2

LV
hf = f
do 2 g
 Where: do is the diameter of pipe = 4R, R is the
hydraulic radius of the channel cross-section

 Since S=hf/L, implying that f=8gRS/V2, which is

applied to uniform and nearly uniform flows in
open channels
 Manning’s equation (1889) (Irish Engineer)
 The formula is widely used today (because of its
simplicity and therefore straight forward
application, compares well within the normal
limits of accuracy of discharge measurement) and
is also applicable to pipes
2 1
1
 SI units (Metric): Q = AR 3 S 2
n
 Where: n is dimensionless