nmNAME: JOAMY MARK ABELLA SECTION: BSABE-2A

SUBJECT: ENSC_234-SURVEYING DATE: JUNE 22,2023

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 1

A. INSTRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES:

1. Steel Tape, and

2. Marker or pen

B. PROCEDURE:

1. Determining Pace Factor.

 Select a straight and level course and on both ends establish markers at 27.28

meters apart. Designate these end points as A and B.

 Walk over the course at a natural pace or go it starting with either heel or toe

over point A and count the number of paces to reach point B.

 For succeeding trials, walk from B to A, then A to B, until 10 trials are

completed, and the number of paces recorded accordingly.

 Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of observed field

date.

TRIAL LINE TAPED NUMBER OF MEAN NO. PACE

(A-B) DISTANCE (m) PACES OF PACES FACTOR
(m/pace)
1 AB 42.4
2 BA 39.9
3 AB 42.25
4 BA 42.3
27.28 41.3 0.66 m/pace
5 AB 40.4
6 BA 39.6
7 AB 39.5
8 BA 41.6
9 AB 41.9
10 BA 43
 2. Measuring Distance by Pacing.

 Define or establish the end points of another level course. whose length is to

be determined by pacing. Designate these end points as C and D.

 For a single trial, walk over the course from C to D at a natural pace and

record the number of paces.

 Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of observed field

data.

LINE NUMBER PACED TAPED RELATIVE

TRIAL (C-D) OF PACES MEAN DISTANC DISTANCE PRECISION
E (m) (m)
1 CD 22.3 22.3 14.6522 m 15 m 1m/43.10m

C. COMPUTATIONS:

1. Computing Pace Factor (PF)

 Get the sum of the number of paces for the 10 trials perform on course AB then

compute the mean number of paces.

NUMBER OF PACES
42.4
39.9
42.25
42.3
40.4
39.6
39.5
41.6
41.9
43
TOTAL: 413÷10
= 41.3 (mean no. of paces)
  Divide the known or taped length of course AB by the mean number of paces for

AB to determine the pace factor.

27.28 = 0.66 m/pace

41.3

2. Computing Paced Distance (PD)

 Get the number of paces for the single trial performed on course CD.

 Multiply the mean number of paces for CD by the pace factor to obtain the paced

distance.

Refer to this table:

LINE NUMBER PACED TAPED RELATIVE

TRIAL (C-D) OF PACES MEAN DISTANC DISTANCE PRECISION
E (m) (m)
1 CD 22.3 22.3 14.6522 m 15 m 1m/43.10m

(Mean number of paces) x (pace factor) = Paced distance

(22.2 pace) x (0.66 m/pace) = 14.652 m

3. Computing Relative Precision (RP)

 Determine the difference between the taped distance of CD and the paced distance

of CD.

(Taped distance) – (Paced distance) = Difference

(15m) – (14.652m) = 0.348m

 Divide the difference by the taped distance of CD and the relative precision.

reduce the numerator to unity to determine the relative precision.

Difference = Relative precision

Taped distance

0.348m = 29m ; Reduce the (1250m) ÷ (29m) =; Therefore,

15m 1250m 1m
numerator to 43.10m the RP is =43.10m
unity equal to
 In general, it can be said that every 43.10 meters there is a 1-meter
error or mistake.

D. REMARKS, HINTS, & PRECAUTIONS:

 The ends of the assigned courses should be marked with markers or pens.

 Range Poles are set or held behind the end points to serve as guides or markers

during actual pacing.

 A steel tape should be used in laying out or in measuring the actual lengths of

courses assigned for pacing.

 When, taping, two measurements should be made for any line and the mean

recorded as its actual length.

 The length of a single step is termed a pace. It may be measured from heel to heel

or from toe to toe. Also, each two paces or a double step is called a stride.

 Pacing consists of counting the number of steps in a required distance and is best

done by walking with natural steps.

 Pacing is used only when approximate results are satisfactory such as for

estimating distances used for sketching and in reconnaissance surveys. Pacing is

also used as a means of checking distances measured by more accurate methods.

 To keep one on the line while pacing, it is a good practice to fix one's eyes on a

distant object on the range behind the pole at the farther end of the line being

paced.

 A partial pace at the end of the line should be figured out to the nearest one-fourth

pace."

 The accepted precision for measuring distance by pacing usually varies from

1/200 to 1/500.

 Reject measurements that vary from the mean by more than three percent.
 If the computed relative precision of the set of measurements is greater than one

part in two hundred, the measurements should be repeated.