 Since R = A / P, the hydraulic radius will be a

maximum when the wetted perimeter is

minimum for a given area
 It follows that for the most efficient section, the
wetted perimeter should be a minimum
 The most efficient section can be the most
economical section
 Cost = f (quantity of excavation)
 Quantity of excavation = f (area)
 Min(cost) = min(excavation for a given discharge)
 From the Manning’s formula:
2 1
A 3 2 A
Q = AV = R S ; R =
n P
2 1
A A3
Q =   S2
n  P
5 1 1
1
A3 S2 1 A5  3

Q = = S2
2 n  P 2 
nP3