated by the following formula:

1
�= � � ��� � Where:
2
A = area of the triangle
a,b = the two measured sides of the triangle
(or �1 , �2 , etc)
C = included angle (or �1 , �2 , etc)

C. Calculating the Total Area

The total area of the field is the sum of the calculated areas of the series of
connected triangles into which the field is subdivided, or

�� = �1 + �2 + �3 + �4 + �5 Where:
�� = total area of the field and �1 , �2 , and
etc. are areas of individual triangles.

20
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

21
DATA TABULATION:

INCLUDED CHORD LENGTH OF COMPUTED ADJUSTED

CORR
ANGLE DISTANCE SIDE ANGLE ANGLE

�1

�2

�3

�4

�5

SIDES
TRIANGLE INCLUDED ANGLE AREA
1ST 2ND

ABF

BCF

CDF

DEF

AEF

SKETCH:

22
COMPUTATIONS: (add sheet if needed)

23
24
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1 ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

25
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Stor Inc.
26
 https://media.cheggcdn.com/study/b31/b3132b1a-5e63-45ee-8964-bf8e77aa90e0/image
UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 04

TITLE: DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the elevation of points by differential leveling.

A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1. Dumpy or Wye Level
2. Leveling Rod
3. Hubs or Pegs
4. Range Poles
5. Hammer or Mallet
6. Chalk

B. PROCEDURE
1. Designate the initial or reference point of the level route as BM-1 and the final or terminal
point as BM-2.
2. Set up and Level the instrument at a convenient location along the general designated
route between the two points.
3. Take and record a backsight on BM-1.
4. Direct the rodman to move forward along the level route and establish TP-1.
5. Take and record a foresight in TP-1.
6. Transfer and set up the level at another suitable location beyond TP-1 and take and record
a backsight on TP-1.
7. Direct the rodman to move a convenient distance ahead of the instrument and establish
TP-2.
27
 8. Take and record a foresight on TP-2.
9. Repeat the procedure until a foresight is finally taken on BM-2.
10. Refer to the accompanying sample tabulation for the recording of observed field data.

C. DATA TABULATION:

STA BS HI FS ELEVATION REMARKS

D. COMPUTATION
1. Computing Height of Instrument and Elevation.
In differential leveling, the following two equations are repeatedly used:

a) HI = ELEV + BS
b) ELEV = HI – FS

Where:
HI = height of instrument above a reference datum
BS = backsight reading on the rod (or plus sights)
FS = foresight reading on the rod (or minus sights)
ELEV = elevation above a reference datum of a point sighted

2. Arithmetic Check
To check the accuracy of the arithmetical computations, add all backsights as well as all the
foresights. The difference between these two sums must be equal to the difference in
elevation between the initial and final points of the level line.

28
29
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

30
DATA TABULATION:

STA BS HI FS ELEVATION REMARKS

SKETCH:

COMPUTATIONS: (add sheet if needed)

31
32
33
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

34
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Store Inc.

35
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 05

TITLE: TWO-PEG TEST

OBJECTIVE:
a.) To determine if the line of sight of the telescope of an instrument is parallel to the axis
of the bubble tube.
b). To learn how to adjust the line of sight.

A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1. Dumpy Level or Engineer’s Transit
2. Pegs
3. Range Poles

B. PROCEDURE
1. Testing the Line of Sight.
a) By pacing establish two points on the ground about 60 to 90 m apart. Call these
points A and B.
b) Set up and level the instrument close to A such that the eyepiece is 30 cm or less in
front of the rod held on A.
c) Take a rod reading on A by sighting through the objective end of the telescope.
Record this reading as a. since only a small portion of the rod is visible it will be
convenient to set a pencil point on the rod at the center of the small field of view
and to read directly form the rod the sighted graduation.
d) Move the rod to B, then turn the telescope toward B and take a rod reading on it
with the instrument still set up near A. record this reading as b.
e) Transfer, set up and level the instrument near B such that the eyepiece is again
about 30 cm or less in front of the rod held on the peg at B.
f) Take a rod reading on B by sighting through the objective end of the telescope.
Record this reading as c.

36
 g) Move the rod back to A and take a rod reading on it with the instrument still set up
near B. Record this as d.
2. Adjusting the Line of Sight.
a) If the instrument is in proper adjustment, the difference in readings c and d will
equal the difference between a and b, otherwise it is out of adjustment.
b) For an instrument which is out of adjustment, the true difference in elevation is
computed and the cross-hair ring is moved vertically up or down to give a reading
on the distant rod (d’) equal to the reading on the near point (c) plus the true
difference in elevation (TDE) of the points.
c) The cross-hair ring is brought to the calculated reading (d’) by loosening the upper
capstan screw and tightening the lower capstan screw, or vice versa.

Where:
a = rod reading on A with instrument set up near A
b = rod reading on B with instrument set up near A
c = rod reading on B with instrument set up near B
d = rod reading on A with instrument set up near B

C. DATA TABULATION:

ROD READING INSTRUMENT SET UP NEAR A INSTRUMENT SET UP NEAR B

ON POINT A

ON POINT B

37
D. COMPUTATION
1. The computed difference in elevation for the two set ups are

DEa = a – b and DEb = d – c

2. If DEa is not equal to DEb, the instrument has to be adjusted and the true difference in
elevation (TDE) needs to be determined. The TDE is the mean of the difference in elevation
at the two set ups, or
TDE = (DEa + DEb )/2 = ((a-b)+(d-c))/2

3. With the instrument still set up near B, the correct rod reading at A (or d’) is computed as
follows
d’ = c + TDE

4. The error in the line of sight is determined from the difference in value between d and d’ or
e = d – d’
If d is greater than d’, the line of sight is inclined upward and if d is less than d’, it is
inclined downward.

38
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

39
DATA TABULATION:

ROD READING INSTRUMENT SET UP NEAR A INSTRUMENT SET UP NEAR B

ON POINT A

ON POINT B

SKETCH:

40
COMPUTATIONS: (add sheet if needed)

41
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
SUMMER
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

42
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Stor Inc.

43
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 06

TITLE: OPEN COMPASS TRAVERSE

OBJECTIVE:
a) To determine the magnetic bearings of each line of an open compass traverse.
b) To learn how to adjust an open compass traverse.

A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1. Surveyor's or Brunton Pocket Compass

2. Steel Tape
3. Range Poles
4. Pegs or Chaining Pins

B. PROCEDURE
1. Establish at least six distant stations for an open traverse. Call these stations A, B, C,
and so forth.
2. Set up and level the compass at A and release the needle of the compass so that it will
swing freely on its pivot.
3. Sight B and read the compass box for the direction pointed by the north end of the
needle. Record this as the forward bearing of line AB.
4. Transfer the compass to B and sight on A. Read the compass box and record this as
the back bearing of line AB.
5. Turn towards the direction of C, then read and record the forward bearing of line BC.
6. Transfer to C and sight on B. Read and record the back bearing on line BC, then sight
on D and also read and record the forward bearing of line CD.

44
 7. Proceed to the next station and repeat the same process until the last traverse station
is occupied and a back bearing is taken on the last line of the traverse.
8. With a steel tape, measure the length of each line in the traverse twice and record the
mean as the actual length of the line.
9. Tabulate observed and adjusted values accordingly. Refer to the accompanying
sample format for the tabulation of field data.

C. DATA TABULATION:

OBSERVED BEARINGS ADJUSTED BEARINGS

LINE LENGTH
FORWARD BACK FORWARD BACK

AB

BC

CD

DE

EF

D. COMPUTATION
1. A traverse line is free from local attraction if the bearings read at its two ed are
exactly opposite in direction. The traverse angles are computed from observed
bearings and starting from the unaffected line.
2. If two or more traverse lines appear to be free from local attraction, one of these lines
is arbitrarily chosen as the best line. If none of the lines is free from local attraction,
the line with the least discrepancy between the forward and back bearings is chosen
and its forward bearing is assumed to be correct.
3. Th angle between the observed forward and back bearing at any station can be
determined correctly since the angle is independent of local attraction.
4. Correct bearing of successive lines are then computed easily by preparing a careful
sketch of the known data observed from each station. There are no formulas to
memorize since once he sketch is made, the required calculations are obvious.

45
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
SUMMER
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

46
DATA TABULATION:

OBSERVED BEARINGS ADJUSTED BEARINGS

LINE LENGTH
FORWARD BACK FORWARD BACK

AB

BC

CD

DE

EF

SKETCH:

Computations: (add sheet if needed)

47
48
49
50
51
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

52
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Stor Inc.
http://www.geocities.ws/karimari_2000/higher/FW01.pdf -image source

53
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 07

TITLE: CLOSED COMPASS TRAVERSE

OBJECTIVE:
a) To determine the magnetic bearings of each line of a closed compass traverse.
B) To learn how to adjust a closed compass traverse.

A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1. Surveyor's or Brunton Pocket Compass

2. Steel Tape
3. Range Poles
4. Pegs or Chaining Pins

B. PROCEDURE
1. Establish at least five traverse stations at designated points on the field assigned to be
surveyed. Call these stations (or corners) A, B, C, and so forth.
2. Set and level the compass at A and release the needle of the compass so that it will
swing freely on its pivot.
3. Sight the compass on the last traverse station and read the magnetic bearing. Record
this as the back bearing of the last line in the traverse.
4. Sight B and read the compass box. Record this as the forward bearing of line AB.

54
5. Transfer the compass to B. Sight on A and read the compass box and record this as the
back bearing of line AB.
6. Turn towards the direction of C, then read and record the forward bearing of line BC.
7. Transfer to C and sight on B. Read and record the back bearing of line BC, then sight on
D and also read and record the forward bearing of line CD.
8. Proceed to the next station and repeat the above procedure of determining back and
forward bearings for each line. Continue until the last traverse station is occupied and the
forward bearing of the last line has been read and accordingly recorded.
9. With a steel tape, measure the length of each line in the traverse twice and record the
mean as the actual length of the line.
10. Tabulate observed and adjusted values accordingly. Refer to the accompanying
sample format for the tabulation of field data.

55
C. DATA TABULATION:

OBSERVED BEARINGS COMPUTED ADJUSTED

LINE LENGTH STA
FORWARD BACK INT. ANGLE INT. ANGLE

AB A

BC B

CD C

DE D

EA E

D. COMPUTATION
1. The interior angle at each station of the traverse can be computed easily from the
observed forward and back bearings taken from the station regardless of whether or
not the needle is affected locally. A carefully prepared sketch is important since from
it the required calculations will be obvious.
2. The angular error of closure is determined by subtracting the sum of the computed
interior angles of the traverse from (n-2) x 180 deg, where n is the number of sides in
the traverse. Note that the computed value may be a positive or negative quantity,
and the resulting sign should be considered in all succeeding computations.
3. The correction for each computed interior angles is determined by dividing the
angular error of closure by the number of traverse stations. This computed value is
then added algebraically to each computed interior angle to determine the
corresponding adjusted interior angle.
4. Go over the observed bearings and determine which line in the traverse is free from
local attractions or which could be arbitrarily chosen as the best line. The adjustment
of traverse lines affected by local attraction is then made by starting from the
unaffected or best line.
5. The forward and back bearings of all other lines in the traverse affected by local
attraction can then be easily computed and adjusted by again drawing a sketch thus
making all calculations obvious.
6. Finally, tabulate the adjusted bearings of the traverse. Refer to the accompanying
sample format shown below.

56
 ADJUSTED BEARINGS
LINE LENGTH
FORWARD BACK

AB

BC

CD

DE

EA

57
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

58
DATA TABULATION:

OBSERVED BEARINGS COMPUTED ADJUSTED

LINE LENGTH STA
FORWARD BACK INT. ANGLE INT. ANGLE

AB A

BC B

CD C

DE D

EA E

ADJUSTED BEARINGS
LINE LENGTH
FORWARD BACK

AB

BC

CD

DE

EA

SKETCH:

59
Computations: (add sheet if needed)

60
61
62
63
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

64
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Stor Inc.
http://www.geocities.ws/karimari_2000/higher/FW01.pdf -image source
65
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 08

TITLE: CLOSING THE HORIZON

OBJECTIVE:

To learn how to measure horizontal angles with a theodolite or an engineer's transit.

A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1. Repeating Theodolite or Engineer's transit

2. Range Poles
3. Pegs or Chaining Pins

B. PROCEDURE
1. Set up and level the theodolite (or transit) at a convenient point and call this point 0.
2. Using pegs or chaining pins, establish points A, B, C, and D around the vicinity of the
instrument. Each point should be about 50 meters away from the instrument and a range
pole held or set up behind each. Refer to the accompanying sample sketch.
3. In measuring the first angle AOB (or θ1), release the upper and lower clamps and adjust
the horizontal scales by turning the instrument on its spindle until the horizontal circle
reading ad index mark is near zero.
4. Tighten the clamps and turn the upper motion tangent screw until the index reading s
exactly zero. Release the lower motion and sight the telescope approximately to point A
(telescope in direct position) by first sighting over the top of the telescope to get near the
point and then sight directly through the telescope.
5. Tighten the lower clamp screw and set the line of sight precisely on point A using the
lower tangent screw. Point A should appear at the intersection of the horizontal and
vertical cross hairs. At this stage the optical line of sight in on line between 0 and A and

66
 the theodolite's reading microscope (or transit vernier) is set to zero on the horizontal
scale.
6. Loosen the upper clamp and turn the telescope toward B, then clamp the upper
motion and turn the upper tangent screw until the line of sight is directed exactly on point
B.
7. View the reading microscope of the theodolite (or vernier A of the transit) and read the
horizontal angle to determine the value of angle AOB, and record this as its measured
value.
8. To measure the other three angles (BOC, COD, and DOA), repeat the same steps
performed in measuring the first angel AOB.
9. Tabulate observed values accordingly. Refer to the accompanying sample format for
the tabulation of field data.

C. DATA TABULATION:

OBSERVED ADJUSTED
ANGLE CORRECTION
VALUE VALUE

AOB

BOC

COD

DOA

Sums

D. COMPUTATION
1. The sum of the observed horizontal angles about point 0 is equal to the sum of angles
AOB, BOC, COD, and DOA
SUM = θ1 + θ2 + θ3 + θ4
2. The horizon closure or error in the observation is equal to 360 degrees minus the sum
detemined in C(1) or
E = 360 ֯- SUM
The horizon closure may be a positive or negative value depending on the value of
SUM.
3. To determine the adjusted value of each angle observed, a correction is applied. The
correction is determined by dividing the horizon closure by n, the total number of
angles observed, and it may also be a positive or negative value.

67
4. The correction is added algebraically to the observed value to determine the adjusted
value of the observed angle.
5. The sum of the adjusted angles should then equal to 360 degrees.

68
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

69
DATA TABULATION:
OBSERVED ADJUSTED
ANGLE CORRECTION
VALUE VALUE

AOB

BOC

COD

DOA

Sums

SKETCH:

Computations: (add sheet if needed)

70
71
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

SUMMER ACTIVITY
CODE SCORE CODE SCORE EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

72
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Stor Inc.
http://www.geocities.ws/karimari_2000/higher/FW01.pdf -image source

73
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 09

TITLE: INTERIOR ANGLE TRAVERSE

OBJECTIVE:
To run a closed traverse by measuring interior angles.

A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1. Theodolite or Engineer's transit

2. Steel Tape
3. Range Poles
4. Pegs or Chaining Pins
5. Plumb bobs

B. PROCEDURE
1. Establish the corners of the assigned traverse (with 5 or 6 corners). call these corners A,
B, C, and etc; and use pegs or hubs to mark each. Also, set range poles close to these
corners to serve as guides or markers during sighting. Refer to the accompanying sketch of
a sample closed traverse with 5 corners.
2. Set up and level the instrument over the first corner (A), and determine the bearing or
azimuth of course AB or θab (The direction of this course is determined in order that the
traverse can be correctly oriented for plotting later).
3. Measure clockwise the interior angle at A in two repetitions, the first with telescope in
direct position and the second with telescope in reversed position. Record both readings
accordingly, then, determine the mean and record this as θa.

74
 4. Measure with a steel tape the distance from the occupied traverse corner to the next
corner sighted. Perform a second measurement back and record both measurements.
Determine the mean and record this as the actual length of the line (shown as d1, d2, etc.).
5. Transfer the instrument ti the next corner and repeat the same process of determining
the interior angle and measuring related distances. Do this until all corners have been
occupied.
6. Tabulate observed and computed values accordingly. Refer ti the accompanying
sample format for the tabulation of field data.
C. DATA TABULATION:

MEA OBSERVED INTERIOR ANGLE

STA STA ADJUSTED
DIST N CORR
OCC OBS DIRECT REVERSED MEAN INT ANGLE
DIST

E
A
B

A
B
C

B
C
D

C
D
E

D
E
A

75
D.COMPUTATION
1. The mean interior angles of the traverse are added and their sum is subtracted from
(n-2) x 180 degrees, where n is the number o sides (or corners) of the traverse. The
difference, which may be a positive or negative value, is the total angular error of
closure.
2. To determine the correction to be applied to each interior angle, divide the closure by
the number of interior angles.
3. The adjusted interior angles are determined by adding algebraically the computed
correction to each mean interior angle. The sum of the adjusted interior angles should
then equal to (n-2) x 180 deg. In this adjustment, it is assumed that the angular error
is o the same amount at each station.

76
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

77
DATA TABULATION:
MEA OBSERVED INTERIOR ANGLE
STA STA ADJUSTED
DIST N CORR
OCC OBS DIRECT REVERSED MEAN INT ANGLE
DIST

E
A
B

A
B
C

B
C
D

C
D
E

D
E
A

SKETCH:

78
Computations: (add sheet if needed)

79
80
81
82
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

83
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Stor Inc.
http://www.geocities.ws/karimari_2000/higher/FW01.pdf -image source
84
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LAB EXERCISE NO: 10

TITLE: AREA OF A TRACT OF LAND BY DMD/DPD METHOD

OBJECTIVE:
A. To adjust the latitudes and departures of a closed traverse by the compass rule and
determine the area by the double meridian distance method.
B. To check the correctness of the area computation by the double parallel distance
method.

A. INSTRUMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1. Electronic calculator
2. Drawing instruments
3. Graphing or tracing paper

B. PROCEDURE
1. This problem is an indoor lab exercise and the required traverse data are given for the
students to work on. There is no need to go to the field to observe and record traverse
data since this is an exercise designed to develop within the student dexterity and
familiarity in traverse computations. The lab instructor has the option to use the prepared
data, revise it, or give a new set of data.
2. For the closed traverse data tabulated below, determine the following:
a) Latitude and departure of each course.
b) Adjusted latitudes and departures of each course (applying the compass rule).
c) Area of the tract of land defined by the traverse (employing double meridian
distances).
85
 d) Area of the same tract (employing double parallel distances).
e) Linear error of closure and bearing of the side of error.
f) Relative error of closure.

LINE LENGTH AZIM FR SOUTH

AB 639.35m 170֯30'

BC 507.30 123֯ 05'

CD 678.70 56֯ 13'

DE 570.55 357֯ 58'

EA 1082.75 270֯ 29'

3. Tabulate given and computed value accordingly. Refer to the accompanying sample
format for the tabulation of data.
C. DATA TABULATION:

LENGTH AZIMUTH CALCULATED LATITUDE DEPARTURE

LINE
(m) FR SOUTH BEARING +N -S +E -W

AB

BC

CD

DE

EA

ADJ. LATITUDE ADJ. DEPARTURE DOUBLE DOUBLE

LINE CORR DMD DPD
+N -S +E -W AREA AREA

AB

BC

CD

DE

EA

Sums

86
D. COMPUTATION
1. Calculations required to determine the baring of each line from the given azimuth will
be obvious if a carefully prepared sketch of the given traverse is made.
2. The magnitude of the latitude of a line is the product of the length of the line by the
cosine of its bearing angle. It is a positive value if the line bears towards the north and
negative if towards the south.
3. The magnitude of the departure of a line is the product of the length of the line by the
sine of its bearing angle. It is a positive value if the line bears towards the east and
negative if towards the west.
4. The total correction or error of closure in latitude (CL) is the algebraic sum of all north
and south latitudes. Similarly, the total correction or error of closure in departure (CD)
is the algebraic sum of all east and west departures.
5. The latitudes and departures are adjusted as follows:
a) the correction to be applied to the latitude of any line is to the total correction in
latitude as the length of the line is to the length of the traverse or
Cl = (d/D) CL where: cl = correction to be applied to the latitude of any
line
cL = total correction in latitude
d = length of the line
D = total length of the traverse
b) If the sum of the north latitudes exceeds the sum of the south latitudes, a
computed correction for a line is subtracted from the corresponding latitude if
the line bears north and added if it bears south. Similarly, if the sum o south
latitudes exceeds the sum of north latitudes, a computed correction for a line is
added to the corresponding latitude if the line bears north and subtracted if it
bears south.
c) The correction to be applied to the departure of any line is to the total correction
in departure as the length of the line is to the length of the traverse or
Cd = (d/D) CD where : cd = correction to be applied to the departure of any
line
CD = total correction in departure
D & d = same quantities as given above
d) If the sum of the east departures exceeds the sum of the west departures, a
computed correction for the line is subtracted from the corresponding departure
if the line bears east and added if it bears west. Similarly, if the sum of the west
departures exceeds the sum of east departures, a computed correction for a line
is added to the corresponding departure if the line bears east and subtracted if it
bears west.
87
6. The following are the rules in computing double meridian distances (DMD).
a) The DMD of the first line is equal to the departure of the line.
b) The DMD of any other line is equal to the DMD of the preceding line, plus the
departure of the preceding line, plus the departure of the line itself.
c) The DMD of the last line is numerically equal to the departure of the line but with
opposite sign. This rule is used only as a check.

7. The following are the rules in computing double parallel distances (DPD's).
a) The DPD of the first line is equal to the latitude of the line.
b) The DPD of any other line is equal to the DPD of the preceding line, plus the
latitude of the preceding line,plus the latitude of the line itself.
c) The DPD of the last line is numerically equal to the latitude of the lie but with
opposite sign. This rule is used only as a check.
8. Double areas are determined by multiplying the DMD of the line by the adjusted
latitude of the line. Double areas may ether be positive and negative values. Similarly,
double areas are also determined by multiplying the DPD of the line by the adjusted
departure of the line.
9. The total area of the traverse is determined by dividing the algebraic sum of the
double areas by two. The sign of the computed area is not significant. It may be a
positive or negative value. If the sign is negative, it is disregarded.
10. The linear error of closure is determined by computing the hypothenuse of the right
angle triangle whose sides are the error of closure in latitude (CL) and the error of
closure in departure (CD) or

LEC = (�� )2 + (�� )2

And similarly, the bearing of the side of error is computed by the following formula

Tan θ = ( − �� )/( − �� )

For both equations, CD and CL are the same values determined in C(4).
11. The relative error of closure is determined by dividing the linear error of closure (LEC)
by the sum of the individual lengths of the different lines of traverse or its perimeter.
Express the numerator as one or unity and round off the resulting value in the
denominator to the nearest hundred.

88
 UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL – RECOLETOS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:

PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
CODE SCORE CODE SCORE
EQUIVALENT
SUMMER GRADE
FP01 LR01

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

Objective:

Members of the survey party:

Members Duties

89
DATA TABULATION:

LENGTH AZIMUTH CALCULATED LATITUDE DEPARTURE

LINE
(m) FR SOUTH BEARING +N -S +E -W

AB

BC

CD

DE

EA

ADJ. LATITUDE ADJ. DEPARTURE DOUBLE DOUBLE

LINE CORR DMD DPD
AREA AREA
+N -S +E -W

AB

BC

CD

DE

EA

Sums

SKETCH:

90
Computations: (add sheet if needed)

91
92
93
94
 CSURV123P NAME: DATE DATE SUBMITTED:
PERFORMED:
SECTION:

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. GROUP NO. Weather: Temperature:

A.Y. TITLE:
________
INSTRUCTOR
1ST

2ND FIELD PERFOMANCE GRADE FIELD REPORT GRADE LABORATORY

ACTIVITY
SUMMER CODE SCORE CODE SCORE EQUIVALENT
FP01 LR01 GRADE

FP02 LR02

FP03 LR03

FP04 LR04

GRADE GRADE

SKETCH:

95
SOURCES OF ERRORS/DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED:

REMARKS / CONCLUSION:

RERENCES:
La Putt, J.P. Surveying Lab Manual, National Book Stor Inc.
http://www.geocities.ws/karimari_2000/higher/FW01.pdf -image source

96