قواعد كامل انجليزي ثالث ثانوي 2023 - 230728 - 044820

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
English
pp
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻒ ﺍﻟـﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧـﻭﻱ‬
_______: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ‬ ________ : ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
t T.me/Doctor_future1
t T.me/kabooltep
t T.me/kiffahtep
t T.me/smartpeople11
t T.me/mktbah2
t T.me/Third_secondary17
‫اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﺴﻨﻲ‬/‫د‬
‫صفحة ‪1‬‬ ‫[اكتب نصاً]‬
ٞٛٔ‫ف حٌؼخٌغ حٌؼخ‬ٌٜ‫ش رخ‬ٛ‫حػي حٌوخ‬ٛ‫غ حٌم‬١ٟ‫ح‬ٌّٛ ٚ‫ٍِو‬
Parts of speech ‫أجضاء انكالو‬

 The noun : ( N ) ‫ االسم‬is the name of a person ‫شخص‬, place ‫مكان‬, thing ‫شيء‬, or idea ‫فكرة‬
People farmer, mechanic, father, Professor Haskins, editors, Ahmed
Places ocean, Canada, porch, Spain, classroom
Things scissors, giraffe, pen, smiles, tugboat, skateboard, drill
Ideas love, inspiration, courage, anxiety, eagerness, happiness
The function ‫ اػَحد‬of nouns, it may come as a subject ً‫فخػ‬, object ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ِفؼ‬or complement ‫ِىٍّش‬
c
Example Alia ( subject ) teaches mathb ( object ) , he is math teacher ( complement ).
a- b-c are nouns.
Noun may preceded by ‫ٔزك رـ‬٠

- the , a , an , some , any , a few , a few of , a little , a little of , much , many , several , a
lot of : the car - a book – an egg - many students ……
- possessive adjectives ‫ش‬١‫فخص حٌٍّى‬ٛ : my – her – his – our – your –its – their .my car.
- Adjective ‫فخص‬ٛ : tall , short ……… clever boy – red chair – short hair
- Numbers ‫ أػيحى‬: one – thirty -…… two houses.
- Demonstrative pronouns ‫ أّٓخء حإلٗخٍس‬: this – these – that – those . this school
- Prepositions َ‫ف حٌـ‬َٚ‫ ك‬: in, of, out, in , on , next…….. near the bank.
- Ordinal numbers ‫ش‬١‫ز‬١‫ حألػيحى حٌظَط‬: first , second …. Tenth …… the third grade.
- Example ‫ِؼخي‬: this handsome tall boy. ( N )
 pronouns: ( pro ( ‫ ضمير‬is a word used ‫ تستخدم‬instead of one or more nouns.

‫انضًبئش‬Pronouns
Possessive
Possessive Reflexive
Subject Object Adjective
Pronoun Pronoun
‫ش‬١‫فخص حٌٍّى‬ٛ
I Me My Mine Myself
Yourself
You You Your Yours
Yourselves
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
She Her Her Hers Herself
He Him His His Himself
They Them Their Theirs Themselves
It It Its Its Itself
 Verb: ( V ) ‫ انفؼم‬is the word that used to show action ‫كهًخ تٕضح انفؼم أٔ انحذث‬.
read – write – work – love – go – study – come –cook ………..
- Sometimes the verb may come after to ‫ حٌفؼً رؼي‬ٟ‫ؤط‬٠ example I had to cook . (V)
- I used to fish ( V ) ‫طخى‬ٛ‫ ح‬two fish ( N ) ٓ١‫ ّٓىظ‬every day.
3 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

 Adjective (adj ) ‫ انظفخ‬is a word used to describe person or things ‫كهًخ تستخذو نٕطف‬
‫األشخبص ٔ األشٍبء‬
He is well.
The clever girl is in the class.
The cheetah is the fastest animal.
It may come ٟ‫ طؤط‬in a sentence ‫ حٌـٍّش‬ٟ‫ ف‬as a complement ً‫ وّىٍّش رؼي حٌفؼ‬after a verb to be or
before nouns ‫ لزً حألّٓخء‬ٚ‫ أ‬.
 Adverb : ( adv ) ‫ انظشف‬is a word that used to describe the verb ٍ‫تظف كٍفٍخ ٔ صي‬
‫حذٔث انفؼم‬
 Such as ‫ ِؼخي‬always – since – now -……( tense key words ).
 slowly , clearly , ‫ رـ‬ٟٙ‫ وٍّش طٕظ‬ٞ‫ ( أ‬- ly )
I write slowly
He is driving fast.
My father always goes to his work on foot.
He reads well.
 Preposition : ( pre ) ‫حشٔف انجش‬
( on – in – from – of – to – about – at – between – among – down – for –up – back - …….)
I am from Yemen.
 Conjunction : ( con ) ‫أدٔاد انشثظ‬
( and – or – so – because – if – as a result – that for – however – although ……)
He doesn't go to school because he is sick.
 Interjection : ( inter) ‫انتؼجت‬

Wow! Oh no! Of course! Well! Awful!
Example : Well! I like it .
‫ انًكًهخ‬+ ‫ فؼم‬+ ‫تشكٍت انجًهخ فً انهغخ االَجهٍضٌخ ْٕ فبػم‬

) ‫ انًكًهخ ( اسى – ضًٍش – طفخ – ظشف‬+ ‫ فؼم‬+ ) ‫انفبػم ( اسى أٔ ضًٍش‬
Example
She ( Pro ) is ( V ) beautiful ( adj. )
Ali ( N) walks ( V ) properly ( adv. (
Ahmed ( N ) saw ( V ) the saw ( N )
‫ثؼض انكهًبد نٓب أكثش يٍ استخذاو ٌٔؼتًذ رنك ػهى يٕقؼٓب اإلػشاثً فً انجًهخ يثبل‬
I am well ‫ ثخٍش‬. ( Adj. ) ‫طفخ‬

I can drive well ‫جٍذا‬. (Adv. (‫ظشف‬
Well! I will do it ‫حسُب‬. ( Inter.) ‫تؼجت‬
The well is deep ‫انجئش‬. ( N. (‫اسى‬

Identify the part of speech of the underlined word ‫سؤال ٔصاسي‬
- I milk the cow.

- ( v )
- Ali takes the water to water the tree.
- ( n ) ( v )
- We help everyone need a help .
- ( ) (…… )
- Like my father , l like chocolate .
- ( ) (…… )
- Can you open the door ? lets enjoy the open air .
- ( ) (…… )
- Can I have a can ?
( ) (…… )
Noun ‫انًؼُى‬ Verb ‫انًؼُى‬ Noun ‫انًؼُى‬ verb ‫انًؼُى‬
Drink ‫د‬َِٚ٘ Drink ‫َ٘د‬٠ Milk ‫ذ‬١ٍ‫ك‬ Milk ‫لٍذ‬٠
Walk ٗ١ّ٘‫ط‬ Walk ّٟ٘٠ Work ًّ‫ػ‬ Work ًّ‫ؼ‬٠
Attack َٛ‫٘ـ‬ Attack ُ‫ـ‬ٙ٠ Experience ‫طـَرش‬ Experience ‫ـَد‬٠
Plant ‫ٔزخص‬ Plant ‫ٍِع‬٠ Experiment ‫طـَرش‬ Experiment ‫ـَد‬٠
Process ‫ش‬١ٍّ‫ػ‬ Process ٌ‫ٕف‬٠ Dream ٍُ‫ك‬ Dream ٍُ‫ل‬٠
Water ‫ِخء‬ Water ٟ‫ٔم‬٠ Rain َ‫ِط‬ Rain َ‫طّط‬
Cut ‫ؿَف‬ Cut ‫مطغ‬٠ Answer ‫اؿخرش‬ Answer ‫ذ‬١‫ـ‬٠
Change َ١١‫طغ‬ Change َ١‫غ‬٠ Damage ٍ‫ىِخ‬ Damage َِ‫ي‬٠
Crash َ‫خى‬ٜ‫ط‬ Crash َ‫ي‬ٜ٠ Dissolve ْ‫رخ‬ًٚ Dissolve ‫د‬ٌٚ٠
Rescue ً‫أمخ‬ Rescue ٌ‫ٕم‬٠ Fish ‫ّٓه‬ Fish ‫طخى‬ٜ٠
Book ‫وظخد‬ Book ً‫ٔـ‬٠ Interview ‫ِمخرٍش‬ Interview ً‫مخر‬٠
Freeze ‫ي‬١ّ‫طـ‬ Freeze ‫ظـّي‬٠ Saw ٍ‫ِٕ٘خ‬ Saw ٜ‫ٍأ‬
Stop ‫لف‬ِٛ Stop ‫مف‬٠ Iron ‫حس‬ٛ‫ِى‬ Iron ٞٛ‫ى‬٠
Help ‫ِٔخػيس‬ Help ‫ٔخػي‬٠ Ring ُ‫هخط‬ Ring َْ٠
Ride ‫ٌش‬ٛ‫ؿ‬ Ride ٍٝ‫َوذ ػ‬٠ Dive ٙٛ‫غ‬ Dive ٙٛ‫غ‬٠
Harvest ‫خى‬ٜ‫ك‬ Harvest ‫ي‬ٜ‫ل‬٠ Offer ُ٠‫طمي‬ Offer َ‫مي‬٠
Form ً‫ٗى‬ Form ً‫٘ى‬٠ Plan ‫هطش‬ plan ٢‫وط‬٠
Other words َٜ‫وٍّخص أه‬

Fast ( V ) َٜٛ٠ Fast ( Adj) ‫غ‬٠َٓ Fast ( Adv) ‫رَٔػش‬
Well (N ) َ‫رج‬ Well ( Adj) َ١‫رو‬ Well ( Adv ) ‫يح‬١‫ؿ‬
Open ( V ) ‫فظق‬٠ Open ( Adj) ‫ف‬ٛ‫ِفظ‬
Will (N ) ‫جش – ٍغزش‬١ِ٘ Will ( V ) ‫٘خء‬٠ Will ( m ) ‫ف‬ٛٓ

Description ‫انٕطف‬:
1- Opinion ‫ انشأي‬: lovely , good , beautiful , bad, awful , modern , …….
2- Size ‫ انحجى‬: big , small , short , tall, long ,
3- Age ‫ انؼًش‬: new , old , young
4- Shape ‫ انشكم‬: square , triangle , circle , round , rectangular……
5- Colour ٌٕ‫ انه‬: red , blue , pink , yellow, green ……..
6- Nationalities ‫ انجُسٍخ‬: Yemeni , American , Japanese , German…….
7- Materials ‫ انًٕاد‬: metal , iron , wood , glass, cloth , wool , cotton ,leather ……
-Adjectives position in a sentence ‫ حٌـٍّش‬ٟ‫فخص ف‬ٌٜ‫لغ ح‬ِٛ
- As a complement after verb to be
- He is tall. - The man is Yemeni.
- The car is red. – The window is metal and glass.
- Before nouns ‫ لزً حألّٓخء‬it has a rule ‫خ لخػيس‬ٌٙ ٚ of order ‫ذ‬١‫ طَط‬as they are ordered up :
Start ‫ طزيأ‬with opinion ٞ‫ حٌَأ‬, Sizeُ‫ حٌلـ‬, Age َّ‫ حٌؼ‬, Shape ً‫ حٌ٘ى‬, Colour ٌٍْٛ‫ ح‬,
Nationalities ‫ش‬١ٕٔ‫ حٌـ‬, Materials ‫حى‬ٌّٛ‫ ح‬. ُ‫ ػ‬the noun ُٓ‫حال‬.
Example : good , new, square, white ,Yemeni , wood chair.
: lovely , big , black eyes.
Comparison ‫ انًقبسَخ‬:
Adjective Comparative form Superlative form Note
Noun ُٓ‫حال‬
‫فش‬ٌٜ‫ح‬ ‫ٗىً حٌّمخٍٔش‬ ً١٠‫ٗىً حٌظف‬
Age Old Older than The oldest
Height Tall Taller than The tallest
-er ‫فش ٌٍّمخٍٔش‬ٌٜ ‫خف‬٠‫ط‬
Length Long Longer than The longest -est ً١٠‫فش ٌٍظف‬ٌٜ ‫خف‬٠‫ط‬
Strength Strong Stronger than The strongest
Cleverness Clever Cleverer than The cleverest
Happiness Happy Happier than The happiest
-y ٌٝ‫َ ح‬١‫ طظغ‬i
Sun Sunny Sunnier Sunniest
Width Wide Wider than The widest
‫ال ٔىٍَ٘خ‬ - ‫ض حٌىٍّش رـ‬ٙ‫حًح حٔظ‬
Size Large Larger than The largest
Fat Fat Fatter than The fattest ‫ كخي ٓزك‬ٟ‫َ ف‬١‫طىَحٍ حٌلَف حأله‬
Heat Hot Hotter than The hottest ‫حكي‬ٚ ‫رلَف ػٍش‬
Beauty Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful
than More – most
Politeness Polite More polite than The most polite ٝ‫ طزم‬ٚ ‫ٍش‬٠ٛ‫فخص حٌط‬ٌٜ‫خف لزً ح‬٠‫ط‬
Confidence Confident More confident The most confident .ٟ٘ ‫فش وّخ‬ٌٜ‫ح‬
than
Good Good Better than The best ‫ ٌٖ٘ حٌلخٌش‬ٟ‫ف‬ٚ َ١‫فخص طظغ‬ٌٜ‫ ح‬ٞ‫رؼ‬
Bad Bad Worse than The worst ‫طلفع‬

- To compare between two equal things ٓ١٠ٚ‫ٓ ِظٔخ‬١‫ج‬١ٗ ٓ١‫ٌٍّمخٍٔش ر‬

1- S + ( is – am – are ) + as ….adj …..as + com َ‫ ( ٔٔظوي‬as ‫فش‬ٌٜ‫ ح‬as )
Example : Ahmed is as tall as Ali .
The car is as old as yours.
2- S + ( is – am – are ) + the same ..N ...as + com َ‫ ( ٔٔظوي‬the same ُٓ‫ حال‬as )
Example : Ahmed is the same height as Ali .
The car is the same age as yours .
- To compare between two contrasted things, we use comparative form of the adjective
‫فش‬ٌٜ‫ٓ ٔٔظويَ ٗىً حٌّمخٍٔش ِٓ ح‬٠‫خى‬٠‫ٓ ِظ‬١‫ج‬١ٗ ٓ١‫ٌٍّمخٍٔش ر‬
- ‫ حٌمخػيس‬S + ( is – am – are ) + comparative form + than + com.
Example : Ahmed is taller than Ali .
Lila is more beautiful than Alia .
English is better than Math.
3- To compare between one thing and group , we use superlative form of the
adjective ‫فش‬ٌٜ‫ً ِٓ ح‬١٠‫ػش ٔٔظويَ ٗىً حٌظف‬ّٛ‫ّٓ ِـ‬ٟ ‫ء‬ٟٗ ‫ٌّمخٍٔش‬
- ‫ حٌمخػيس‬S + ( is – am – are ) + the + superlative form + com.
Example : Ahmed is the tallest in the class .
Lila is the most beautiful girl .
Cheetah is the fastest of all animals .
English is the best subject.
Activity 1
1- Choose the best alternative : ‫سؤال ٔصاسي‬
1 She is ………………… ( slim – slimmer – slimmest ) . Slim
2 Yemen is the ………… country . most magnificent
( magnificent- more magnificent – most magnificent )
3 My father is the same …………. as my uncle .
( old – age – older )
4 Aden is ………………than Sana'a .
( cold – colder – coldest )
5 The garden is as ……………. as yours
( long – length – longest ).
6 My sister is the ………………. in the school
( cleverness – cleverer – cleverest ).
2- Spot the mistake :
1 This car is the better.
2 Giraffe is big than lion .
3 He is the same strong as Ali.
4 Arabic is as easier as chemistry .

Other uses of comparative form : ‫ ٌ٘ىً حٌّمخٍٔش‬َٜ‫حٓظويحِخص أه‬

1- Emphasis ‫ي‬١‫حٌظؤو‬
Example : He drove faster and faster.
Deeper and deeper we dived .
2- The comparative + s + com , the comparative + s + com
Example : the easier the puzzle , the shorter time it needs.
The more you eat , the fatter you become .
Adjective Comparative Superlative

Much
More The most
Many
Little Less The least
Few Fewer The fewest
Well
Better The best
Good
Activity
Spot the mistake : ٍٞ‫ُح‬ٚ ‫ٓئحي‬
1- The deep the water , the greater the pressure. ( deeper )
2- The cheaper food gets , the much you can get . ( more )
3- The more you read , the good you will be . ……………………..
4- The older he got , the weak he became. …………………………
5- Up and upper we swim. …………………………………
6- The little money you have , the cheaper house you buy. ………………..

Tenses
Verb tense tells you when the action happens ً‫ كيع حٌفؼ‬ٝ‫ِظ‬. There are three main verb tenses:
present, past, and future. Each main tense is divided into simple ٢١ٔ‫ر‬, continuous َّ‫ِٔظ‬,
perfect َ‫طخ‬, and perfect continuous tenses َّ‫طخَ ِٔظ‬.
Tense Present Past Future
Simple finish finished will finish
Continuous am/is/are finishing was/were finishing -
Perfect have/has finished had finished -
Perfect Continuous have/has been finishing - -
Simple Tenses
It depends on the key words ‫ش‬١ٌِِٕ‫ حٌيالٌش ح‬ٍٝ‫ؼظّي ػ‬٠
- Present simple tense

It is used to talk about facts ‫ش‬١ٍّ‫ كمخثك حٌؼ‬, routines ٓ١‫ط‬ٍٚ , and daily actions ‫ش‬١ِٛ١ٌ‫حألكيحع ح‬
Key words ‫انذالالد انضيٍُخ‬
( always – often – usually – sometimes – every …… - never – twice - once ……)
-Rule ‫انقبػذح‬
S ) I - we – you – they ‫) حٌـّغ‬+ v1 + com
S ) he - she – it – ‫ ( ِفَى‬+ v1 + s - es - ies + com
Example
I run a marathon twice a year.
She eats lunch in my office every Sunday .
Ahmed always studies in Yemen Glory Modern schools .
Water boils at 1000 Celsius. ‫ش‬١ٍّ‫مش ػ‬١‫كم‬
S ‫ف‬َٚ‫ش حٌل‬١‫رم‬ -es ‫ رؼي‬s – x – z- ch – sh- o -ies ٓ‫خ كَف ٓخو‬ٍٙ‫ لز‬ٚ Y ‫اًح ؿخءص‬
Read- reads Fix - fixes Study – studies
Enjoy- enjoys cross - crosses Cry - cries
Cook- cooks Wash – washes Fly – flies
Put the verb in the correct form:
 The baker ……………………. ( bake ) his bread at 4:00 A.M every day.
 We often …………………….. ( make ) an experiment in the lab .
 The earth ……………………….( rotate ) the sun .
 She usually ……………………( cook ) the dinner .

- Past simple tense

It is used to talk about actions happened in the past ٟٟ‫حٌّخ‬
( yesterday – last – ago - in the past - in 2000 ٟٟ‫ حٌّخ‬ٟ‫ن ف‬٠ٍ‫) طخ‬
S + v2 + com
Example
I ran a marathon last month.
She washed her car yesterday .
Ahmed was a student in Yemen Glory Modern school two years ago.
Note :
The verbs are regular ( -ed ‫ رـ‬ٟٙ‫ش ( طٕظ‬١ٓ‫خ‬١‫ل‬ wash – washed
Irregular ‫) ٗخًس‬ َ١‫) طظغ‬ go - went
 They ……………………. ( travel ) to Paris a week ago.
 I …………………... ( study ) English last year.
 Yesterday two small kids ……………………….( be ) killed by speed car .
- Future simple tense
It is used to talk about actions will happen in the future ً‫حٌّٔظمز‬
(tomorrow – soon – next - later – in the future )
S + will v infinitive ٍ‫ي‬ِٜ + com
S + is –am –are+ going to v infinitive ٍ‫ي‬ِٜ + com
S + is – am – are + to v infinitive ٍ‫ي‬ِٜ + com
Example
I am going to travel to Cairo next month .
She will arrive soon .
The minister is to open the new road tomorrow .
 Aref ……………………. ( finish ) his exams next month.
 My sister is …………………... ( leave ) to Aden tomorrow.
 In the future we ……………………….( build ) a new house .
Continuous Tense ‫المستمر‬

Present Continuous Tense َّ‫خٍع حٌّٔظ‬٠ٌّ‫ح‬
It is used to talk about actions that are happening at the moment ‫ حٌٍلظش‬ٟ‫ف‬
( now – look! – listen ! - in the moment - at present - these days – nowadays )
S + is - am - are + V+ing + com
Example
I am driving my new car now.
Listen! Ali is shouting .
These days Arabs are fighting each others.
V + ing
Drive - driving write – writing e is omitted ‫طلٌف‬
Run – running swim – swimming
‫حكي‬ٚ ٟ‫ط‬ٛٛ ‫ْ حٌفؼً ِٓ ِمطغ‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ْ‫ أ‬١َ٘‫َ ر‬١‫حكي ٔىٍَ حٌلَف حأله‬ٚ ‫َ كَف ِظلَن‬١‫اًح ٓزك حٌلَف حٌٔخوٓ حأله‬
َ١‫ فال ٔىٍَ حٌلَف حأله‬praying - snowing x - y w ‫ِخػيح كَف‬

mixing -
‫ش حٌلخالص‬١‫ رم‬ٟ‫خف ِزخَٗس ف‬٠‫ ط‬ing
َّ‫ حٌِِٓ حٌّٔظ‬ٟ‫ػش ِٓ حألفؼخي ال طٔظويَ ف‬ّٛ‫ِالكظش ٌٖ٘ حٌّـ‬
want - know - have ( own ) – love – like – prefer - believe - seem -hate
 The teachers …………………………. ( teach ) the students at the moment .
 Look ! Ahmed …………………... ( run ) .
 They ……………………….( have ) their car now .
Past Continuous Tense ‫انًبضً انًستًش‬
S + was – were V+ ing + com
We use this tense to talk about two actions happened in the past one of them intervening the other .
( When - While )
1- When ( past simple ) , ( past continuous )
When S + v2 + com , S + was – were V+ ing + com
2- While ( past continuous ) , ( past simple )
While S + was – were V+ ing + com , S + v2 + com
Example
1- When we called him , he was watching the film .
We were studying , when my father came .
2- While he was playing football , the class started.
The telephone rang , while he was reading.
 While he …………………………. ( drive ) the car , he felt sick .
 My friend………………..( knock)the door , while I was doing my home work .
Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense ‫انًضبسع انتبو‬
The present perfect tense describes an action that started in the past and continues to the
present time. Use has/have + the past participle form of the verb v3.
( already – just - never - ever ‫ ٓئحي‬- yet ٟ‫ ٔف‬- recently - (since – for َ‫ٌوَ حألػ‬٠ ‫ ال‬١َ٘‫) ر‬
S + has – have + v3 + com
Example
I have already done the homework .
Recently many birds have died because bird flu.
He has just left the city.
Lila has lived in Sana'a since 2000.
 He has already …………………………. ( teach ) French lessons .
 Have you ever …………………... ( be ) to Paris ?
 Sara ……………..…………….( understand ) the lesson yet .
Present Perfect continuous Tense

The present perfect continuous tense describes an action that started in the past and
continues to the present time and it has a result and it is continuing .
Use has/have + been + V+ ing .
( that's why – still - will….soon - didn't ….. yet - recently - till now - just now -
(since – for َ‫ٌوَ حألػ‬٠ ْ‫ أ‬١َ٘‫ ر‬- I don't know when ….will stop / will finish – …..will continue )
S + has – have + been + V+ ing + com
Example
They have been studying English I don't know when they will finish.
The boy has been playing with mud that's why his clothes are dirty.
He has been standing for half an hour and the bus didn't come yet.
 My brother …………………………. ( cut ) the grass he will finish soon .

 you …………………... ( read ) the book just now.
 It ……………..…………….(rain ) and I think it will continue.
 Mona …………………………( study ) since 2010 and she is still studying ) .

Past perfect Tense

S + had v3 + com
We use this tense to talk about two actions happened in the past one of them happened
before the other .
( after - before )
1- Before ( past simple ) , ( past perfect )

Before S + v2 + com , S + had v3+ com
2- After ( past perfect ) , ( past simple )

After S + had v3 + com , S + v2 + com
Example
3- After I had had my lunch , I cleaned the kitchen .
He arrived to bus station , after the bus had left .
4- Before he woke up , his mother had prepared the breakfast.

The alarm clock had rung , before he finished reading .
 Before he …………..( drive ) the car , he had checked up the petrol .

 Ali ……………. ( go ) home , after he had bought something .
 After I ……………………….( watch ) TV, I went to bed .
 She ………………………( ask ) her mother for permission , before she left.
Note ‫يالحظخ‬
‫ْزِ األفؼبل ال تستخذو فً انضيٍ انًستًش أثذا حتى ٔاٌ ٔجذد احذ انذالالد انضيٍُخ انخبطخ ثبنضيٍ انًستًش‬
Verb ٕٝ‫حٌّؼ‬ Example
Own / have ‫ٍّه‬٠ I have my gift now . / Look ! she owns her gift.
Like ‫لذ‬٠ He likes to travel at moment.
Love ‫لذ‬٠ Listen ! I love my mother.
Hate َٖ‫ى‬٠ Now I hate your comments
Know ‫ؼَف‬٠ We have known him since I was a child.
Believe ‫يق‬ٜ٠ ٚ‫ئِٓ أ‬٠ I have believed in your issue till now.
Need ‫لظخؽ‬٠ She needs you at moment.
Seem ٚ‫زي‬٠ While he seemed to be an idol , he left.
Want ‫ي‬٠َ٠ Now I want two apples

Conditional sentence ‫انجًهخ انششعٍخ‬

There are two parts to a conditional sentence: the condition ١ٌَ٘‫ ح‬and the result ‫ انجٕاة‬.
Type one ‫ي‬ٚ‫ع حأل‬ٌٕٛ‫ح‬
( IF )
- (IF + S + present simple ) , ( S + will – can – shall ….. + infinitive + com )

Example
 If it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay home.
The condition The result
If you study hard, You will pass the exam .
If we don’t save money this year, we can’t be able to buy a new car.
If you don’t study, you’ll fail.
 If there’s not an emergency at work, I …………………… ( be ) home on time.

 If Ali ……………… ( sleep ) early , he will wake up early .
 I will treat you , if I ……………………….( be ) a doctor .
Type two ٟٔ‫ع حٌؼخ‬ٌٕٛ‫ح‬

- (IF + S + past simple ) , ( S + would – could – should …. + infinitive + com )

Example
 If I had money , I would buy a car .
If he exercised more, he’d be thinner.
If the teacher spoke more slowly, We could understand her better.
If I were you , I would study medicine.
َ‫ ٌٖ٘ حٌلخٌش ٔٔظوي‬ٟ‫ِالكظش ف‬
) I were ) not ( I was )
 If I were you , I …………………… ( go ) with them .

 He would help you, if he ……………… ( be ) in Aden .
 If I ……………………….( sleep ) at 9:00 , I would wake up early .

Type three ‫ع حٌؼخٌغ‬ٌٕٛ‫ح‬

- (IF + S + past perfect ) , ( S + would – could – should …. + have + v3 + com )

Example
 If he had studied hard , he would have passed the exams .
If you had seen her , You would have told me.
 If I had finished my work , I …………….…………… ( take ) a holiday .
Activity 2
2- Correct the verbs in the brackets: ‫سؤال ٔصاسي‬
1 She ( write ) a letter to her sister two days ago. Wrote
2 I ( read ) the novel now. am reading
3 My father often ( play) tennis . plays
4 While she (cook ) , she hurt her finger. Was cooking
5 After they ( finish ) exams , they went to the park. had finished
6 My sister is ( leave ) to Ibb tomorrow. is to leave – is going to leave
7 Salwa ( buy ) three houses till now. has been buying
8 If you ( walk ) faster , you would reach early. Walked
9 Listen ! he ( speak ) with the criminal. is speaking
10 She ( clean) the house since the morning .She is tired . has been cleaned
11 If Salwa is clever , she ( fight ) to take this position. Will fight
12 I ( eat ) the dinner , when Sami phoned. Was eating
13 He( pay ) you next month. Will pay
14 I ( see) you since 2010. have seen
15 We have just ( write ) the report. Written

‫ األصيُخ‬TENSES
TENSE ‫حٌيالٌش‬KEY WORDS ‫ حٌمخػيس‬THE RULE
Present Always – often – usually – sometimes
S + V1 or ( singular )V1s + com
Simple never – every
He goes to school every day at seven o'clock.
We go to school every day at seven o'clock.
Past simple Yesterday- last – ago- in the past S + V2 + com
She made some cake yesterday.
Present Now – look! –listen!- at moment-
S + is –am – are + v ing + com
Continuous these days
He is fixing his car now .
While
While S + was – were + v ing , past simple
Past
Continuous When past simple , s + was – were + v ing +
When
com
While he was playing tennis , he hurt his leg .
When they came , my mother was cooking lunch .
Just – already – ever – yet-
Present
َ‫ْ ًو‬ٚ‫ حٌـٍّش ري‬ٟٙ‫ أْ طٕظ‬١َ٘‫ ر‬since- for) S + has – have + V3 + com
perfect
)ً‫ حػَ ٌٍفؼ‬ٚ‫ـش أ‬١‫ٔظ‬
I have just been to Paris .
Just now- recently – still – that's why –
Present
since – for – didn't …. yet-
perfect S + has – have – been + V ing
will……soon – will finish – will
Continuous
continue
He has been playing football, that's why his clothes are dirty.
Before Before past simple , S + had V3 + com

Past perfect
After After S + had V3 + com, past simple
After the bus had left , they came .
Before they came , the bus had left .
S + is –am – are - going to + inf + com
Future Tomorrow – next – soon – later S + will + inf + com
S+ is –am are + to inf + com
Tomorrow she will go in a trip with her family.
Tomorrow she is going to go in a trip with her family.
If : type one If present simple , S + will / can inf + com
Conditional If : type two If past simple , S+ would / could inf + com
sentences If past perfect, S+ would / could + have V3 +
If : type three
com
If he knows the truth , he will tell me .
If he knew the truth , he would tell me.
If he had known the truth , he would have told me.

Negative sentences ً‫انُف‬

1-Negative form of any sentence can be formed simply by adding ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ ( رب‬not) to helping verbs and
modals.
2- Tenses ‫ حألُِٕش‬that don't have helping verb ‫خ فؼً ِٔخػي‬ٌٙ ْ١ٌ as ً‫ ( ِؼ‬present and past simple tense )
٢١ٔ‫ حٌز‬ٟٟ‫حٌّخ‬ٚ ‫خٍع‬٠ٌّ‫ ح‬negated ٝ‫ طٕف‬by adding ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ رب‬:-
- ( doesn't – don’t ) before the verb in present simple sentences . ٢١ٔ‫خٍع حٌز‬٠ٌّ‫ حٌِِٓ ح‬ٟ‫لزً حٌفؼً ف‬
-(didn't ) before the verb in present simple sentences ٢١ٔ‫ حٌز‬ٟٟ‫ حٌِِٓ حٌّخ‬ٟ‫لزً حٌفؼً ف‬
with a condition ١َ٘‫ ر‬the verb must be ( infinitive ) ٍ‫ي‬ٌّٜ‫ ح‬ٌٝ‫ي ا‬ٛ‫ل‬٠ ً‫حٌفؼ‬
Tense Present Past Future

Simple Finish →don't finish (inf ) Finished → didn't finish (inf) will finish →
Finishes → doesn't finish (inf) Went → didn’t go ( inf ) will ( not ) finish
Continuous am/is/are finishing → was/were finishing→ -

am/is/are ( not ) finishing was/were ( not ) finishing
Perfect have/has finished → had finished → -
have/has ( not ) finished had ( not ) finished
Perfect have/has been finishing → - -
Continuous have/has ( not ) been finishing
Have to /can / must…. finish→ Had to /could / might…. finish→
Modal
Have to/can/ must ( not ) finish Had to/could/ might (not) finish
Examples
He drove his car along the country . → He didn't drive his car along the country .
I buy an apple. → I don’t buy an apple.
She wakes up early. → She doesn’t wake up early.
I am cooking a meal. → I am not cooking a meal.
He have arrived from Paris . → He have not arrived from Paris.
Ali had bought a house. → Ali had not bought a house.
The cat can swim . → The cat cannot swim .
I will leave early. → I will not leave early.
He had to deal with people. → He had not to deal with people.
Spot the mistake
He doesn’t works with people. × [ work ]
He didn’t worked with people. × [ work ]
He will doesn’t work with people. × [ will not ]

Passive voice ‫انًجًُ نهًجٕٓل‬

Sentences with transitive verb (verb with object) ٗ‫ي ر‬ٛ‫ؤهٌ ِفؼ‬٠ ً‫ فؼ‬can be changed into ٌٝ‫ي ا‬ٛ‫ل‬٠ PASSIVE
VOICE.
For Example,
Active :I buy an apple .
Passive : An apple is bought . ( verb with object ٗ‫ي ر‬ٛ‫)فؼً ِغ ِفؼ‬
Active: The man is running.

Passive: Not Possible ‫ي‬ٛ‫ً أْ طل‬١‫ ِٔظل‬as the object ٗ‫ي ر‬ٛ‫الْ حٌّفؼ‬after verb (Running) is missing ‫ى‬ٛ‫ؿ‬ِٛ َ١‫ غ‬.
Active Voice: ٍَٛ‫ ٌٍّؼ‬ٟٕ‫ حٌّز‬The subject ً‫ حٌفخػ‬of the sentence is the one doing َٛ‫م‬٠ ٌٌٞ‫ ح‬ٛ٘ the action ً‫رخٌفؼ‬.
The researchers did the experiment . S + V + O
Students need good study skills to succeed in college . S +V + O + COM
You should tell him. S + V + O
Passive Voice: ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّـ‬ٟٕ‫حٌّز‬
1- The subject ً‫حٌفخػ‬of the sentence is not working now ْ‫ؼًّ أال‬٠ ‫ ال‬, it moves to ٌٝ‫ظلَن ا‬٠
the end َ‫أه‬of the sentence ‫ حٌـٍّش‬with (by ) ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ رب‬or drops off ‫لٌف‬٠ ٚ‫ أ‬altogether if it is unimportant َ١‫غ‬
ُِٙor unknown ‫ف‬َٚ‫َ ِؼ‬١‫ غ‬ٚ‫ أ‬.
2- The object ٗ‫ي ر‬ٛ‫ حٌّفؼ‬is used َ‫ٔظوي‬٠ as a new subject ‫ي‬٠‫ وفخػً ؿي‬.
 Note ‫ يالحظخ‬if the object ٗ‫ي ر‬ٛ‫ حًح حٌّفؼ‬is pronoun َ١ّٟ it will be changed into ٌٝ‫ي ا‬ٛ‫ل‬٠ subject form
ً‫َ حٌفخػ‬١ّٟ ً‫ ٗى‬and the subject ً‫ حٌفخػ‬changed into object form ‫ي رؼي‬ٛ‫َ حٌّفؼ‬١ّٟ after by .
Subject Object Subject Object Subject Object
I Me He Him It It
We Us She Her
You You They Them
 He hit her.
 She was hit by him.
3- The verb ً‫ حٌفؼ‬must include ٍٝ‫ ػ‬ٞٛ‫لظ‬٠ ْ‫ـذ ح‬٠ a form of be, ‫ ٗىً ِٓ أٗىخي‬followed by a past participle
(v3) ‫ف حٌؼخٌغ‬٠َٜ‫ حٌظ‬ٟ‫حٌفؼً ف‬ٚ .
Tense Simple ٢١ٔ‫ر‬ Continuous َّ‫ِٔظ‬ Perfect َ‫طخ‬ Modal ‫ش‬ٜ‫حألفؼخي حٌٕخل‬
Present is – am – are + v3 is –am –are + being + v3 has- have + been + v3 Will-can …+ be+ v3
‫خٍع‬٠ِ
Past was – were + v3 was – were + being+ v3 had + been + v3 Would –could…+ be +v3
ٟٟ‫ِخ‬
The experiment was done (by the researchers).
Good study skills are needed to succeed in college.
He should be told.

1- Present simple tense ‫تحٌٕم انًضبسع انجسٍظ نهًجًُ نهًجٕٓل‬

Rule ‫انقبػذح‬ ٟ‫ ف‬by ‫ىظذ رؼي‬٠ ٚ‫ أ‬S ً‫كٌف حٌفخػ‬ .1
S + V1 + O + Com ‫ش حٌـٍّش‬٠‫خ‬ٙٔ
. ‫ي‬٠‫ فخػً ؿي‬O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ؿؼً حٌّفؼ‬.2
‫ حٌّٕخٓزش‬is - am – are ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ ا‬.3
is . ‫ي‬٠‫ٌٍفخػً حٌـي‬
O + am + V3 + Com + by S
‫ف حٌؼخٌغ‬٠َٜ‫ حٌظ‬ٌٝ‫ً حٌفؼً ا‬٠ٛ‫ طل‬.4
are
Example :- The builder builds the house well.
S V1 O Com
The builder builds the house well.
The house is + built well by the builder .

 He reads three stories . built
 Three stories are read by him .
 My mother makes cake for my birthday.

 Cake is made for my birthday by my mother.
2- Past simple tense ‫انًبضً انجسٍظ‬ ‫ىظذ رؼي‬٠ ٚ‫ أ‬S ً‫كٌف حٌفخػ‬ .1
Rule . ‫ش حٌـٍّش‬٠‫خ‬ٙٔ ٟ‫ف‬by
. ‫ي‬٠‫ فخػً ؿي‬O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ؿؼً حٌّفؼ‬ .2
S + V2 + O + Com
was- were ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ا‬ .3
. ‫ي‬٠‫حٌّٕخٓزش ٌٍفخػً حٌـي‬
‫ف‬٠َٜ‫ حٌظ‬ٌٝ‫ً حٌفؼً ا‬٠ٛ‫طل‬ .4
was
O + were + V3 + Com + by S ‫حٌؼخٌغ‬
Example :- The builder built our school last year .

S V2 O Com
The builder built our school last year.
Our school was + built last year by the builder .
 Al Khwarizmi invented zero .

 Zero was invented by Al Khwarizmi .
 They met him .

 He was met by them .
Change into passive
 Ahmed bought a car.
 The scientists make many experiments.

3-Present continuous tense ‫انًضبسع انًستًش‬ by ‫ىظذ رؼي‬٠ ٚ‫ أ‬S ً‫كٌف حٌفخػ‬ .1
. ‫ش حٌـٍّش‬٠‫خ‬ٙٔ ٟ‫ف‬
Rule is
am .‫ي‬٠‫ فخػً ؿي‬O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ؿؼً حٌّفؼ‬ .2
S + are + V1 ing + O + Com ‫ حٌّٕخٓزش‬is- am – are ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ا‬ .3
. being ‫رؼي٘خ‬ٚ ‫ي‬٠‫ٌٍفخػً حٌـي‬
‫ف حٌؼخٌغ‬٠َٜ‫ حٌظ‬ٌٝ‫ً حٌفؼً ا‬٠ٛ‫طل‬ .4
is
O + am + being + V3 + Com + by S
are
Example :- He is writing the novels now.

S is V1ing O Com
He is writing the novels now.
The novels are being written now by him .
 Rescue service is looking for two swimmers.

 Two swimmers are being looked for by rescue service .
by ‫ىظذ رؼي‬٠ ٚ‫ أ‬S ً‫كٌف حٌفخػ‬ .1
4-Past continuous tense . ‫ش حٌـٍّش‬٠‫خ‬ٙٔ ٟ‫ف‬
Rule .‫ي‬٠‫ فخػً ؿي‬O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ؿؼً حٌّفؼ‬ .2
was
‫ حٌّٕخٓزش‬was - were ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ا‬ .3
S + were + V1 ing + O + Com
. being ‫رؼي٘خ‬ٚ ‫ي‬٠‫ٌٍفخػً حٌـي‬
was
O + were + being + V3 + Com + by S
Example :- She was washing the car .

S was V1ing O
She was washing the car .
The car was being washed by her .
 My father was buying gifts.

 Gifts were being bought .
Change into passive
 The students are learning Spanish.
 Maria was cleaning the cafeteria.

ٟ‫ ف‬by ‫ىظذ رؼي‬٠ ٚ‫ أ‬S ً‫كٌف حٌفخػ‬ .1
5-Present perfect tense . ‫ش حٌـٍّش‬٠‫خ‬ٙٔ
Rule has
.‫ي‬٠‫ فخػً ؿي‬O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ؿؼً حٌّفؼ‬ .2
have
S + + V3 + O + Com ً‫ حٌّٕخٓزش ٌٍفخػ‬has - have ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ا‬ .3
. been ‫رؼي٘خ‬ٚ ‫ي‬٠‫حٌـي‬
ٟ‫ ألٔٗ ف‬ٛ٘ ‫ػُ ٔىظذ حٌفؼً وّخ‬ .4
‫ف حٌؼخٌغ‬٠َٜ‫حٌظ‬
has
O + have + been + V3 + Com + by S
Example :- He has visited me .

S V3 O
He has visited me .
I have been visited by him .
 I have studied English for two years.

 English has been studied for two years by me .
ٟ‫ ف‬by ‫ىظذ رؼي‬٠ ٚ‫ أ‬S ً‫كٌف حٌفخػ‬ .1
6-Past perfect tense . ‫ش حٌـٍّش‬٠‫خ‬ٙٔ
Rule .‫ي‬٠‫ فخػً ؿي‬O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ؿؼً حٌّفؼ‬ .2
S + had + V3 O + Com . been ‫رؼي٘خ‬ٚ had ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ا‬ .3
+
ٟ‫ ألٔٗ ف‬ٛ٘ ‫ػُ ٔىظذ حٌفؼً وّخ‬ .4
‫ف حٌؼخٌغ‬٠َٜ‫حٌظ‬
O + had + been + V3 + Com + by S
 Example :- He had watched the film .

S V3 O
 He had watched the film .
The film had been watched by him .
 Charles Richter had invented Richter scale .

 Richter scale had been invented by Charles Richter .
Change into passive
 She had solved the sum correctly.
 They had fixed the school's furniture.

7-Modals by ‫ىظذ رؼي‬٠ ٚ‫ أ‬S ً‫كٌف حٌفخػ‬ .1

. ‫ش حٌـٍّش‬٠‫خ‬ٙٔ ٟ‫ف‬
Rule
.‫ي‬٠‫ فخػً ؿي‬O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ؿؼً حٌّفؼ‬ .2
will
. be ‫رؼي٘خ‬ٚ modal ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ا‬ .3
would
S + could
+ V1 + O + Com ‫ف حٌؼخٌغ‬٠َٜ‫ حٌظ‬ٌٝ‫ً حٌفؼً ا‬٠ٛ‫طل‬ .4
……..
can
……
would
O + may…… + be + V3 + Com + by S
……..
d
Note ( modal :- will- would – can – could – may – might – shall – should – must – have to-
has to- had to – is to – are to – am to – is going to – am going to – are going to )
Example :- Sara will fill the passengers information on the list .
S V1 O Com
Sara will fill the passengers information on the list .
The passengers information will be filled on the list by Sara .
 Ali will write a good poem.

 A good poem will be written by Ali .
.‫ش حٌـٍّش‬٠‫خ‬ٙٔ ٟ‫ ف‬by ‫ىظذ رؼي‬٠ ٚ‫ أ‬S ً‫كٌف حٌفخػ‬ .1
8-Present perfect continuous tense .‫ي‬٠‫ فخػً ؿي‬O ‫ي‬ٛ‫ؿؼً حٌّفؼ‬ .2
‫ي‬٠‫ حٌّٕخٓزش ٌٍفخػً حٌـي‬has – have ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ا‬ .3
being ُ‫ ػ‬been ‫رؼي٘خ‬ٚ
Rule
S + have been + V1 ing + O + Com
has been
O + have been + being

+ + V3 + Com + by S
has been
 Example :- He has been watching the program .

S V1ing O
 He has been watching the program .
The program has been being watched by him .

Activity
1- Change into the passive voice : ‫سؤال ٔصاسي‬
1 We are watching a film on our TV. A film is being watched on our TV by us.
2 Omar has already finished the reports. The reports have already been watched by Omar.
3 Someone left this suitcase yesterday. This suitcase was left yesterday.
4 The examiners will read the passage The passage will be read three times by the
three times. examiners.
5 We have to return the book back. The book has to be returned back by us.
6 They throw away the rubbish. The rubbish is thrown away.
7 He receives a letter from his brother A letter from his brother is received every week by
every week. him.
8 John has been riding a camel. A camel has been being ridden by John.
9 We use microscope to see small objects. Microscope is used to see small objects.
10 She had decorated the walls of the house. The walls of the house had been decorated by her.
Activity 3
Active voice or passive voice : 2- correct the verb
1 The road was opened ( open ) yesterday. ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّـ‬ٟٕ‫خَ رخٌفؼً ٌٌٌه ٔٔظويَ حٌّز‬١‫غ حٌم‬١‫ٔظط‬٠ ‫حٌفخػً ال‬
2 The minister opened ( open ) the road yesterday. ٍَٛ‫ ٌٍّؼ‬ٟٕ‫ى ٔٔظويَ حٌّز‬ٛ‫ؿ‬ِٛ ً‫حٌفخػ‬
3 The school will be painted ( paint ) next week .‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّـ‬ٟٕ‫خَ رخٌفؼً ٌٌٌه ٔٔظويَ حٌّز‬١‫غ حٌم‬١‫ٔظط‬٠ ‫حٌفخػً ال‬
Note
Some words have special use
1- Some nationalities ‫خ وؤّٓخء‬ِٙ‫خص ػٕي حٓظويح‬١ٕٔ‫حٌـ‬
Nationalities end with -ese or ish ‫ طؼخًِ ِؼخٍِش حالُٓ حٌـّغ‬ish- ٚ‫ ح‬ese ‫ رـ‬ٟٙ‫ طٕظ‬ٟ‫خص حٌظ‬١ٕٔ‫حٌـ‬
Example
The Chinese are humble. ‫ْ ػخِش‬ٛ١ٕ١ٌٜ‫ ح‬ٟٕ‫طؼ‬
‫ي طؼخًِ وخُٓ ؿّغ‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّـ‬ٟٕ‫ حٌّز‬ٌٝ‫ً ا‬٠ٛ‫ حٌظل‬ٟ‫ف‬
I respect the Japanese . active ٍَٛ‫ ٌٍّؼ‬ٟٕ‫ِز‬
The Japanese are respected .√ passive ‫ي‬ٛٙ‫ ٌٍّـ‬ٟٕ‫ِز‬
The Japanese is respected . ×
2- Police and people ‫ ال طؼخًِ وّفَى أريح‬ٚ ‫والّ٘خ ؿّغ‬

Example : The police do a good job. √
The police does a good job . ×
3- Information ‫تؼبيم يفشد‬
Example Ali sent the information yesterday.
The information was sent yesterday. √
The information were sent yesterday.×

The passive ‫انًجًُ نهًجٕٓل‬
ً‫ رؼي كٌف حٌفخػ‬-1

‫ي‬٠‫ي فخػً ؿي‬ٛ‫ ؿؼً حٌّفؼ‬-2
) ‫ف حٌؼخٌغ‬٠َٜ‫ حٌظ‬ٟ‫ حٌفؼً ف‬ٚ ‫خ حٌّٕخٓذ‬ٍٙ‫ ر٘ى‬be + v3 ( ‫ حٓظويحَ حٌمخػيس حٌّٕخٓزش ٌِِٓ حٌـٍّش‬-3
TENSE ‫ حٌمخػيس‬THE RULE ‫ حٌمخػيس‬THE PASSIVE
S + V1 or ( singular V1 +s ) + O O + am - is – are + v3 + com + by S
Present
+ com
Simple
She writes a story A story is written by her.
S + V2 +O + com O + was- were + v3 + com + by S
Past simple
She wrote a story A story was written by her.
O + am - is – are + being + v3 + com +
S +is – am –are + v ing +O +
Present by S
com
Continuous
She is writing a story
A story is being written by her.
S +was – were + v ing + O+ O + was –were + being + v3 + com +
Past
com by S
Continuous
She was writing a story A story was being written by her.
S + has – have V3+ O + com O + has – have + been + v3 + com + by S
Present
perfect
She has written a story A story has been written by her.
O + has – have + been + being + v3 +
S + has – have + been V+ing +
Present com + by S
O + com
perfect
Continuous A story has been being written by
She has been writing a story
her.
S + had + V3+ O + com O + had + been + v3 + com + by S
Past perfect
She had written a story A story had been written by her.
S + is –am – are - going to + O + am - is –– are going to + be + V3 +
Vinf + O + com com by S
Future
She is going to write a story A story is going to be written by her.
S + can – will – should …..Vinf O + can – will – should …..+ be + v3 +
+ O + com com + by S
Modal
She can write a story A story can be written by her.

Linking Words ‫أدٔاد انشثظ‬
Reasons and Results ‫انسجت ٔ انُتٍجخ‬

Linking words help you connect the ideas in a sentence. you’ll learn some common linking
words to express reasons and results.
- Because / Because of
‫تعني بسبب‬
The difference between these two words is that because is followed by a subject + verb ,
and because of is followed by a noun:
• The game was canceled because of the rain.
• The game was canceled because it was raining.
-Therefore / Consequently / As a result ) ‫تأتً ثٍٍ انجًهتٍٍ ٔ ًْ تؼًُ ( نزنك – َٔتٍجخ رنك‬
-Our company’s profits have increased in the past year. Therefore, we’re going to invest in
new equipment and training programs.
-The tennis player had knee surgery ; consequently, he took the rest of the season off.
-There have been heavy rains . As a result, several areas have experienced flooding.
-So
We were hungry, so we stopped at a cafe for a sandwich.
Addition ‫اإلضبفخ‬
These words are used to join two equal sentences, to add more information …
And
I like English and French .
also / too ‫خ‬٠٠‫أ‬
Also can go in the middle ٢ٌٓٛ‫ ح‬of a sentence or at the end ‫ أهَ حٌـٍّش‬ٚ‫ أ‬, whereas too is
typically used at the end ‫ أهَ حٌـٍّش‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫طؤط‬.
-We did a lot of sightseeing . We also bought a number of souvenirs.

-We did a lot of sightseeing . We bought a number of souvenirs, too.
as well / as well as ‫وٌٌه‬
As well goes at the end ‫ أهَ حٌـٍّش‬of the sentence . As well as must be in the middle ٢ٌٓٛ‫ ح‬.
• She’s not only extremely successful, she’s beautiful as well.
• She’s beautiful as well as being extremely successful.
in addition / moreover / furthermore ‫أوؼَ ِٓ ًٌه‬ٚ – ‫خفش‬ٟ‫ رخإل‬ٟٕ‫طؼ‬ٚ

These linking words are usually used at the beginning of the other sentence to add another
idea or further develop the previous one . ‫خفش فىَس‬ٟ‫ش إل‬١ٔ‫ش حٌـٍّش حٌؼخ‬٠‫ ريح‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫طؤط‬
-People who exercise regularly have more energy during the day . In addition, they tend to
live longer.
Our sales are expected to rise in the next year. Furthermore, purchase of new equipment
will increase profits.

Contrasting Ideas ‫انًقبسَخ ٔ انتضبد‬

These linking words are used to make contrasts.
But / However ‫ٔ تؼًُ نكٍ – يغ ْزا‬

I tried to lift the box, but it was too heavy for me.
I tried to lift the box. However, it was too heavy for me.
I tried to lift the box. it was too heavy for me, however.
Although ُ‫رخٌَغ‬
Although I exercise every day, I can’t seem to lose any weight.
Whereas. ‫ّٕخ‬١‫ر‬
Whereas I like tennis, my brother prefers bowling.
‫خ‬ّٙ١‫ػالِخص طَل‬ٚ ‫ أدٔاد انشثظ‬The position and punctuation of joining words
Contrast
Whereas – although – however – but
‫ِمخٍٔش‬
Whereas ‫ حٌـٍّش‬1, ‫ حٌـٍّش‬2.
Although ‫ حٌـٍّش‬1, ‫ حٌـٍّش‬2.
‫حٌـٍّش‬1. However , ‫ حٌـٍّش‬2.
However , ‫ حٌـٍّش‬1. ‫ حٌـٍّش‬2.
‫ حٌـٍّش‬1 but ‫ حٌـٍّش‬2.
Whereas Jamil speaks English , Anwer speaks French.
Jamil speaks English but Anwer speaks French.
Addition And – as well as – in addition – furthermore –together with - – also –
‫خفش‬ٟ‫ا‬ as well- too
‫ حٌـٍّش‬1 and- as well as – together with ‫ حٌـٍّش‬2.
‫ حٌـٍّش‬1. 2‫حٌـٍّش‬ also. / too. / as well.
‫ حٌـٍّش‬1. In addition, / Furthermore , ‫ حٌـٍّش‬2.
Ali applied for a lot of jobs in Sana'a . In addition , he applied for a job abroad.
Ali applied for a lot of jobs in Sana'a . He applied for a job abroad also.
Consequence Because – so – therefore – that's why- consequently –thus –
‫ـش‬١‫ حٌٕظ‬ٚ ‫حٌٔزذ‬ as consequence – as a result .
because – so – therefore – that's why- consequently
‫ حٌـٍّش‬1 ‫ حٌـٍّش‬2.
–thus- as consequence – as a result
‫ال‬ٚ‫ش حٌـٍّش أًح ًوَ حٌٔزذ أ‬٠‫ ريح‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ لي طؤط‬Because
Because I am sick , I will not go to school.
She was absent because she was sick.
She was sick as a result she was absent.

‫أسئهخ ٔصاسٌخ‬
Join each pair of sentences , using the given conjunctions :
1-Reem was diligent . She is hard-working. ( in addition )
- Reem was diligent . In addition , she is hard-working.
2- He is sick . He goes to work. ( although )
- Although he is sick , he goes to work.
3- He is friendly . He is polite . ( as well )
- He is friendly . He is polite as well .
4- The traffic was bad . He arrived on time . ( however )
…………………………………………………………………………………
5-He was very hungry . He ate five apples . ( because )
………………………………………………………………………………....
6-My father sometimes gets angry . He is kind . ( although )
…………………………………………………………………………………
7-Acids taste sharp. Alkalis don't. ( but )
……………………………………………………………………………………
Fill in the blanks with the suitable joining words in the box :
So Whereas Further more Because Also
-He can swim. He can climbing ……………………..

-…………………he was tired, he didn't go to run.
-………………Hend is pretty, her sister is not.
-I have not got any money……………I didn't buy a gift.
-I like English ………………….., I speak English well.

ٓ١ٍ‫ٓ فؼ‬١‫ ر‬٢‫ ٌٍَر‬To join two verbs
Smell- see - hear – feel- taste

Smelt – saw – heard – felt – tasted I smelt the food burning .
Sense verbs
‫حٌمخػيس‬ She hears the boy crying .
ّ‫ح‬ٛ‫أفؼخي حٌل‬
S + sense V + O + V+ing He saw them fighting .
Have + S+ V( inf ) + COM. Have Ali open the door.

Imperative Get S+ to + V( inf ) + COM. Get Ali to open the door.
َِ‫حأل‬ Order S+ to + V( inf ) + COM. Order Ali to open the door.
Ask S+ to + V( inf ) + COM. Ask Ali to open the door.
V + to +V ( inf) I like reading. -- I like to read.
ٓ١ٍ‫ؿّغ فؼ‬
V + V+ ing She goes shopping.
want , prefer , would like , ً‫ػش ِٓ حألفؼخي ِؼ‬ّٛ‫ٕ٘خن ِـ‬
example : I would like to swim. V + to +V ( inf) َ‫ ٌٖ٘ حٌلخٌش ٔٔظوي‬ٟ‫ف‬
She wants to write the lesson
The boys left the school . They were running .
ing form the boys left the school, running . ٢‫حٌَر‬
ٓ١‫ ؿٍّظ‬٢‫ ٍر‬ing ‫خفش‬ٟ‫طظزغ رخٌفؼً رب‬ٚ ‫لٌف ِغ حٌفؼً حٌّٔخػي‬٠ ‫ش‬١ٔ‫فخػً حٌـٍّش حٌؼخ‬
‫ش‬٠ٍ‫ُح‬ٚ ‫أٓجٍش‬
1-Join the following with ( ing form )
-The goats walked down the farm. They were grazing. ( - ing form )
‫ ِٓ حٌـٍّش‬ٝ‫ ِخ طزم‬ٚ ing ‫ف حٌفؼً ِغ‬١٠ٔ ُ‫ٍش ػ‬ٛ‫غ فخ‬٠ٔ ٚ ‫ حٌٕمطش‬ٚ ‫ش‬١ٔ‫ حٌـٍّش حٌؼخ‬ٟ‫ حٌفؼً حٌّٔخػي ف‬ٚ ً‫ ٌٖ٘ حٌلخٌش ٔلٌف حٌفخػ‬ٟ‫ف‬
ً‫حٌل‬
The goat walked down the street, grazing.
-I see the students. They are waking politely. ( ing form )

- I see the students waking politely.
ّ‫ح‬ٛ‫ فؼً ِٓ أفؼخي حٌل‬ٍٝ‫ص حٌـٍّش ػ‬ٛ‫ٍش اًح حكظ‬ٛ‫غ فخ‬٠ٔ ‫ ال‬-
2-Correct the verb
‫ٍش‬ٛ‫خف فخ‬٠‫ال ط‬ٚ ing ‫خفش‬ٟ‫حّ ِزخَٗس رب‬ٛ‫ فؼً ِٓ أفؼخي حٌل‬ٍٝ‫ ػ‬ٞٛ‫ ؿٍّش طلظ‬ٟ‫لق حٌفؼً ف‬ٜ٠
-I smelt the food burning ( burn ).
- Ali heard the baby crying ( cry ).
-I saw the boys fighting ( fight ).
3-Spot the mistake:
- Have Ali to close the window × [ have Ali close the window ].
- I would like drinking a cup of tea .× [ to drink ].
- She saw her father fix the car. [ fixing ].
- Ask the chef check the food × [ Ask the chef to check the food].

‫ّخثَ حٌّٕؼىٔش‬٠ٌ‫ح‬Reflexive Pronoun

ٟٔ‫ٔف‬Myself ‫ طٔظويَ ِغ‬I I cut myself
–You
Yourself
ٜ‫ظزغ حٌّٕخى‬٠ ‫خ‬ٙ١‫ف‬ٚ ) ٜ‫ حٌٕيحء ( حٌّٕخى‬ You do the work yourself .
Yourselves
‫زيأ حٌفؼً رلَف‬٠ٚ ‫رؼالِش طؼـذ‬ Ali ! Clean the room yourself.
‫ٔفٔه‬
capital Saleh and Ali ! Plant the tree yourselves.
ُ‫أٔفٔى‬
yourself ٌ‫ؤه‬٠ َ‫ ٌِو‬ٚ‫ ِفَى ِئٔغ أ‬ Nora ! Close the door yourself.
yourselves ٌ‫ؤه‬٠ ‫ حٌـّغ‬
Ourselves
We We decide ourselves.
‫ٔفٕٔخ‬
Herself
‫ِفَى ِئٔغ‬She – singular female Alia hurt herself.
‫خ‬ٙٔ‫ٔف‬
Himself
َ‫ِفَى ٌِو‬he – singular male Ali cut himself .
ٗٔ‫ٔف‬
Themselves They do it themselves.
‫حٌـّغ‬They – plural
ُٙٔ‫أٔف‬ Saleh and Ali plant the tree themselves
Itself ً‫َ حٌؼخل‬١‫غ‬It – nonhuman The cat drinks the milk itself.
‫ انضًبئش انًٕطٕنخ‬Relative pronouns

Who ً‫ٌٍؼخل‬Human The man who I met was her father.
The book which I bought is good.
Non- human (descriptive)
Which Aden which is the nicest city in Yemen is in the
) ‫ف‬ٛٚ ( ً‫َ حٌؼخل‬١‫غ‬
coastline .
Where ْ‫ِىخ‬The place The restaurant where we go is nice.
When ْ‫ُِخ‬The time. Tell me the date when you will leave.
Whose ‫ش‬١‫ ٍِى‬Possessive I know the boy whose car is stopped here.
ٍٞ‫ُح‬ٚ ‫ٓئحي‬
Choose the best alternative :-
-This is the room ……………………….. I watch TV . ( when – where - what ).

-I need to buy a car …………………. is not expensive. ( where- which – who )
-She is the girl……………….. gets the present . ( who – which – when )
-Alia harm …………………….… ( himself – herself – yourself )
-Alia ! Clean the room ……………….. ( himself – herself – yourself )
-I saw the man ……………….phone is stolen . ( who – which – whose )
Spot the mistake :-
- I burnt herself × [ myself ].

- The house when I live is big .× [ where ].
- She is the teacher which bag is on the chair. [ whose ].
- Ali writes the story yourself × [ himself ].

Making Question ‫تكٌٍٕ انسؤال‬

Question Example
The use ٕٝ‫حٌّؼ‬
word
Who ً‫حٌؼخل‬ ِٓ Who teach you math ?
What ‫ ٌألفؼخي‬ٚ ً‫َ حٌؼخل‬١‫ٌغ‬ ‫ِخ – ِخًح‬ What are you writing ?
Where ْ‫ٌٍّىخ‬ ٓ٠‫أ‬ Where do you study ?
When ٌٍِِٓ ٝ‫ِظ‬ When does he go to school ?
Whose ‫ش‬١‫ٌٍٍّى‬ ٌّٓ Whose are these cars?
How ‫ٌٍلخي‬ ‫ف‬١‫و‬ How does he go to school?
Why ‫حٌٔزذ‬ ‫ٌّخًح‬ Why does he go to school?
Which ٍ‫خ‬١‫ٌالهظ‬ ٞ‫أ‬ Which subject does he like ?
How old َّ‫ٌٍؼ‬ َّ‫وُ ػ‬ How old is he ?
How far ‫ٌٍّٔخفش‬ ‫زؼي‬٠ ُ‫و‬ How far is the school?
How many ‫ى‬ٚ‫ٌٍّؼي‬ ‫وُ ػيى‬ How many apples do you have?
How much ‫ى‬ٚ‫َ حٌّؼي‬١‫ٌغ‬ ‫ش‬١ّ‫وُ و‬ How much rice do you need?
How long ‫ش‬١ٌِِٕ‫حٌفظَس ح‬ ‫وُ حٌفظَس‬ How long have you stayed ?
1- To ask about subject ‫انفبػم َستخذو‬who ‫ نهؼبقم‬what ‫نغٍش انؼبقم‬
Rule who or what + main verb ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ?
Who write the lesson ?
What is grown in Yemen?
Ahmed prays noon at the mosque. Who prays noon at mosque? ً‫ ٔلٌف حٌفخػ‬who or what ‫غ‬٠ٔٚ ً‫حٌّٕخٓزش ٌٍفخػ‬
2- To ask about object ‫ انًفؼٕل َستخذو‬who or whom ‫ نهؼبقم‬what ‫نغٍش انؼبقم‬
Rule Wh q + helping verb ‫ فؼم يسبػذ‬+ S ‫ فبػم‬+ main V ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ‫? يكًهخ‬
What are you reading ?
Who did you see yesterday ? or Whom did you see yesterday ?
What is he buying ? He is buying a car .
Who did she meet at the airport ? She met her father at the airport.
3- To ask about place ‫ انًكبٌ َستخذو‬where

Rule Where + to be + S? ‫أٌٍ ٌقغ‬
ٔ‫ أ‬Where + helping verb ‫ فؼم يسبػذ‬+ S ‫ فبػم‬+ main V ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ‫? يكًهخ‬
Where is the bank ? The bank is in Al-Tahreer street.
Where is she spending her holiday? She is spending her holiday in France .
4- To ask about time ‫ انضيٍ َستخذو‬when

Rule When + helping verb ‫ فؼم يسبػذ‬+ S ‫ فبػم‬+ main V ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ‫? يكًهخ‬
When does it rain in Yemen ? It rains in Yemen in summer .
When do they go to school ? They go to school at 7 :00.

5- To ask about adverb ‫ انحبل َستخذو‬how

Rule How + helping verb ‫ فؼم يسبػذ‬+ S ‫ فبػم‬+ main V ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ‫? يكًهخ‬
How do you write ? I write slowly.
How is he working ? He is working well.
6- To ask about reason ‫ انسجت َستخذو‬why

Rule Why + helping verb ‫ فؼم يسبػذ‬+ S ‫ فبػم‬+ main V ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ‫? يكًهخ‬
Why does he go to hospital ? he go to hospital because he is sick.
Why do rocks corrode next to factories ? Rocks corrode next to factories because of acid rain.
7- To ask about alternative ‫ االختٍبس َستخذو‬which

Rule
Which + noun ( ‫ ) االسى انًختبس‬+ helping V ‫ فؼم يسبػذ‬+ S ‫ فبػم‬+ main V ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ‫? يكًهخ‬
Which car has he bought? He bought the red car.
Which subject do you prefer ? I prefer English subject .
8- To ask about countable ( numbers ) ‫ انًؼذٔد َستخذو‬how many ?

Rule
How many + noun ( ‫ )االسى‬+ helping V ‫ فؼم يسبػذ‬+ S ‫ فبػم‬+ main V ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ?
How many cars have you got ? I have got 3 cars.
How many villages are disappeared in the flood ? Five villages disappeared in the flood.
9- To ask about Uncountable ( amount ) ‫ غٍش انًؼذٔد َستخذو‬how much ?

Rule
How much + noun ( ‫ ) االسى‬+ helping V ‫ فؼم يسبػذ‬+ S ‫ فبػم‬+ main V ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ?
How much sugar have you got ? I have got some sugar.
How much does it cost ? It costs 100 Rials .
10- To ask about (size – shape - colour – qualification ) what ‫َستخذو‬ ‫انشكم انهٌٕ انحجى يؤْم‬
Rule
What + (size – shape - colour – qualification ) + helping V ‫ فؼم يسبػذ‬+ S ‫ فبػم‬+ main V ً‫ فؼم أسبس‬+ COM ?
What size is the car? It is big .

What qualification do you need ? you need diploma .
What shape is the door?
What colours are the balloons ?
What colour do you prefer?

11- To ask about (verb ) ‫ األفؼبل‬what ‫َستخذو‬

‫خف‬٠‫ أْ ط‬١َ٘‫ر‬
doing - done - Do
ٟٓ‫ف حٌّٕخٓذ ٌِِٓ حٌـٍّش ِىخْ حٌفؼً حألٓخ‬٠َٜ‫رخٌظ‬
? + to do + COM ً‫ فخػ‬+ S ‫فؼً ِٔخػي‬Rule What + helping V
What do you do ? I make a dress
What are you doing ? I am making a dress.
What has she done ? she has studied English.
ٓ‫ كخي حٌٔئحي ػ‬ٟ‫ٔظزغ حٌمخػيس ف‬ٚ ‫غ أىحس حٌٔئحي حٌّٕخٓزش‬٠ٔٚ ٢‫خ ه‬ٙ‫ طلظ‬ٟ‫ ؿٍّش ٔلٌف حٌىٍّش حٌظ‬ٞ‫ٓ حٌٔئحي ِٓ أ‬٠ٛ‫ِالكظش ٌظى‬
‫ ِؼخي‬٢‫ىٓ طلظٗ ه‬٠ ٌُ ٌٛ ٝ‫خ كظ‬٠٠‫ي أ‬ٛ‫ حٌّفؼ‬ٚ ً‫حألفؼخي ٔلٌف حٌفؼ‬
What is he doing now? He is fixing his car now.
She drove her car yesterday . What did she do yesterday ?
‫ ؿٍّش ِؼال‬ٞ‫ٓ حٌٔئحي ِٓ أ‬٠ٛ‫ٌظى‬
She bought a red car last week .
‫ٔظزغ حٌمخػيس‬ٚ ‫غ أىحس حٌٔئحي حٌّٕخٓزش‬٠ٔٚ ٢‫خ ه‬ٙ‫ طلظ‬ٟ‫ٔلٌف حٌىٍّش حٌظ‬
When did she bought a red car?
َ‫ِؼخي أه‬
She bought a red car last week . Which car did she buy last week ?
12- Yes . No question ‫ٌجذأ انسؤال دائًب ثفؼم يسبػذ أ فؼم َبقض‬
Do you like reading ? Yes , I do or No, I don’t
Is he hopeful at school subject ? Yes , he is or No, he isn't
Can she hop ? Yes , she can or No , she can't
 ٞ‫ُح‬ٚ ‫ٓئحي‬
Make a question to match the underlined phrases : ‫اسأل ػٍ انؼجبسح انتً تحتٓب خظ‬
1 He arrived Aden on Saturday . When did she arrive Aden?
2 Omer answered two questions. How many questions did Omer answer?
3 He is writing a postcard. What is he writing ?
4 He passes the exam because he studies hard. Why does he pass?
5 Anwer will spend his vacation in Canada . Where will Anwer spend his vacation?
6 Charles Richter invented Richer scale. Who invented Richer scale?
7 The ball is round . What shape is the ball?
8 This is your car . Whose is this car?
9 Yes , he is good at Arabic . Is he good at Arabic ?
10 No , he didn't write the lesson . Did he write the lesson?

Preposition ‫حشٔف انجش‬

1- Time ٌٍِِٓ
On At In
Days َ‫خ‬٠‫حأل‬ on Sunday Hours ‫حٌٔخػخص‬ at 9:20 Months ٌٍٛٙ٘‫ح‬ in July
Specific date ‫ن ِليى‬٠ٍ‫طخ‬ at night Years ‫حص‬ٌٕٛٔ‫ح‬ in 2012
On 22nd - May – 2000 at noon Seasons ‫ي حألٍرؼش‬ٜٛ‫حٌف‬ in summer
On March-18 -2018 at midnight
On holiday at weekend Parts of a day َٛ١ٌ‫ أؿِحء ح‬in morning
2- Special preposition ‫ش‬ٛ‫ف ؿَ هخ‬َٚ‫ك‬
in + noun or V+ ing
ing + ‫ٌأتً ثؼذِ اسى أٔ فؼم‬
Interesting in Interesting in sports / drawing Believe in Believe in challenge
Interested in Interested in reading Training in Training in teaching
of + noun or V+ ing
ing + ‫ٌأتً ثؼذِ اسى أٔ فؼم‬
Chance of Chance of travelling A lot of A lot of books
Experience of Experience of work Afraid of Afraid of Allah
Take care of Take care of the baby Piece of Piece of cheese
at + noun or V+ ing
ing + ‫ فؼم‬,‫ٌأتً ثؼذِ اسى أ‬
Good at Good at drawing Hopeful at Hopeful at success
Bad at Bad at swimming Hopeless at Hopeless at driving
for + noun or V+ ing
ing + ‫ٌأتً ثؼذِ أٔ اسى فؼم‬
Famous for Famous for old Sana'a Qualified for Qualified for teaching
Apply for Apply for the job Ask for Ask for the application
Wait for Wait for the bus Grateful for Grateful for your quick reply
to + noun or V+( inf ) ‫ٌأتً ثؼذِ فؼم يظذس‬
Used to Used to read Has to / have to / had to ‫ـذ‬٠ Has to pray
Willing to Willing to try Possible to Possible to crossbreed
Need to Need to train Capable to Capable to dive
Lead to Lead to die Able to Able to work
Prefer to Prefer to study hard Hate to Hate to fail
Look forward to + ing + ‫فؼم‬
I look forward to meeting you soon.
‫سؤال ٔصاسي‬
Spot the mistake
I am good in computer . [ at ]
She looks forward to work soon . [ working ]
Choose the best alternative
-She is waiting ……………….. the teacher . ( to – for – at )
-Ali will travel ………………… Wednesday. ( in – at – on )
- I need to ……………….. well. ( study – studying – studied )
- would you prefer ……………….. coffee or tea ? ( drinking – to drink – drink )

Noun and verbs ( derivation)

Discovery ‫حوظ٘خف‬ Discover ‫حوظ٘ف‬ Creation ‫هٍك‬ create ‫وٍك‬٠
recovery ‫ٗفخء‬ Recover ٟ‫٘ف‬٠ education ُ١ٍ‫طؼ‬ educate ٍُ‫ظؼ‬٠
Delivery َ٠َ‫طل‬ Deliver ٍَ‫ل‬٠ Vibration ُ‫ح٘ظِح‬ Vibrate ِٙ٠
Investigation ‫ك‬١‫طلم‬ Investigate ‫لمك‬٠
Collection ‫غ‬١ّ‫طـ‬ collect ‫ـّغ‬٠ Operation ‫ش‬١ٍّ‫ػ‬ Operate ًّ‫ؼ‬٠
Protection ‫ش‬٠‫كّخ‬ Protect ّٟ‫ل‬٠ Vaccination ‫ق‬١‫طٍم‬ vaccinate ‫ٍمق‬٠
Infection ٜٚ‫ػي‬ Infect ٞ‫ؼي‬٠ administration ‫اىحٍس‬ administrate َ٠‫ي‬٠
Direction ٖ‫حطـخ‬ Direct ‫مطغ‬٠ Invitation ‫س‬ٛ‫ىػ‬ Invite ٛ‫يػ‬٠
Invention ‫حهظَحع‬ Invent ‫وظَع‬٠
Suggestion ‫حلظَحف‬ Suggest ‫مظَف‬٠ Observation ‫َِحلزش‬ Observe ‫َحلذ‬٠
Prevention ‫ِٕغ‬ Prevent ‫ّٕغ‬٠ Starvation ‫ِؼخٔخس‬ Starve ٟٔ‫ؼخ‬٠
Correction ‫ق‬١‫ل‬ٜ‫ط‬ Correct ‫لق‬ٜ٠
Organization ‫ِٕظّش‬ Organize ُ‫ٕظ‬٠
Discussion ٕ‫ٔمخ‬ discuss ٖ‫ٕخل‬٠ Immunization ٓ١ٜ‫طل‬ immunize ٜٓ‫ل‬٠
Expression ‫ق‬١ٟٛ‫ط‬ express ‫ق‬ٟٛ٠ Neutralization ‫طؼخىي‬ Neutralize ‫ؼخىي‬٠
introduction ‫ِميِش‬ introduce َ‫مي‬٠ Application ‫ٍذ‬١ apply ًّ‫طٍذ ػ‬٠

production ‫أظخؽ‬ produce ‫ٕظؾ‬٠ Qualification ً٘‫ِئ‬ Qualify ً٘‫ئ‬٠
Clarification ‫ق‬١ٟٛ‫ط‬ Clarify ‫ق‬ٟٛ٠
Combination ‫غ‬١ّ‫طـ‬ Combine ‫ـّغ‬٠ Classification ُ١ٔ‫طم‬ Classify ُٔ‫م‬٠
Examination ٍ‫حهظزخ‬ Examine َ‫وظز‬٠ Justification َ٠َ‫طز‬ Justify ٍَ‫ز‬٠
Imagination ‫خي‬١‫ه‬ Imagine ً١‫ظو‬٠
Arrival ‫ي‬ٛٛٚ Arrive ًٜ٠
Explosion ٍ‫حٔفـخ‬ explode َ‫فـ‬٠ survival ‫ٔـخس‬ Survive ٛ‫ٕـ‬٠
Corrosion ً‫طؤو‬ corrode ً‫ظآو‬٠
Conclusion َ‫هظخ‬ Conclude ُ‫وظ‬٠ Movement ‫كَوش‬ Move ‫لَن‬٠
Decision ٍ‫لَح‬ Decide ٍَ‫م‬٠ Improvement َ٠ٛ‫طط‬ Improve ٍٛ‫ط‬٠
Agreement ‫حفمش‬ِٛ Agree ‫حفك‬ٛ٠
Permission ًْ‫ا‬ Permit ًْ‫ؤ‬٠ Measurement ّ‫خ‬١‫ل‬ Measure ْ١‫م‬٠
Transmission ‫آٍخي‬ Transmit ًَٓ٠ Arrangement ‫ذ‬١‫طَط‬ Arrange ‫َطذ‬٠
Government ‫ِش‬ٛ‫كى‬ Govern ُ‫لى‬٠
Feeling ٍٛ‫ٗؼ‬ Feel َ‫٘ؼ‬٠ Excitement ‫ى٘٘ش‬ Excite ٖ٘‫ٕي‬٠
Boiling ْ‫خ‬١ٍ‫غ‬ Boil ٍٟ‫غ‬٠ Advertisement ْ‫اػال‬ Advertise ٍٓ‫ؼ‬٠
Training ‫ذ‬٠ٍ‫طي‬ Train ‫يٍد‬٠ Requirement ‫ِظطٍذ‬ Require ‫ظطٍذ‬٠
Wedding ‫حؽ‬ُٚ Wed ‫ؽ‬ِٚ‫ظ‬٠ Treatment ‫ِؼخٌـش‬ Treat ‫ؼخٌؾ‬٠
Writing ‫وظخرش‬ Write ‫ىظذ‬٠ Development َ٠ٛ‫طط‬ Develop ٍٛ‫ط‬٠
Laughing ‫له‬ٟ Laugh ‫له‬٠٠ Enjoyment ‫حٓظّظخع‬ Enjoy ‫ٔظّظغ‬٠
Reading ‫لَحءس‬ Read ‫مَأ‬٠ Encouragement ‫غ‬١‫ط٘ـ‬ encourage ‫٘ـغ‬٠
Listening ‫حٓظّخع‬ Listen ‫ّٔغ‬٠ Engagement ‫رش‬ٛ‫هط‬ Engage ‫وطذ‬٠


Reference ‫اٗخٍس‬ Refer َ١٘٠ Mixture ٢١ٍ‫ه‬ Mix ٢ٍ‫و‬٠
Difference ‫حهظالف‬ Differ ‫وظٍف‬٠ Departure ‫ِغخىٍس‬ Depart ٍ‫غخى‬٠
Dependence ‫حػظّخى‬ Depend ‫ؼظّي‬٠ Pressure ٢‫غ‬ٟ Press ٢‫غ‬٠٠
Knowledge ‫ِؼَفش‬ Know ‫ؼَف‬٠ Speech ‫غ‬٠‫كي‬ Speak ‫ظليع‬٠

Advice ‫لش‬١ٜٔ Advise ‫ق‬ٜٕ٠ Loss ْ‫فميح‬ Lose ‫فمي‬٠
Weight ُْٚ Weigh ِْ٠ Diagnosis ٚ١‫ط٘و‬ Diagnose ٚ‫٘و‬٠
Belief ْ‫ّخ‬٠‫ا‬ Believe ِٓ‫ئ‬٠ Marriage ‫حؽ‬ُٚ marry ‫ؽ‬ِٚ‫ظ‬٠
Service ‫هيِش‬ Serve َ‫وي‬٠ Death ‫ص‬ِٛ Die ‫ص‬ّٛ٠
Choice ٍ‫خ‬١‫ه‬ Choose ٍ‫وظخ‬٠ Appearance ٍٛٙ‫ظ‬ Appear َٙ‫ظ‬٠
Success ‫ٔـخف‬ Succeed ‫ٕـق‬٠ Comparison ‫ِمخٍٔش‬ Compare ٍْ‫مخ‬٠
Safety ِٓ‫ح‬ Save ‫لفع‬٠ Information ‫ِخص‬ٍٛ‫ِؼ‬ Inform َ‫وز‬٠
Vaccine ‫ٌمخف‬ vaccinate ‫ٍمق‬٠ Immunity ‫ِٕخػش‬ immunize ٜٓ‫ل‬٠
Drink ‫د‬َِٚ٘ Drink ‫َ٘د‬٠ Milk ‫ذ‬١ٍ‫ك‬ Milk ‫لٍذ‬٠

Walk ٗ١ّ٘‫ط‬ Walk ّٟ٘٠ Work ًّ‫ػ‬ Work ًّ‫ؼ‬٠
Attack َٛ‫٘ـ‬ Attack ُ‫ـ‬ٙ٠ Experience ‫طـَرش‬ Experience ‫ـَد‬٠
Plant ‫ٔزخص‬ Plant ‫ٍِع‬٠ Experiment ‫طـَرش‬ Experiment ‫ـَد‬٠
Process ‫ش‬١ٍّ‫ػ‬ Process ٌ‫ٕف‬٠ Dream ٍُ‫ك‬ Dream ٍُ‫ل‬٠
Water ‫ِخء‬ Water ٟ‫ٔم‬٠ Rain َ‫ِط‬ Rain َ‫طّط‬
Cut ‫ؿَف‬ Cut ‫مطغ‬٠ Answer ‫اؿخرش‬ Answer ‫ذ‬١‫ـ‬٠
Change َ١١‫طغ‬ Change َ١‫غ‬٠ Damage ٍ‫ىِخ‬ Damage َِ‫ي‬٠
Crash َ‫خى‬ٜ‫ط‬ Crash َ‫ي‬ٜ٠ Dissolve ْ‫رخ‬ًٚ Dissolve ‫د‬ٌٚ٠
Rescue ً‫أمخ‬ Rescue ٌ‫ٕم‬٠ Fish ‫ّٓه‬ Fish ‫طخى‬ٜ٠
Book ‫وظخد‬ Book ً‫ٔـ‬٠ Interview ‫ِمخرٍش‬ Interview ً‫مخر‬٠
Freeze ‫ي‬١ّ‫طـ‬ Freeze ‫ظـّي‬٠ Saw ٍ‫ِٕ٘خ‬ Saw ٜ‫ٍأ‬
Stop ‫لف‬ِٛ Stop ‫مف‬٠ Iron ‫حس‬ٛ‫ِى‬ Iron ٞٛ‫ى‬٠
Help ‫ِٔخػيس‬ Help ‫ٔخػي‬٠ Ring ُ‫هخط‬ Ring َْ٠
Ride ‫ٌش‬ٛ‫ؿ‬ Ride ٍٝ‫َوذ ػ‬٠ Dive ٙٛ‫غ‬ Dive ٙٛ‫غ‬٠
Harvest ‫خى‬ٜ‫ك‬ Harvest ‫ي‬ٜ‫ل‬٠ Offer ُ٠‫طمي‬ Offer َ‫مي‬٠
Complete the table
Verb Noun
Advertise ………………….
………………. Government
……………… Plant
Save ………………..
Spot the mistake
I want to safety the money . × [ save ] want to + v inf.

This is the mix . × [ mixture ] the + noun

Noun and adjective ( derivation )

Noun ‫انًؼُى‬ Adjective ‫انًؼُى‬ Noun ‫انًؼُى‬ Adjective ‫انًؼُى‬
Patience َ‫ز‬ٛ patient ٍٛ‫ز‬ٛ Wind ‫خف‬٠ٍ Windy ‫ف‬ٛ‫ػخ‬
Presence ٍٛ٠‫ك‬ Present َٟ‫كخ‬ Sun ّْٗ Sunny ِّْ٘
Confidence ‫ػمش‬ confident ‫حػك‬ٚ Mud ً‫ك‬ٚ Muddy ً‫ك‬ِٛ
Diligence ‫ًوخء‬ Diligent ٟ‫ًو‬ Sand ًٍِ Sandy ٍٍِٟ
Silence ‫ّض‬ٛ Silent ‫خِض‬ٛ Rain َ‫ِط‬ Rainy َ‫ِّط‬
Absence ‫خد‬١‫غ‬ Absent ‫غخثذ‬ Shade ً‫ظ‬ Shady ًٍ‫ِظ‬
Difference ‫حهظالف‬ Different ‫ِوظٍف‬ Cloud ‫ٓلخد‬ Cloudy ُ‫غخث‬
Distance ‫ِٔخفش‬ distant ‫ي‬١‫رؼ‬ Rock َ‫و‬ٛ Rocky َٞ‫و‬ٛ
Importance ‫ش‬١ّ٘‫أ‬ Important ُِٙ Fog ‫زخد‬ٟ Foggy ٟ‫زخر‬ٟ
Mist ‫زخد‬ٟ Misty ٟ‫زخر‬ٟ
West ‫غَد‬ Western ٟ‫غَر‬ Dust ‫طَحد‬ Dusty ‫ِظَد‬
East ‫َٗق‬ Eastern ٟ‫َٗل‬ Speed ‫َٓػش‬ Speedy ‫غ‬٠َٓ
North ‫ّٗخي‬ Northern ٌٟ‫ّٗخ‬ Luck ‫كع‬ Lucky ‫ظ‬ٛ‫ِلظ‬
South ‫د‬ٕٛ‫ؿ‬ Southern ٟ‫ر‬ٕٛ‫ؿ‬ Health ‫لش‬ٛ Healthy ٟ‫ل‬ٛ
Thirst ٖ‫ػط‬ Thirsty ْ‫ػط٘خ‬
Darkness َ‫ظال‬ Dark ٍُ‫ِظ‬ Greed ً‫رو‬ Greedy ً١‫رو‬
Sickness َِٝ Sick ٞ٠َِ Wealth ‫س‬َٚ‫ػ‬ Wealthy َٞ‫ػ‬
Weakness ‫ؼف‬ٟ Weak ‫ف‬١‫ؼ‬ٟ Tidiness ُ١‫طٕظ‬ Tidy ُ‫ِٕظ‬
Thickness ‫ّٓخوش‬ Thick ‫ه‬١ّٓ Hunger ‫ع‬ٛ‫ؿ‬ Hungry ‫ؿخثغ‬
Kindness ‫ػطف‬ Kind ْٕٛ‫ك‬ Dirt ‫ٓخم‬ٚ‫أ‬ Dirty ‫ِظٔن‬
Politeness ‫أىد‬ Polite ‫ِئىد‬
Illness َِٝ Ill ٞ٠َِ Accident ‫كخىع‬ Accidental َٟٟ‫ػ‬
Cheapness ٚ‫ٍه‬ Cheap ٚ١‫ٍه‬ Coast ‫ت‬١‫ٗخ‬ Coastal ٍٟ‫ٓخك‬
Consciousness ٟ‫ػ‬ٚ Conscious ٟ‫حػ‬ٚ Environment ‫جش‬١‫ر‬ Environmental ٟ‫ج‬١‫ر‬
Tiredness ‫طؼذ‬ Tired ْ‫طؼزخ‬ Experiment ‫طـَرش‬ Experimental ٟ‫ز‬٠َ‫طـ‬
Happiness ‫ٓؼخىس‬ Happy ‫ي‬١‫ٓؼ‬ Horizon ‫أفك‬ Horizontal ٟ‫أفم‬
Tidiness ‫ذ‬١‫طَط‬ Tidy ‫َِطذ‬ Agriculture ‫ٍُحػش‬ Agricultural ٟ‫ٍُحػ‬
Friendliness ‫ى‬ٚ Friendly ‫ى‬ٚ‫ى‬ٚ Nature ‫ؼش‬١‫ز‬١ Natural ٟ‫ؼ‬١‫ز‬١
Clearness ‫ف‬ٟٛٚ Clear ‫ق‬ٟ‫ح‬ٚ Education ُ١ٍ‫طؼ‬ Educational ٞٛ‫طَر‬
‫يالحظخ ًٌكٍ استجذال‬
ful ‫ثـ‬less ‫نهحظٕل ػهى ضذ انكهًخ‬
Center ِ‫َِو‬ Central ِٞ‫َِو‬
Power ‫س‬ٛ‫ل‬ Powerful ٞٛ‫ل‬ Neuter ‫يس‬٠‫ِلخ‬ Neutral ‫ي‬٠‫ِلخ‬
Wonder ‫ػش‬ٍٚ Wonderful ‫ٍحثغ‬ Tradition ‫ي‬١ٌ‫طمخ‬ Traditional ٞ‫ي‬١ٍ‫طم‬
Fear ‫ف‬ٛ‫ه‬ Fearful ‫ف‬١‫ِو‬ Culture ‫ػمخفش‬ Cultural ٟ‫ػمخف‬
Hope ًِ‫أ‬ Hopeful ً‫ِظفخث‬ Survive ‫رمخء‬ Survival ٟ‫رخل‬
Care َ‫ح٘ظّخ‬ Careful ُ‫ظ‬ِٙ
Use َ‫حٓظويح‬ Useful ‫ي‬١‫ِف‬ Electricity ‫َرخء‬ٙ‫و‬ Electrical ٟ‫َرخث‬ٙ‫و‬
Help ‫ِٔخػيس‬ Helpful ْٚ‫ِظؼخ‬ Medicine ‫ذ‬١ Medical ٟ‫ز‬١
Success ‫ٔـخف‬ Successful ‫ٔخؿق‬ Mathematics ‫خص‬١ٟ‫خ‬٠ٍ Mathematical ‫ش‬١ٟ‫خ‬٠ٍ
Beauty ‫ؿّخي‬ Beautiful ‫ٍش‬١ّ‫ؿ‬ Physics ‫خء‬٠ِ١‫ف‬ Physical ٟ‫خث‬٠ِ١‫ف‬
Skill ‫خٍس‬ِٙ Skillful َ٘‫ِخ‬ Chemistry ‫خء‬١ّ١‫و‬ Chemical ٟ‫خث‬١ّ١‫و‬
Noun ‫انًؼُى‬ Adjective ‫انًؼُى‬ Noun ‫انًؼُى‬ Adjective ‫انًؼُى‬

Mountain ً‫ؿز‬ Mountainous ٍٟ‫ ؿز‬Wood ‫ه٘ذ‬ Wooden ٟ‫ه٘ز‬
Danger َ‫هط‬ Dangerous َ١‫ هط‬Wool ‫ف‬ٛٛ Woolen ٟ‫ف‬ٛٛ
Adventure ‫ِغخَِس‬ Adventurous َِ‫ِغخ‬
Mystery ّٝٛ‫غ‬ Mysterious ِٞ‫غخ‬ Canada ‫وٕيح‬ Canadian ٞ‫وٕي‬
Ambition ‫ف‬ّٛ١ Ambitious ‫ف‬َّٛ١ Brazil ً٠ُ‫حٌزَح‬ Brazilian ٍٟ٠ُ‫رَح‬
Arab ‫ػَد‬ Arabic ٟ‫ػَر‬
Possibility ‫حكظّخي‬ Possible ًّ‫ِلظ‬ France ‫فَٔٔخ‬ French َٟٔٔ‫ف‬
Responsibility ‫ش‬١ٌٚ‫ ِٔئ‬Responsible ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِٔج‬ Germany ‫خ‬١ٔ‫أٌّخ‬ German ٟٔ‫أٌّخ‬
Visibility ‫ش‬٠‫ٍإ‬ Visible ٟ‫َِث‬ Iraq ‫حٌؼَحق‬ Iraqi ٟ‫ػَحل‬
Kuwait ‫ض‬٠ٛ‫حٌى‬ Kuwaiti ٟ‫ظ‬٠ٛ‫و‬
Ability ‫ليٍس‬ Able ٍ‫لخى‬ Mexico ‫ه‬١ٔ‫حٌّى‬ Mexican ٟ‫ى‬١ٔ‫ِى‬
Capability ‫ِميٍس‬ Capable ٍ‫لخى‬ Syria ‫خ‬٠ٍٛٓ Syrian ٍٞٛٓ
Comfort ‫ٍحكش‬ Comfortable ‫َِطخف‬ China ٓ١ٌٜ‫ح‬ Chinese ٟٕ١ٛ
Value ‫ّش‬١‫ل‬ Valuable ٓ١ّ‫ػ‬ Japan ْ‫خرخ‬١ٌ‫ح‬ Japanese ٟٔ‫خرخ‬٠
Measure ّ‫خ‬١‫ل‬ Measurable ّ‫ِمخ‬ Yemen ّٓ١ٌ‫ح‬ Yemeni ّٟٕ٠
Desire ‫ٍغزش‬ Desirable ‫د‬ٛ‫َِغ‬ England ‫حٔـٍظَح‬ English ِٞ١ٍ‫حٔـ‬
Enjoyment ‫حٓظّظخع‬ Enjoyable ‫ِّظغ‬
ً‫لخر‬
Application ‫ك‬١‫ططز‬ Applicable Administration ‫اىحٍس‬ Administrative ٍٞ‫اىح‬
‫ك‬١‫ٌٍظطز‬
Imagination ‫خي‬١‫حٌو‬ Imaginative ٌٟ‫خ‬١‫ه‬
Islam َ‫حإلٓال‬ Islamic ِٟ‫آال‬
Volcano ْ‫رَوخ‬ Volcanic ٟٔ‫رَوخ‬ Length ‫ي‬ٛ١ Long ً٠ٛ١
Science ٍَٛ‫ػ‬ Scientific ٍّٟ‫ػ‬ Depth ‫ػّك‬ Deep ‫ك‬١ّ‫ػ‬
Acidity
ّٞ‫ك‬ Acidic ٟ٠ّ‫ك‬ Warmth ‫ىفت‬ Warm ‫ىحفت‬
Acid
Base ‫لخػيس‬ Basic ٞ‫لخػي‬ Strength ‫س‬ٛ‫ل‬ Strong ٞٛ‫ل‬
Death ‫ص‬ِٛ Died ‫ض‬١ِ
Interest َ‫ح٘ظّخ‬ Interested ُ‫ظ‬ِٙ Truth ‫مش‬١‫حٌلم‬ True ٟ‫م‬١‫كم‬
Worry ‫لٍك‬ Worried ْ‫لٍمخ‬
Curve ‫حٔلٕخء‬ Curved ٟٕ‫ِٕل‬ Difficulty ‫رش‬ٛ‫ؼ‬ٛ Difficult ‫ؼذ‬ٛ
Desert ‫لَحء‬ٛ Deserted ٞٚ‫لَح‬ٛ Height ‫حٍطفخع‬ High ‫َِطفغ‬
Age َّ‫ػ‬ Old َّ‫ِؼ‬
Shortage ٚ‫ٔم‬ Short َ١ٜ‫ل‬ Necessity ‫ش‬١ّ٘‫أ‬ Necessary ُِٙ
Marriage ‫حؽ‬ُٚ Married ‫ؽ‬ِٚ‫ِظ‬ Circle ‫ىحثَس‬ Round َٞ‫ىحث‬
Loss ‫خع‬١ٟ Lost ‫ى‬ٛ‫ِفم‬
Square ‫َِرغ‬ Square ‫َِرغ‬ Alkali ‫خص‬٠ٍٛ‫ل‬ Alkaline ٍٞٛ‫ل‬
Straight ُ١‫ِٔظم‬ Straight ُ١‫ِٔظم‬ Wet ‫رش‬ٛ١ٍ Wet ‫ذ‬١ٍ
Rectangle ً١‫ ِٔظط‬Rectangular ً١‫ِٔظط‬ Safety ْ‫أِخ‬ Safe ِٓ‫ح‬
Triangle ‫ِؼٍغ‬ Triangular ‫ِؼٍغ‬ Familiarity ‫أٌفش‬ Familiar ‫ف‬ٌٛ‫ِؤ‬

Complete the table
Adjective Noun
Beautiful ………………….
………………. Enjoyment
……………… Wet
Safe ………………..
Confident ………………….
………………. Shortage
Careful …………………
……………………. Acidity
Word formation ‫تكٌٍٕ انكهًبد‬
1- Affixation ‫اإلضبفخ‬
Prefix Suffix
Group of letters added to the beginning of a Group of letters added to the end of a word to
word to change its meaning ‫ش حٌىٍّش‬٠‫خف ريح‬٠‫ط‬ change its part of speech ‫ش حٌىٍّش‬٠‫خف ريح‬٠‫ط‬
re Retake -er Driver -ment Government
un Unhappy -est tallest -ship Friendship
dis Dislike -or Visitor -hood Motherhood
il Illegal -ly Slowly -dom Freedom
im Impolite -y Sunny -age Shortage
en Enlarge -ed Pointed -ful Harmful
mis mislead -ation Information -sion Explosion
mid Midnight -ing Writing -tion Reaction
non Non-human -en Darken -less Useless
sub Subtropical -al Natural -tive Administrative
semi Semivowel -ness Clearness -able Measurable
anti Anti-biotic -ity Possibility -ous Dangerous
bi Bilingual -ify Justify -ern Southern
mono Monoxide -ist Journalist -ic Islamic
super Superstar -ism Tourism -ant Important
ultra Ultra-violate -ess Actress -ance Importance
Complete the table -ize Neutralize -ent Confident
Word Prefix Suffix - er Shorter -ence Confidence
Unbelievable Un -able ‫سؤال ٔصاسي‬
Carelessly ------- -less – ly Spot the mistake
Remove Re ------ Friendly has prefix.× [ suffix ]
A prefix is added to the end of a word. ×
[beginning]

2-Compound words ‫انكهًبد انًشكجخ‬

To join two words to make new word.
Word1 Word2 Compound word ‫انًؼُى‬ Word1 Word2 Compound word ‫انًؼُى‬
‫فً ْزِ انحبنخ تكتت انكهًتٍٍ ككهًخ ٔاحذح‬-9
‫ي‬١‫ػ‬
coast line Coastline ‫ت‬١‫ٗخ‬ Birth Day Birthday
‫الى‬١ِ
Sales Man Salesman ‫رخثغ‬ Hand Bag Handbag ‫زش‬١‫كم‬
‫ٍرش‬
News Paper Newspaper ‫يس‬٠َ‫ؿ‬ House Wife Housewife
‫ِِٕي‬
News Reader Newsreader ‫غ‬٠ٌِ Air Port Airport ٍ‫ِطخ‬
Time Table Timetable ‫ي‬ٚ‫ؿي‬ Air Plane Airplane ‫خثَس‬١
Home Work Homework ‫حؿذ‬ٚ Head Master Headmaster َ٠‫ِي‬
َ‫كِح‬
Seat Belt Seatbelt Blue Berry Blueberry ‫ص‬ٛ‫ط‬
ْ‫حألِخ‬
Farm Land Farmland ‫ٍِِػش‬ Land Slide Landslide ‫حِٔالق‬
Pain Killer Painkiller ‫ية‬ِٙ Spoke Man Spokesman ‫ِظليع‬
َ‫ؼخ‬١
Sea Food Seafood Arm Chair Armchair ‫وٕزش‬
َٞ‫رل‬
) - ( ‫فً ْزِ انحبنخ تكتت انكهًتٍٍ ٔثًٍُٓب‬-2
Taxi Driver Taxi-driver ‫ٓخثك‬ Hard Working Hard-working ‫ي‬ٙ‫ِـظ‬
ً٠ٛ١
Spare Time Spare-time ‫لض حٌفَحؽ‬ٚ Long Term Long-term ٜ‫حٌّي‬
Good Heart Good-hearted ‫ذ‬١١ One Leg One-legged ‫أػَؽ‬
Open Hand Open-handed ُ٠َ‫و‬ One Eye One-eyed ٍٛ‫حػ‬
‫فً ْزِ انحبنخ تكتت كم كهًخ يُفظهخ‬-3
computer
School Teacher School teacher ٍّ‫ِي‬ computer Programmer ‫ِزَِؾ‬
Programmer
َِٝٚ ‫ٍَٗي‬
Lion Tamer Lion tamer Tourist Guide Tourist guide
‫ى‬ٛٓ‫ح‬ ٟ‫خك‬١ٓ
ٍّ‫ِي‬ Bank َ٠‫ِي‬
Math Teacher Math teacher Bank Manager
‫خص‬١ٟ‫خ‬٠ٍ manager ‫رٕه‬
Film Director Film director ‫ِوَؽ‬ House Builder House builder ‫رٕخء‬

Jobs
‫كٍف تكٌٕ انكهًبد انًشكجخ انخبطخ ثبنٕظبئف‬
Rule
O + V + er
er ّ‫َأخز انًفؼٕل ثّ ثى انفؼم َٔضٍف ن‬
‫نٍظجح اسى انفبػم‬
Bus driver –is a person who drives (v ) buses ( o ).

Taxi- driver –is a person who drives a taxi.
Project manager –is a person who manages project.
House builder - is a person who builds houses.
Football player - is a person who plays football..
Film director - is a person who directs films.
Lion tamer - is a person who tames lions.
Career advisor - is a person who advises career .
Furniture maker - is a person who makes furniture.
Bookseller - is a person who sells books.
Dressmaker - is a person who makes dresses.
Science teacher - is a person who teaches science.
Newsreader - is a person who reads news.
Bank manager - is a person who manages banks.
Coffee grower - is a person who grows coffee.
School leaver - is a person who leaves the school or in his last years at school.
Social worker- is a person who helps people with problems.
Tightropes walker - is a person who walks a long tightropes.
Tourist guide - is a person who guides tourists.
Circle the compound word
Foundation dressmaker fireman immeasurable news writer careless

Noun
Noun is divided in to two main parts countable and uncountable
Countable ( C ) ‫يؼذٔد‬
uncountable ( U.C ( ‫غٍش انًؼذٔد‬
singular ‫يفشد‬ plural ‫جًغ‬
‫ٌسجق ثـ‬
‫ٌسجق ثـ‬ ‫ٌسجق ثـ‬ ← Some – any →
A book Many pens Much sugar
An apple These birds Used with any noun A little milk
This car Those trees countable or
That girl A lot of friends uncountable but Examples
One car Two , ten cars … Rice
Several houses Some use in positive Money
Few people ‫حٌـًّ حٌّؼزظش‬ Time
One of students Tea
Any use in ‫ حٌٔئحي‬ٚ ٟ‫حٌٕف‬ Water
Both of my parents question and negative
1-Some words are always singular :

One of my sisters is a teacher.
Neither of my parents is living.
Each of my brothers wants to buy a car.
Nothing is good in my life.
Is anyone at home ?
Much of my time is spent in school.
2-Some words are always plural:
Both of my parents are doctors .
Several of villages are disappeared.
Many of my students are active.
3-Some words depend on the word followed singular or plural
Someone is lost . ( singular )
Some of my friends are teachers . countable ( plural )
Choose the best alternative ‫سؤال ٔصاسي‬
 I have ………..money to buy a gift . ( any - few - some ) U.C + positive sentences ‫ى – ؿٍّش ِؼزظش‬ٚ‫َ ِؼي‬١‫غ‬
 Several of my friends ……………… active . ( is - was - are ) plural ‫ؿّغ‬
 He has not got …………….children . ( few – some - any ) negative ٟ‫ٔف‬
 Hurry up ! we have ……………….. time ( many - few – a little ) U.C ‫ى‬ٚ‫َ ِؼي‬١‫غ‬
Spot the mistake
 I need a few sugar to make cake .

 Several of the village are disappear .
 The river is five meter deep.
 Both of my teacher are excellent.

Question Tags :- ً‫انسؤال انزٌه‬

 It is a short question at the end of a sentence , used for emphasis ‫ي‬١‫ٔظويَ ٌٍظؤو‬٠ٚ ‫ش حٌـٍّش‬٠‫خ‬ٙٔ ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫ؤط‬٠ َ١ٜ‫ٓئحي ل‬
) ‫ْ وٌٌه‬١ٌ‫ ( أ‬ٕٝ‫رّؼ‬
 It is made by adding the modal or helping verb that found in the sentence followed by the subject
ً‫ع رخٌفخػ‬ٛ‫ حٌـٍّش ِظز‬ٟ‫ى ف‬ٛ‫ؿ‬ٌّٛ‫ حٌفؼً حٌّٔخػي ح‬ٚ‫ أ‬ٚ‫خفش حٌفؼً حٌٕخل‬ٟ‫ رب‬ٍٟ٠ٌٌ‫ىظذ حٌٔئحي ح‬٠
 If there is no modal or helping verb we add the appropriate form of do ( do – does – did ) then the
subject.
ً‫ ػُ حٌفخػ‬do ِٓ ‫ف حٌ٘ىً حٌّٕخٓذ‬١٠ٔ ‫ حٌـٍّش‬ٟ‫ؿي فؼً ِٔخػي ف‬ٛ٠ ٌُ ‫حًح‬
This happened with a condition ‫ْٔزا ٌحذث ثششط‬
A positive sentence , A negative question tag? He is a doctor, is not he?

A negative sentence , A positive question tag? She does not read a book , does she ?
The answer will be ( Yes or No ) ‫اإلجبثخ َؼى أٔ ال‬

Example
She can swim , can't she ?
He will not be a doctor , will not he ?
This is a pen , isn't it ?
Ali is bad at English , isn’t Ali ?
He goes to school early , doesn’t he ?
They left the hotel yesterday , didn't he ?
Note
 If the sentence begins with ( let's ) the question tag will be ( shall we ? )
Let's swim in that pool , shall we ?
 If the subject is this or that in the question tag we use it as a subject.

This is my car , isn't it ?
 If the subject is these or those in the question tag we use they as a subject.
Those can 't jump , can they ?
 If the sentence begins with ( I am ) the question tag will be ( aren't I ?)

I am on time , aren't I ?
Activity :
Add the suitable question tags :
She hasn't called yet , ……………………………………?
He bought a new car , …………………………...……….?
Let's have dinner together , ………………………………?
He will be on time ,……………………………….………?
You won't forget ,…………………………………..……..?
I am a good student ,……………………………….……?
These are lovely birds ,……………………..……………..?

Irregular verbs ‫األفؼبل انشبرح‬

Present Past Past participle
ٕٝ‫حٌّؼ‬
arise arose arisen ‫َ٘ق‬٠ / َٙ‫ظ‬٠
be was, were been ْٛ‫ى‬٠
become became become ‫زق‬ٜ٠
begin began begun ‫زيأ‬٠
bend bent bent ٍٞٛ٠ / َٔ‫ى‬٠
bite bit bitten ٞ‫ؼ‬٠
bleed bled bled ‫ِٕف‬٠
blow blew blown ‫ذ‬ٙ٠
break broke broken َٔ‫ى‬٠
breed bred bred ًٓ‫ظٕخ‬٠ / ‫ ٍِِػش‬ٟ‫ ف‬ٟ‫َر‬٠
bring brought brought ‫ء‬ٟٗ َ٠‫ل‬٠
build built built ٟٕ‫ز‬٠
burn burned / burnt burned / burnt ‫لَق‬٠
buy bought bought َٞ‫٘ظ‬٠
catch caught caught ‫ّٔه‬٠
choose chose chosen ٍ‫وظخ‬٠
come came come َ٠‫ل‬٠
cost cost cost ّٓ‫ىٍف ػ‬٠
crossbreed crossbred Crossbred ٓ‫ـ‬ٙ٠
cut cut cut ‫مطغ‬٠
deal dealt dealt ًِ‫ظؼخ‬٠
dig dug dug َ‫لف‬٠
dive dived / dove dived ٙٛ‫غ‬٠
Do did done ًّ‫ؼ‬٠
Draw drew drawn َُٓ٠
Dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt ٍُ‫ل‬٠
Drink drank drunk ‫َ٘د‬٠
Drive drove driven ‫ق‬ٛٔ٠
eat ate eaten ً‫ؤو‬٠
fall fell fallen ٢‫ٔم‬٠
feed fed fed ُ‫طؼ‬٠
feel felt felt َ‫٘ؼ‬٠
fight fought fought ‫لخٍد‬٠
find found found ‫ـي‬٠
fit fit / fitted fit / fitted ‫ٕخٓذ‬٠
fly flew flown َ١‫ط‬٠
forbid forbade forbidden ََ‫ل‬٠ / ‫ّٕغ‬٠
forget forgot forgotten / forgot ٕٝٔ٠
forgive forgave forgiven ‫ٔخِق‬٠

Present Past Past participle ٍٞٛ٠ / َٔ‫ى‬٠

freeze froze frozen ‫ـّي‬٠
get got gotten / got ‫ٍّه‬٠
give gave given ٟ‫ؼط‬٠
go went gone ‫ٌ٘ذ‬٠
grind ground ground ٓ‫طل‬٠
grow grew grown ‫ٍِع‬٠ / ّٕٛ٠
hang hung hung ‫ؼٍك‬٠
have had had ‫ٍّه‬٠
hear heard heard ‫ّٔغ‬٠
hide hid hidden ٟ‫وف‬٠
hit hit hit ‫َد‬٠٠
hold held held ‫ّٔه‬٠
hurt hurt hurt ‫ـَف‬٠
keep kept kept ‫لفع‬٠
kneel knelt / kneeled knelt / kneeled ‫َوغ‬٠
knit knitted / knit knitted / knit ‫ه‬١‫ل‬٠
know knew known ‫ؼَف‬٠
lay laid laid ٟ‫ٔظٍم‬٠
lead led led ٞ‫ئى‬٠
learn Learned / learnt Learned / learnt ٍُ‫ؼ‬٠
leave left left ٍ‫غخى‬٠
lend lent lent ‫ٍٔف‬٠
let let let ‫يع‬٠
Lie lay lain ‫طـغ‬٠٠ / ٟ‫ٔظٍم‬٠
lie lied lied ‫ىٌد‬٠
Lose lost lost ‫غ‬١٠٠
make made made ‫ٕغ‬ٜ٠
mean meant meant ٟٕ‫ؼ‬٠
meet met met ً‫مخر‬٠
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood ُٙ‫ء حٌف‬ٟٔ٠
pay paid paid ‫يفغ‬٠
Prove proved proven / proved ‫ؼزض‬٠
put put put ‫غ‬٠٠
Read read read ‫مَأ‬٠
Ride rode Ridden ‫َوذ‬٠
Ring rang Rung ‫يق‬٠ / َْ٠
Rise rose Risen ‫َطفغ‬٠
run ran Run َٞ‫ـ‬٠
say said said ‫ي‬ٛ‫م‬٠
see saw seen َٜ٠
seek sought sought ‫زلغ‬٠
Present Past Past participle ٕٝ‫حٌّؼ‬

sell sold sold ‫غ‬١‫ز‬٠
send sent sent ًَٓ٠
set set set َ‫ٔظم‬٠
shake shook shaken ‫خفق‬ٜ٠ / ِٙ٠
shoot shot shot ٍ‫طٍك حٌٕخ‬٠ / ‫د‬ٜٛ٠
show showed shown / showed َٔ‫ف‬٠
shut shut shut ‫ِٕف‬٠
sing sang sung ‫غٍك‬٠
sink sank / sunk sunk ‫غَق‬٠
sit sat sat ٍْ‫ـ‬٠
sleep slept slept َ‫ٕخ‬٠
smell smelt smelt ُ٘٠
speak spoke spoken ‫ظليع‬٠
spell spelt spelt ٝ‫ـ‬ٙ‫ظ‬٠
spend spent spent ٟ٠‫م‬٠
spread spread spread َ٘‫ٕظ‬٠
stand stood stood ‫مف‬٠
steal stole stolen ‫َٔق‬٠
stick stuck stuck ‫ك‬ٍٜ٠
sting stung stung ‫ٍيؽ‬٠
sweep swept swept ْٕ‫ى‬٠
swim swam swum ‫ٔزق‬٠
say said said ‫ي‬ٛ‫م‬٠
take took taken ٌ‫ؤه‬٠
teach taught taught ٍّ‫ي‬٠
tear tore torn ‫ِّق‬٠
tell told told ‫ي‬ٛ‫م‬٠
think thought thought ‫ؼظمي‬٠ / َ‫فى‬٠
throw threw thrown َِٟ٠
understand understood understood ُٙ‫ف‬٠
wake woke woken ‫مع‬١‫ٔظ‬٠
wear wore worn ْ‫ٍز‬٠
wed wed / wedded wed / wedded ‫ؽ‬ِٚ‫ظ‬٠
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted ًٍ‫ز‬٠
win won won ‫َرق‬٠
write wrote written ‫ىظذ‬٠

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قواعد كامل انجليزي ثالث ثانوي 2023 - 230728 - 044820

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‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺼﻒ ﺍﻟـﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧـﻭﻱ‬

_______: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ‬ ________ : ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬

Parts of speech ‫أجضاء انكالو‬

Noun may preceded by ‫ٔزك رـ‬٠

 pronouns: ( pro ( ‫ ضمير‬is a word used ‫ تستخدم‬instead of one or more nouns.

3 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

 Interjection : ( inter) ‫انتؼجت‬

‫ انًكًهخ‬+ ‫ فؼم‬+ ‫تشكٍت انجًهخ فً انهغخ االَجهٍضٌخ ْٕ فبػم‬

I am well ‫ ثخٍش‬. ( Adj. ) ‫طفخ‬

4 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

Identify the part of speech of the underlined word ‫سؤال ٔصاسي‬

- I milk the cow.

Other words َٜ‫وٍّخص أه‬

5 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

6 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

- To compare between two equal things ٓ١٠ٚ‫ٓ ِظٔخ‬١‫ج‬١ٗ ٓ١‫ٌٍّمخٍٔش ر‬

7 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

Other uses of comparative form : ‫ ٌ٘ىً حٌّمخٍٔش‬َٜ‫حٓظويحِخص أه‬

Example : He drove faster and faster.

Deeper and deeper we dived .

2- The comparative + s + com , the comparative + s + com

Example : the easier the puzzle , the shorter time it needs.

The more you eat , the fatter you become .

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Little Less The least

Few Fewer The fewest

8 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

- Present simple tense

9 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

- Past simple tense

Continuous Tense ‫المستمر‬

َ١‫ فال ٔىٍَ حٌلَف حأله‬praying - snowing x - y w ‫ِخػيح كَف‬

Present Perfect continuous Tense

 My brother …………………………. ( cut ) the grass he will finish soon .

02 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

Past perfect Tense

1- Before ( past simple ) , ( past perfect )

2- After ( past perfect ) , ( past simple )

4- Before he woke up , his mother had prepared the breakfast.

 Before he …………..( drive ) the car , he had checked up the petrol .

03 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

Conditional sentence ‫انجًهخ انششعٍخ‬

- (IF + S + present simple ) , ( S + will – can – shall ….. + infinitive + com )

 If there’s not an emergency at work, I …………………… ( be ) home on time.

Type two ٟٔ‫ع حٌؼخ‬ٌٕٛ‫ح‬

- (IF + S + past simple ) , ( S + would – could – should …. + infinitive + com )

Put the verb in the correct form:

 If I were you , I …………………… ( go ) with them .

04 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

Type three ‫ع حٌؼخٌغ‬ٌٕٛ‫ح‬

- (IF + S + past perfect ) , ( S + would – could – should …. + have + v3 + com )

Put the verb in the correct form:

 If I had finished my work , I …………….…………… ( take ) a holiday .

05 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

Before Before past simple , S + had V3 + com

06 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

Negative sentences ً‫انُف‬

Tense Present Past Future

Continuous am/is/are finishing → was/were finishing→ -

07 ‫صفحة‬ ‫صباح الحبابي‬

Passive voice ‫انًجًُ نهًجٕٓل‬

_: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ‬ __ : ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬